Journals / Psikiyatride Güncel Yaklaşımlar / 2013 / Cilt: 5 - Sayı: 3

Brain Regions and Neuropsychological Deficits in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

Obsesif Kompulsif Bozuklukta Nöropsikolojik Defisitlerin Beyin Bölgeleri İle İlişkisi

Pages
343–354
Publication Date
2013-09-01
DOI
—
🏛️Bibliographic metadata and full text access for this article are provided via DergiPark.
DergiPark Record ↗
✨

AI Summary & Key Takeaways

AI Insight
⚡ TL;DR(Too Long; Didn't Read)

In addition to the neuropsychological tests, using electrophysiological and advanced functional imaging techniques will put forward a better underlying the physiopathology of this disorder in order to show the more distinctive structural and functional impairments.

📌 3 Key Takeaways

🎯
Objective & Hypothesis:Neurobiological factors had been shown to play an important role in the emergence of obsessive-compulsive disorder by the information obtained from the methods developed over the years.
📊
Key Findings & Data:Excessive activation of the orbitofrontal cortex that mediate the behavioral response suppression function in obsessive-compulsive disorder demonstrated by functional imaging techniques.
💡
Conclusion & Impact:In addition to the neuropsychological tests, using electrophysiological and advanced functional imaging techniques will put forward a better underlying the physiopathology of this disorder in order to show the more distinctive structural and functional impairments.
🔬Design:Research Article
📍Scope:Comprehensive Sample
⚙️Variables:Obsesif kompulsif bozukluk · nöropsikoloji · beyin bölgeleri

Abstract

Neurobiological factors had been shown to play an important role in the emergence of obsessive-compulsive disorder by the information obtained from the methods developed over the years. According to the neuropsychological perspective, the defects had been detected mainly in executive functions, in attention, memory, visual-spatial functions; and abnormalities had been described in the frontal lobe, cingulate cortex, basal ganglia, and thalamus regions of the patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder. The main and the most repeated abnormalities in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder are dysfunctions in executive function and visual memory. Dysfunctions of the inhibitory processes associated with the dominant frontal area lead to an insufficiency on the inhibition of verbal functions. Excessive activation of the orbitofrontal cortex that mediate the behavioral response suppression function in obsessive-compulsive disorder demonstrated by functional imaging techniques. Repeated-resistant behaviors (eg: compulsions) are composed by the deteriorations of the inhibitions of motor or cognitive programs in basal ganglions provided through cycles of frontal lobe. The findings of clinical observations in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder could be considered as a reflection of excessive work in 'error detection system' which is the cause of the thoughts that something goes wrong and efforts to achieve perfection. As neurobiological, this finding is observed as excessive activity in orbitofrontal cortex and anterior cingulate cortex representing the ability of humans to provide and detect errors. İt is is expected to develop the vehicles that are more sensitive to the characteristics of cognitive deficits in obsessive-compulsive disorder. In addition to the neuropsychological tests, using electrophysiological and advanced functional imaging techniques will put forward a better underlying the physiopathology of this disorder in order to show the more distinctive structural and functional impairments.

Özet

Obsesif kompulsif bozukluğun ortaya çıkışında nörobiyolojik etkenlerin önemli rol oynadığı gösterilmiştir. Obsesif kompulsif bozukluğu olan hastalarda nöropsikolojik açıdan başlıca yürütücü işlevlerde olmak üzere dikkat, hafıza, görsel-mekansal işlevlerde kusurlar saptanmış, bu hastalarının frontal lob, singulat korteks, bazal ganglion ve talamus bölgelerinde anormallikler tanımlanmıştır. Obsesif kompulsif bozukluğu olan hastalarda başlıca ve en çok tekrarlanan anormallik yürütücü işlevler ve görsel bellekteki fonksiyon bozukluğudur. Obsesif kompulsif bozukluğu olan hastaların bir şeylerin yanlış gittiğine dair düşüncelerinin ve mükemmele ulaşma çabalarının nedeni 'hata saptama sisteminin' aşırı çalışmasının bir yansıması olabilir. Bu bulgunun nörobiyolojik karşılığı ise insanda hata saptama va sağlama yeteneğini temsil eden kortikal alanlar olan orbitofrontal korteks ve anterior singulat korteksteki aşırı aktivitenin varlığıdır. Yapısal ve fonksiyonel bozulmaların daha ayırt edici olarak gösterilebilmesi için nöropsikolojik testlere ek olarak elektrofizyolojik ve ileri fonksiyonel görüntüleme yöntemlerinin de kullanılması bu hastalığın altında yatan fizyopatolojinin daha iyi ortaya konulmasını sağlayacaktır.

