Journals / Mikrobiyoloji Bülteni / 2015 / Cilt: 49 - Sayı: 2

The Use of Polymerase Chain Reaction in Laboratory Diagnosis of Dermatophytosis

Dermatofi tozların Laboratuvar Tanısında Polimeraz Zincir Reaksiyonunun Kullanılması

Pages
201–209
DOI
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AI Summary & Key Takeaways

AI Insight
⚡ TL;DR(Too Long; Didn't Read)

In conclusion, nPCR was considered to be useful in identifi cation of dermatophytosis from either direct clinical samples or culture-isolated strains.

📌 3 Key Takeaways

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Objective & Hypothesis:Dermatophytes are among the common causes of fungal infections in the community.
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Key Findings & Data:The aim of this study was to investigate the performance of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in the identifi cation of dermatophytes directly from the clinical samples and the cultures.
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Conclusion & Impact:In conclusion, nPCR was considered to be useful in identifi cation of dermatophytosis from either direct clinical samples or culture-isolated strains.
🔬Design:Research Article
📍Scope:123 samples
⚙️Variables:Domain Parameters

Abstract

Dermatophytes are among the common causes of fungal infections in the community. Classical diagnostic tests for dermatophytosis have some disadvantages such as failure of direct microscopy in species differentiation and culture methods being time consuming and having low sensitivity. The aim of this study was to investigate the performance of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in the identifi cation of dermatophytes directly from the clinical samples and the cultures. A total of 123 samples that comprise 63 skin and 60 nail scrapings obtained from 110 patients (69 female, 41 male; age range: 4-82 years) who were prediagnosed as dermatophytosis, were included in the study. Samples were examined with routine direct microscopy, culture and two different nested PCR (nPCR) protocols. The fi rst was a pandermatophyte nPCR protocol targeting chitin synthase gene (CHS-1) of dermatophytes and the second was a nPCR protocol which targets specifi c ITS-1 genes of Trichophyton rubrum and T.mentagrophytes. Similar PCR methods were also applied to cultivated strains. Sequence analysis was performed for the samples that yielded positive results in pan-dermatophyte nPCR and negative results in T.rubrum/T. mentagrophytes - specifi c nPCR. Hyphae and/or spore structures were observed in 62 (50%) samples with direct microscopic examination and dermatophytes were isolated in 30 (24%) samples. Twentyeight of the isolates grown in culture were identifi ed as T.rubrum, and two as T.mentagrophytes with T.rubrum/T.mentagrophytes-specifi c nPCR protocol. In direct application, 67 (55%) of the clinical samples were found positive with pan-dermatophyte nPCR and 65 (53%) were positive with T.rubrum/T. mentagrophytes-specifi c nPCR. Samples which were negative in direct microscopic examination were also negative in culture. Nine of them were found positive with pan-dermatophyte nPCR and eight were positive with T.rubrum/T.mentagrophytes-specifi c nPCR. Two of the 30 samples which were positive in culture were negative in direct pan-dermatophyte nPCR, and one of them was negative in T.rubrum/T. mentagrophytes-specifi c nPCR. Three samples which were positive by pan-dermatophyte nPCR, gave negative result with T.rubrum/T.mentagrophytes-specifi c nPCR. Sequence analysis was performed for these three samples and all were identifi ed as T.rubrum. In evaluation of concordance between the methods, the agreement of direct microscopy and culture was moderate (kappa value; κ= 0.48), the agreement of direct microscopy and both protocols of nPCR was high (κ= 0.78) and the agreement of both nPCR protocols with each other was excellent (κ= 0.93). Our data indicated that two different nPCR methods used for the laboratory diagnosis of dermatophytosis yielded higher positivity in less time than the culture method. In conclusion, nPCR was considered to be useful in identifi cation of dermatophytosis from either direct clinical samples or culture-isolated strains.

