Journals / Flora İnfeksiyon Hastalıkları ve Klinik Mikrobiyoloji Dergisi / 2021 / Cilt: 26 - Sayı: 1

Multiple Drug Resistance and Cost Analysis in Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections in Intensive Care Units: A Retrospective Study

Yoğun Bakım Ünitelerinde Gram-Negatif Bakteri İnfeksiyonlarında Çoklu İlaç Direnci ve Maliyet Analizi: Retrospektif Çalışma

Pages
142–150
DOI
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⚡ TL;DR(Too Long; Didn't Read)

Multiple drug resistant gram-negative bacterial infections increase antibiotic and total costs and length of stay in intensive care.

📌 3 Key Takeaways

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Objective & Hypothesis:Introduction: Gram-negative bacterial infections, pathogens with multiple drug resistance (MDR), are an important cause of morbidity and mortality in patients admitted to intensive care units (ICUs).
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Key Findings & Data:The aim of this study was to investigate the incidence of MDR in pathogens isolated from gram-neg-ative infections developing in patients followed-up in adult intensive care units in a tertiary hospital and to examine the relation between infections deriving from these and patient care costs.Materials and Methods: Two hundred and ninety-six adult patients diagnosed with hospital-acquired infection in the intensive care units of Ataturk University Faculty of Medicine hospital between 01.01.2016 and 31.03.2020 and with multiple drug resistant gram-negative bacteria growth were included into the study.
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Conclusion & Impact:Multiple drug resistant gram-negative bacterial infections increase antibiotic and total costs and length of stay in intensive care.
🔬Design:Research Article
📍Scope:2016 Verileri
⚙️Variables:Domain Parameters

Abstract

Introduction: Gram-negative bacterial infections, pathogens with multiple drug resistance (MDR), are an important cause of morbidity and mortality in patients admitted to intensive care units (ICUs). However, the economic costs of hospital-acquired infections caused by pathogens with MDR are uncertain. The aim of this study was to investigate the incidence of MDR in pathogens isolated from gram-neg-ative infections developing in patients followed-up in adult intensive care units in a tertiary hospital and to examine the relation between infections deriving from these and patient care costs.Materials and Methods: Two hundred and ninety-six adult patients diagnosed with hospital-acquired infection in the intensive care units of Ataturk University Faculty of Medicine hospital between 01.01.2016 and 31.03.2020 and with multiple drug resistant gram-negative bacteria growth were included into the study. Patient data were examined retrospectively from infection committee records. Patients with resistance in at least one out of three or more antibiotic groups were regarded as having MDR. Patients’ drug, service, and antibiotic costs were calculated from the hospital automation system.Results: Two hundred and ninety-six intensive care patients were included into the study. Patients’ mean age was 63.9 ± 17.0 years, and 52.0% (n= 96) were males. Mean length of hospital stay was 34.4 ± 30.5 days. Seventy-six percent (n= 225) of the patients followed-up in intensive care were intubated, urinary catheter was present in 84.8% (n= 251), central venous catheter in 63.5% (n= 188), and nasogastric catheter in 52.7% (n= 156). Agents identified in the first episode were multiple drug resistant in 81.4% (n= 241) of the cases. The most commonly isolated pathogen in ICU infections was Acinetobacter spp. (56.4%), while the least frequently isolated pathogen was Citrobacter (0.7%). A significant difference was observed between MDR distributions in Acinetobacter spp., Klebsiella spp., and Escherichia coli infections (p< 0.001). The mean total cost for patients with MDR was 32954.4 ± 50124.2 Turkish Lira, significantly higher than in the non-MDR group (p= 0.015). Conclusion: Multiple drug resistant gram-negative bacterial infections are very important both clinically and economically. Multiple drug resistant gram-negative bacterial infections increase antibiotic and total costs and length of stay in intensive care.

