Journals / Nöropsikiyatri Arşivi / 2014 / Cilt: 51 - Sayı: 4

Erken evre parkinson hastalığında olfaktör disfonksiyon ve epizodik verbal bellek arasındaki ilişki

Relation between olfactory dysfunction and episodic verbal memory in early parkinson's disease

Pages
389–394
DOI
—
🏛️Bibliographic metadata and full text access for this article are provided via DergiPark.
DergiPark Record ↗
✨

AI Summary & Key Takeaways

AI Insight
⚡ TL;DR(Too Long; Didn't Read)

This different pattern might be indicating a subgroup of IPD characterized by low performance in episodic verbal memory, with accompanying olfactory dysfunction in the early stage.

📌 3 Key Takeaways

🎯
Objective & Hypothesis:Introduction: Olfactory dysfunction is an early and common symptom in idiopathic Parkinson’s disease (IPD).
📊
Key Findings & Data:Methods: In this study, we included 28 patients with stage 1 and stage 2 IPD according to the Hoehn-Yahr (H-Y) scale and 19 healthy participants.
💡
Conclusion & Impact:This different pattern might be indicating a subgroup of IPD characterized by low performance in episodic verbal memory, with accompanying olfactory dysfunction in the early stage.
🔬Design:Research Article
📍Scope:Comprehensive Sample
⚙️Variables:Domain Parameters

Abstract

Introduction: Olfactory dysfunction is an early and common symptom in idiopathic Parkinson’s disease (IPD). Recently, the relation between olfactory dysfunction and cognitive loss in IPD has been reported. In our study, we aimed to investigate the relation between olfactory dysfunction and cognitive impairments in early IPD related with this theory. Methods: In this study, we included 28 patients with stage 1 and stage 2 IPD according to the Hoehn-Yahr (H-Y) scale and 19 healthy participants. The University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test (UPSIT) was performed for evaluating olfactory function. For cognitive investigation in participants, the clock drawing test, Stroop test, verbal fluency test, Benton face recognition test (BFR), Benton line judgment orientation test (BLO), and Auditory Verbal Learning Test (AVLT) were performed. Results: We found significantly lower UPSIT scores in the patient group compared to controls (p=0.018). In the neuropsychological investigation, only Stroop test and BLOT test scores were significantly lower in the patient group compared to controls (p=0.003, p=0.002, respectively). We found a negative correlation between UPSIT scores and Stroop time (p=0.033) and Stroop error (p=0.037) and a positive correlation between UPSIT scores and SBST long-term memory scores (p=0.016) in patients. Conclusion: In our study, we found mild cognitive impairment related with visuospatial and executive functions in early-stage IPD compared to controls. But, in the patient group, we detected a different impairment pattern of memory and frontal functions that correlated with hyposmia. This different pattern might be indicating a subgroup of IPD characterized by low performance in episodic verbal memory, with accompanying olfactory dysfunction in the early stage.

Özet

Giriş: Olfaktör disfonksiyon, İdyopatik Parkinson Hastalığının (IPH) erken ve sık görülen bir semptomudur. Son zamanlarda, olfaktör disfonksiyon ile kognitif kayıp arasında ilişki olduğu bildirilmiştir. Çalışmamızda, bu teori ile ilişkili olarak, erken evre IPH’da olfaktör disfonksiyon ve kognitif bozukluklar arasındaki ilişkiyi araştırmayı amaçladık. Yöntem: Bu çalışmaya, Hoehn- Yahr (H-Y) evrelemesine göre evre 1 ve evre 2 IPH tanısı almış 28 hasta ve 19 sağlıklı birey dahil ettik. Olfaktör fonksiyonu değerlendirmek için University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test (UPSIT) uygulandı. Hastalarda kognitif fonksiyonu değerlendirmek için, Saat çizme testi, Stroop testi, verbal akıcılık testi, Benton face recognition testi (BFR), Benton line judgement orientation test (BLO), Sözel bellek süreçleri testi (SBST) uygulandı. Bulgular: Kontroller ile mukayese edildiğinde hasta grubunda UPSIT skorlarını anlamlı olarak daha düşük bulduk (p=0.018). Nöropsikolojik değerlendirmede sadece Stroop testi ve BLOT testi kontroller ile mukayese edildiğinde hasta grubunda anlamlı olarak daha düşüktü (sırasıyla p=0,003, p=0,002). UPSIT skorları ile Stroop zamanı ve Stroop hata skorları arasında negatif korelasyon (p=0,037), UPSIT skorları ile SBST uzun süreli bellek skorları arasında pozitif korelasyon bulduk. Sonuç: Çalışmamızda, daha önceki çalışmalardaki gibi, erken evre IPH’da vizyospasyal ve yürütücü fonksiyonlarla ilişkili hafif kognitif bozukluk saptadık. Fakat hasta grubunda hiposmi ile korele şekilde bellek ve frontal fonksiyonlarda farklı bir bozulma paterni saptadık. Bu farklı patern, IPH’ın erken döneminde koku bozukluğu eşliğinde epizodik verbal bellekte performans düşüklüğü görülmesi şeklinde bir alt gruba işaret ediyor olabilir.