🔖

Cite This Article

Öznur, T., Erdem, M., Akarsu, S. (2013). Brain Regions and Neuropsychological Deficits in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder. Psikiyatride Güncel Yaklaşımlar, Cilt: 5 - Sayı: 3, 343–354. https://ajindex.com/articles/217439

📄 Full Text PDF Viewer

📄

PDF görüntüleyici hazırlanıyor...

References (12)

  1. Tükel R. Obsesif kompulsif bozuklukta bilişsel işlevler. Turkiye Klinikleri J Psychiatry-Special Topics 2012; 5:43-48.
  2. Karaman D, Durukan İ, Erdem M. Çocukluk çağı başlangıçlı obsesif kompulsif bozukluk, Psikiyatride Güncel Yaklaşımlar 2011; 3:278-295
  3. Varma GS, Tümkaya S, Karadağ F. Obsesif kompulsif bozuklukta silik nörolojik belirtiler. Turkiye Klinikleri J Psychiatry-Special Topics 2012; 5:33-37.
  4. Trivedi JK, Dhyani M, Goel D, Sharma S, Singh AP, Sinha PK et al. Neurocognitive dysfunction in patients with obsessive compulsive disorder. Afr J Psychiatry 2008; 11:204-209.
  5. Modell JG, Mountz JM, Curtis GC, Greden JF. Neurophysiologic dysfunction in basal ganglia/limbic striatal and thalamocortical circuits as a pathogenetic mechanism of obsessive–compulsive disorder. J Neuropsychiatry Clin. Neurosci 1989; 1:27-36. Baxter LR. Functional imaging of brain systems mediating obsessive–compulsive disorder: clinical studies. In Neurobiology of Mental Illness (Eds DS Charney, EJ Nestler, BS Bunney):534-537.
  6. New York, Oxford University Press, 1999. Schwartz JM. A role of volition and attention in the generation of new brain circuitry: toward a neurobiology of mental force. Journal of Consciousness Studies 1999; 6:115-142.
  7. Chamberlaina SR, Blackwella AD, Finebergb NA, Robbinsc TW, Sahakiana BJ. The neuropsychology of obsessive compulsive disorder: the importance of failures in cognitive and behavioural inhibition as candidate endophenotypic markers. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2005; 29:399-419. Mesulam MM. Principles of Behavioral and Cognitive Neurology. New York, Oxford University Press, 2000.
  8. Şenormancı Ö, Konkan R, Güçlü OG, Sungur MZ. Obsesif kompulsif bozukluğun metakognitif modeli. Psikiyatride Güncel Yaklaşımlar 2012; 4:335-349.
  9. Yalçın Ö, Şener Ş, Sarıpınar EG, Soysal AŞ, Güney E, Sarı BA et al. Çocuk ve ergen obsesif-kompulsif bozukluk hastalarının bilişsel işlevlerinin kontrol grubuyla karşılaştırılması: geniş katılımlı nöropsikolojik bir çalışma. Nöropsikiyatri Arşivi 2012; 49:119-128. Işık E. Biyolojik Psikiyatri. İstanbul, Sigma Publishing, 2012.
  10. Del Casale A, Kotzalidis GD, Rapinesi C, Serata D, Ambrosi E, Simonetti A et al. Functional neuroimaging in obsessive-compulsive disorder. Neuropsychobiology 2011; 64:61-85.
  11. Martinez-Gonzalez AE, Piguersa-Rodriguez JA. Neuropsychological update on obsessive-compulsive disorder. Rev Neurol 2008; 46:618-625.
  12. Lacerda AL, Dalgalarrondo P, Caetano D, Camargo EE, Etchebehere EC, Soares JC. Elevated thalamic and prefrontal re