Özet

142Yoğun Bakım Ünitelerinde Gram-Negatif Bakteri İnfeksiyonlarında Çoklu İlaç Direnci ve Maliyet Analizi: Retrospektif ÇalışmaMultiple Drug Resistance and Cost Analysis in Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections in Intensive Care Units: A Retrospective StudyHandan ALAY1(İD), Sinan YILMAZ2(İD), Fatma KESMEZ CAN1(İD)1 Atatürk Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi, İnfeksiyon Hastalıkları ve Klinik Mikrobiyoloji Anabilim Dalı, Erzurum, Türkiye2 Atatürk Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi, Halk Sağlığı Anabilim Dalı, Erzurum, TürkiyeÖZGiriş: Çoklu ilaç direnci (ÇİD) olan patojenlere bağlı gram-negatif bakteri infeksiyonları yoğun bakım ünitelerinde yatan hastalar için önemli morbidite ve mortalite nedenidir. Ancak, ÇİD’e sahip patojenlerin neden olduğu hastane kaynaklı infeksiyonların ekonomik maliyetleri tam olarak anlaşılamamıştır. Bu çalışmada bir üçüncü basamak hastanenin erişkin yoğun bakım ünitelerinde takip edilmiş hastalarda gelişen gram-negatif bakteri infeksiyonlarından izole edilen patojenlerde ÇİD görülme sıklığı ve bunlardan kaynaklanan infeksiyonların hasta bakım maliyeti ile ilişkisinin araştırılması amaçlanmıştır.Materyal ve Metod: Atatürk Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Hastanesinin yoğun bakım ünitelerinde 01.01.2016-31.03.2020 tarihleri arasında hastane infeksiyonu tanısı ile takip edilen ve ÇİD olan gram-negatif bakteri üremesi olan erişkin 296 hasta çalışma kapsamına alındı. Hasta bilgileri infeksiyon komitesi kayıtları üzerinden retrospektif olarak değerlendirildi. Üç ya da daha fazla antibiyotik grubundan en az birine karşı direnç tespit edilen hastalar ÇİD olarak kabul edildi. Hastaların ilaç, tıbbi hizmet ve antibiyotik maliyetleri hastane otomasyon sistemi kayıtlarından hesaplandı.Bulgular: Çalışmaya 296 yoğun bakım hastası dahil edildi. Hastaların yaş ortalaması 63.9 ± 17.0 yıl ve %52’si (n= 154) erkekti. Vakaların hastanede ortalama yatış süresi 34.4 ± 30.5 gündü. Yoğun bakımda takip edilen hastaların %76’sı (n= 225) entübe ve %84.8’inde (n= 251) üriner kateter, %63.5’inde (n= 188) santral venöz kateter, %52.7’sinde (n= 156) nazogastrik sonda mevcuttu. Vakaların %81.4’ünde (n= 241) ilk epizodda saptanan patojenler ÇİD olan etkenlerdi. Yoğun bakım infeksiyonlarından en sık izole edilen patojen Acinetobacter türleri (%56.4) iken, en nadir olarak izole edilen patojenler ise Citrobacter (%0.7) türleri idi. Acinetobacter spp, Klebsiella spp. ve Escherichia coli’ye bağlı infeksiyonlardaki ÇİD varlığı anlamlı oranda yüksekti (p< 0.001). Çoklu ilaç direnci olan etkenlerle infekte olan hastaların toplam maliyet ortalaması 32954.4 ± 50124.2 TL idi ve ÇİD’si bulunmayan gruptan anlamlı düzeyde yüksekti (p= 0.015). Sonuç: Çoklu ilaç dirençli gram-negatif bakteri infeksiyonları hem klinik açıdan hem de ekonomik açıdan oldukça önemlidir. Çoklu ilaç direnci olan gram-negatif bakteri infeksiyonları antibiyotik maliyetini, toplam maliyetleri ve YBÜ’nde kalış süresini artırmaktadır.

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Cite This Article

ALAY, H., CAN, F. K., YILMAZ, S. (2021). Multiple Drug Resistance and Cost Analysis in Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections in Intensive Care Units: A Retrospective Study. Flora İnfeksiyon Hastalıkları ve Klinik Mikrobiyoloji Dergisi, Cilt: 26 - Sayı: 1, 142–150. https://ajindex.com/articles/224327

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