Journals / Mikrobiyoloji Bülteni / 2020 / Cilt: 54 - Sayı: 4

Evaluation of SARS-CoV-2 PCR Positive Cases in the Pediatric Emergency Department

Çocuk Acil Serviste SARS-CoV-2 PCR Pozitif Saptanan Olguların Değerlendirilmesi

Pages
629–937
DOI
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AI Summary & Key Takeaways

AI Insight
⚡ TL;DR(Too Long; Didn't Read)

There were no specific findings for COVID-19 positive patients in terms of laboratory and radiology.

📌 3 Key Takeaways

🎯
Objective & Hypothesis:In December 2019, a previously unknown type of coronavirus was detected in China and named as “severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2)”.
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Key Findings & Data:The World Health Organization has named the SARS-CoV-2 related as coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) and declared it as a pan-demic.
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Conclusion & Impact:There were no specific findings for COVID-19 positive patients in terms of laboratory and radiology.
🔬Design:Research Article
📍Scope:2019 Verileri
⚙️Variables:Domain Parameters

Abstract

In December 2019, a previously unknown type of coronavirus was detected in China and named as “severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2)”. The World Health Organization has named the SARS-CoV-2 related as coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) and declared it as a pan-demic. There is a limited data about the COVID-19 disease for the pediatric patients. In this study, it was aimed to evaluate the epidemiological, clinical, laboratory and radiologic findings, treatment and clinical outcomes of patients admitted to the pediatric emergency department with the suspicion of COVID-19. Between March 11 and June 16, 2020, patients aged between 1 month-18 years admitted to the pediatric emergency department and who have an indication for sampling for the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method with the suspicion of COVID-19 according to the current guidelines published by the Ministry of Health were included in the study. The demographic characteristics, symptoms, durations and the history of contact with the suspected/definite COVID-19 cases were questioned in the patients with positive results. Physical examination, laboratory and imaging data of the patients were recorded. According to clinical severity, patients were divided into five groups. Treatment methods, ward/intensive care unit admission, length of stay at hospital, and prognosis were recorded. Of the 237 patients included in the study, 45 (18.9%) of the samples were positive and 192 (81.1%) were negative. There was a history of contact with COVID-19 positive case in 38 (85.6%) of COVID-19 PCR positive patients. The mean time for onset of symptoms after contact was 3.5 ± 1.7 days. Twenty-one of the patients (46.6%) were asymptomatic and the most common symptom was fever (34.1%) and cough (27.3%). Of the patients whose laboratory tests were requested, lympho-penia wasdetected in 50% and 52.3% of procalcitonin, 23.5% of C-reactive protein and 64.7% of D-dimer values were found to be high. Chest radiography was obtained from 45.4% of the patients; 90.0% were evaluated as normal, bronchovascular change, pleural effusion and consolidation were detected in one of each (5.0%) patient. Thorax computed tomography (CT) was obtained from 4 (9.0%) patients. One patient had normal CT findings, two patients had consolidation, one patient had peripheral ground-glass appearance and one patient had pleural effusion. Antibiotics were started in 38.6% of the patients and the most commonly used antibiotic was azithromycin (34.1%). Oseltamivir was started in one (2.3%) patient, and 10 (24.7%) patients were treated with hydroxychloroquine. There were no serious and critical cases according to the clinical severity. Pediatric patients constitute a small part of COVID-19 individuals in the community, and a significant part of them are asymptom-atic, and patients who are symptomatic present with a mild clinic. In our study, most of the patients had a history of contact with COVID-19 positive cases, therefore, it should be questioned when eval-uating a pediatric patient. There were no specific findings for COVID-19 positive patients in terms of laboratory and radiology.