🔖

Cite This Article

HANOĞLU, L., HAKYEMEZ, H. A., ÖZER, F., ÖZBEN, S., DEMİRCİ, S., AKARSU, E. O. (2014). Erken evre parkinson hastalığında olfaktör disfonksiyon ve epizodik verbal bellek arasındaki ilişki. Nöropsikiyatri Arşivi, Cilt: 51 - Sayı: 4, 389–394. https://ajindex.com/articles/289314

📄 Full Text PDF Viewer

📄

PDF görüntüleyici hazırlanıyor...

References (14)

  1. Haehner A, Hummel T, Reichmann H. Olfactory dysfunction as a diagnostic marker for Parkinson’s disease. Expert Rev Neurother 2009
  2. [CrossRef] 2.Stephenson R, Houghton D, Sundarararjan S, Doty RL, Stern M, Xie SX, et al. Odor identification deficits are associated with increa- sed risk of neuropsychiatric complications in Patients with Parkin- son’s disease. Mov Disord 2010
  3. [CrossRef] 3.Emre M. What causes mental dysfunction in Parkinson’s disease? Mov Disord 2003
  4. [CrossRef] 4.Ferrer I. Neuropathology and neurochemistry of nonmotor symptoms in Parkinson’s disease. Parkinsons Dis 2011
  5. 708404:1-13. [CrossRef] 5.Bohnen NI, Muller ML, Kotagal V, Koeppe RA, Kilbourn MA, Albin RL, Frey KA. Olfactory dysfunction, central cholinergic integrity and cognitive impairment in Parkinson’s disease. Brain 2010
  6. [CrossRef] 6.Postuma R, Gagnon JF. Cognition and olfaction in Parkinson’s dise- ase. Brain 2010
  7. [CrossRef] 7.Morley JF, Weintraub D, Mamikonyan E, Moberg PJ, Siderowf AD, Duda CE. Olfactory dysfunction is associated with neurops- ychiatric manifestations in Parkinson’s disease. Mov Disord 2011
  8. [CrossRef] 8.Damholdt MF, Borghammer P, Larsen L, Østergaard K. Odor iden- tification deficits identify Parkinson’s disease patients with poor cognitive performance. Mov Disord 2011
  9. [CrossRef] 9.Bohnen NI, Muller ML, Kotagal V, Koeppe RA, Kilbourn MA, Albin RL, Frey KA. Replay: Cognition and olfaction in Parkinson’s disea- se. Brain 2010
  10. [CrossRef] 10.Daniel SE, Lees AJ. Parkinson’s Disease Society Brain Bank, Lon- don: overview and research. J Neural Transm Suppl 1993
  11. Lang AET, Fahn S. Assessment of Parkinson’s disease in quanti- fication of neurological deficit. In: Munsat TL. Quantification of Neurologic Deficit. Boston: Butterworts, 1989
  12. Emre M, Aarsland D, Brown R, Burn DJ, Duyckaerts C, Mizuno Y, Broe GA, Cummings J, Dickson DW, Gauthier S, Goldman J, Goetz C, Korczyn A, Lees A, Levy R, Litvan I, McKeith I, Olanow W, Poewe W, Quinn N, Sampaio C, Tolosa E, Dubois B. Clinical Diagnostic Criteria for Dementia Associated with Parkinson’s Disease. Mov Disord 2007
  13. [CrossRef] 13.Doty RL, Shaman P, Dann M. Development of the University of Pennsyl- vania Smell Identification Test: a standardized microencapsulated test of olfactory function. Physiol Behav 1984
  14. [CrossRef] 14.Güngen C, Ertan T, Eker E, Yaşar R, Eng