Özet

Dermatofi tler toplumda sık görülen enfeksiyonlara yol açan mantarlardır. Dermatofi tozların tanısında kullanılan klasik yöntemlerden direkt mikroskopik incelemenin tür ayrımını yapamaması, kültürün ise uzun süre gerektirmesi ve duyarlılığının düşük olması gibi dezavantajları bulunmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, klinik örneklerden dermatofi tlerin saptanmasında ve kültürden izole edilen suşların tanımlanmasında polimeraz zincir reaksiyonu (PCR) yönteminin performansının araştırılması amaçlanmıştır. Çalışmaya, dermatofi toz ön tanısı konulan 110 hastaya (69 kadın, 41 erkek; yaş aralığı: 4-82 yıl) ait 63’ü deri ve 60’ı tırnak kazıntısı olmak üzere toplam 123 örnek alınmıştır. Örnekler, rutin direkt mikroskopi ve mantar kültürünün yanı sıra iki turlu (nested) PCR (nPCR) yöntemine dayalı iki ayrı protokol ile incelenmiştir. Birinci protokolde dermatofi tlerin kitin sentaz genini (CHS-1) hedefl eyen pan-dermatofi t nPCR; ikinci protokolde ise Trichophyton rubrum ve T. mentagrophytes’e özgül ITS-1 genlerini hedefl eyen primerlerin kullanıldığı nPCR uygulanmıştır. Kültürde üreyen suşlara da aynı şekilde PCR uygulanmıştır. Pan-dermatofi t nPCR’da pozitif, T.rubrum/T.mentagrophytes’e özgül nPCR ile negatif sonuç veren örnekler ayrıca dizi analizine alınmıştır. Çalışmamızda, örneklerin 62’sinde (%50) direkt mikroskopik incelemede hif ve/veya spor yapıları görülmüş, 30’unun (%24) kültüründe dermatofi t üremiştir. T.rubrum/T.mentagrophytes’e özgül nPCR ile kültürde üreyen izolatların 28’i T.rubrum, ikisi T.mentagrophytes olarak tanımlanmıştır. Direkt uygulamada klinik örneklerin 67’si (%55) pan-dermatofi t nPCR ile, 65’i (%53) ise T. rubrum/T. mentagrophytes’e özgül nPCR ile pozitif bulunmuştur. Direkt mikroskopide mantar elemanı görülmeyen örneklerin kültüründe de üreme olmamış, bu örneklerin dokuzu pan-dermatofi t nPCR, sekizi T. rubrum/T. mentagrophytes’e özgül nPCR ile pozitif sonuç vermiştir. Kültüründe dermatofi t üremesi olan 30 örneğin ikisi, direkt olarak uygulanan pan-dermatofi t nPCR ile, biri T.rubrum/T.mentagrophytes’e özgül nPCR ile negatif bulunmuştur. Pan-dermatofi t nPCR ile pozitif, T.rubrum/T.mentagrophytes’e özgül nPCR ile negatif sonuç veren üç örnekteki dermatofi t suşu dizi analizi ile T.rubrum olarak tanımlanmıştır. Yöntemler arasındaki uyum değerlendirildiğinde; direkt mikroskopi ve kültür arasında orta düzeyde (kappa değeri; κ=0.48), direkt mikroskopi ile pan-dermatofi t nPCR ve T.rubrum/T.mentagrophytes’e özgül nPCR arasında iyi düzeyde (κ=0.78), pan-dermatofi t nPCR ile T.rubrum/T.mentagrophytes’e özgül nPCR arasında mükemmel düzeyde uyum bulunmuştur (κ=0.93). Çalışmamızda dermatofi tozların laboratuvar tanısında kullanılmış olan iki farklı nPCR yöntemi, kültüre göre daha kısa sürede ve yüksek oranda pozitif sonuç vermiştir. Sonuç olarak, dermatofi tlerin gerek direkt klinik örneklerden gerekse kültürde üreme sonrası tanımlanmasında nPCR’nin yararlı olduğu düşünülmüştür.

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Cite This Article

TİRYAKİ, Y., GÜLTEKİN, B., EYİGÖR, M. K., AYDIN, N. (2015). The Use of Polymerase Chain Reaction in Laboratory Diagnosis of Dermatophytosis. Mikrobiyoloji Bülteni, Cilt: 49 - Sayı: 2, 201–209. https://ajindex.com/articles/298453

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