Özet

Aralık 2019 tarihinde Çin’de daha önce bilinmeyen bir koronavirüs türü saptanmış olup, “severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2)” olarak adlandırılmıştır. Dünya Sağlık Örgütü, SARS-CoV-2 ilişkili hastalığı “coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19)” olarak adlandırmış ve pandemi olarak ilan etmiştir. Çocuk hastalar ile ilgili veriler kısıtlıdır. Bu çalışmada, COVID-19 şüphesi ile çocuk acil servise başvuran ve tanı alan hastaların epidemiyolojik, klinik, laboratuvar ve görüntüleme bulguları ile tedavi ve klinik sonlanımlarının değerlendirilmesi amaçlanmıştır. 11 Mart 2020-16 Haziran 2020 tarihleri arasında, çocuk acil serviste, yaşları 1 ay-18 yaş arasında değişen ve Sağlık Bakanlığı tarafından yayımlanan güncel kılavuzlara göre, COVID-19 şüphesiyle polimeraz zincir reaksiyonu (PCR) yönte-mi için örnek alma endikasyonu olan hastalar çalışmaya dahil edilmiştir. Pozitif sonuçlanan hastaların demografik özellikleri, semptomları ve süreleri, COVID-19 şüpheli/kesin olgu ile temas öyküsü sorgu-lanmıştır. Hastaların fizik muayene bulguları, laboratuvar verileri, görüntüleme sonuçları kaydedilmiştir. Klinik ağırlığa göre hastalar beş gruba ayrılmıştır. Hastalara uygulanan tedavi yöntemleri, servis/yoğun bakım yatışı ve süreleri ile prognozları kaydedilmiştir. Çalışmaya toplam 237 hasta dahil edilmiş olup, alınan örneklerin 45 (%18.9)’i pozitif, 192 (%81.1)’si negatif saptanmıştır. COVID-19 PCR pozitif has-taların 38 (%85.6)’inde temas öyküsü saptanmıştır. Temas sonrası semptomların başlamasına kadar geçen süre ortalama 3.5 ± 1.7 gün olarak bulunmuştur. Hastaların 21 (%46.6)’i asemptomatik olup, semptomatik olanlarda en sık başvuru yakınmalarının ateş yüksekliği (%34.1) ve öksürük (%27.3) ol-duğu belirlenmiştir. Laboratuvar tetkiki istenen hastaların %50’sinde lenfopeni saptanmış, %52.3’ünde prokalsitonin, %23.5’inde C-reaktif protein, %64.7’sinde D-dimer değerleri yüksek bulunmuştur. Has-taların %45.4’ünden akciğer grafisi istenmiş, %90.0’ı normal sonuçla değerlendirilmiş, birer (%5.0) hastada olmak üzere bronkovasküler değişiklik, plevral efüzyon ve konsolidasyon gözlenmiştir. Toraks bilgisayarlı tomografisi (BT) istenen hasta sayısı 4 (%9.0) olup, bir hastanın BT’si normal saptanmış, iki hastada konsolidasyon, bir hastada periferik buzlu cam görünümü ve bir hastada plevral efüzyon izlen-miştir. Hastaların %38.6’sına antibiyotik başlanmış ve en sık kullanılan antibiyotik azitromisin (%34.1) olmuştur. Bir (%2,3) hastaya ise oseltamivir başlanmış, 10 (%22.7) hasta hidroksiklorokin ile tedavi edilmiştir. Klinik ağırlığa göre ciddi ve kritik olgu saptanmamıştır. Çocuk hastaların önemli bir bölümü asemptomatik seyretmekte, semptomatik olan hastalar da hafif klinik göstermektedir. Çoğu hastada temas öyküsü mevcuttur, bu nedenle hastayı değerlendirirken bu durum mutlaka sorgulanmalıdır. La-boratuvar ve radyolojik olarak COVID-19 pozitif hastalara özgül bir bulguya rastlanmamıştır.

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Cite This Article

ŞIK, N., ÖZLÜ, C., ASRAK, H. K., ERBAŞ, İ. C., GÜZİN, A. Ç., ATAKUL, G., ATAY, Ö., APPAK, Ö., SAYINER, A. A., UZUNER, N., ASİLSOY, S., BELET, N., YILMAZ, D., DUMAN, M. (2020). Evaluation of SARS-CoV-2 PCR Positive Cases in the Pediatric Emergency Department. Mikrobiyoloji Bülteni, Cilt: 54 - Sayı: 4, 629–937. https://ajindex.com/articles/298264

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