Journals / İzmir Dr. Behçet Uz Çocuk Hastanesi Dergisi / 2012 / Cilt: 2 - Sayı: 3

A rare chronic progressive leukoencephalopathy of childhood: Two newborn cases with vanishing white matter disease

Çocukluk çağının ender kronik ilerleyici lökoensefalopatisi: Kaybolan beyaz cevher hastalıklı iki yenidoğan olgusu

Pages
170–176
DOI
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AI Summary & Key Takeaways

AI Insight
⚡ TL;DR(Too Long; Didn't Read)

Here we present two premature infants with unexplained comatose state and severe neurological symptoms whose cerebral imaging studies were indicative of rarefaction and cystic degeneration of the cerebral white matter, and particularly emphasize on the differential diagnosis and the importance of cerebral imaging studies in the newborn period.

📌 3 Key Takeaways

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Objective & Hypothesis:Vanishing white matter disease, which is one of the most prevalent inherited childhood leukoencephalopathies, has an extremely wide phenotypic variation.
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Key Findings & Data:The classical phenotype is characterized by early childhood onset of chronic neurological deterioration, dominated by cerebellar ataxia.
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Conclusion & Impact:Here we present two premature infants with unexplained comatose state and severe neurological symptoms whose cerebral imaging studies were indicative of rarefaction and cystic degeneration of the cerebral white matter, and particularly emphasize on the differential diagnosis and the importance of cerebral imaging studies in the newborn period.
🔬Design:Research Article
📍Scope:Comprehensive Sample
⚙️Variables:Domain Parameters

Abstract

Vanishing white matter disease, which is one of the most prevalent inherited childhood leukoencephalopathies, has an extremely wide phenotypic variation. The classical phenotype is characterized by early childhood onset of chronic neurological deterioration, dominated by cerebellar ataxia. However cases with antenatal onset, severe clinical course in the neonatal period and early demise have been also defined in the literature. Almost all diagnosed newborns present with rapid neurological deterioration and unexplained coma soon after birth. Other symptoms include feeding intolerance, hypotonia, seizures, apnea and severe respiratory distress. The exact pathogenesis is not known. Cerebral magnetic resonance imaging and spectroscopy are diagnostic. Differential diagnosis is difficult in the neonatal period and the disease may be misdiagnosed as hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy, congenital infections and inborn errors of metabolism. Here we present two premature infants with unexplained comatose state and severe neurological symptoms whose cerebral imaging studies were indicative of rarefaction and cystic degeneration of the cerebral white matter, and particularly emphasize on the differential diagnosis and the importance of cerebral imaging studies in the newborn period.

Özet

Çocukluk çağının en yaygın kalıtımsal lökoensefalopatilerinden biri olan kaybolan beyaz cevher hastalığı oldukça geniş bir fenotipik varyasyona sahiptir. Klasik fenotipi, serebellar ataksinin baskın olduğu, erken çocukluk döneminde başlayan kronik nörolojik bozulma ile karakterizedir. Ancak, literatürde antenatal başlangıç gösteren, yenidoğan döneminde ağır klinik seyir ve erken ölümle sonuçlanan olgular da tanımlanmıştır. Tanı alan yenidoğanların hemen tümü doğumdan hemen sonra beliren hızlı nörolojik bozulma ve nedeni açıklanamayan koma ile kliniğe yansırlar. Diğer bulgular arasında beslenme intoleransı, hipotoni, nöbetler, apne ve ağır solunum sıkıntısı yer alır. Kesin patogenez bilinmemektedir. Serebral manyetik rezonans görüntüleme ve spektroskopi tanısaldır. Yenidoğan döneminde ayırıcı tanı güçtür ve hastalık sıklıkla hipoksik iskemik ensefalopati, konjenital infeksiyonlar ve doğumsal metabolizma hastalıkları ile karışır. Burada açıklanamayan koma tablosu ve ağır nörolojik bulguları olan ve serebral görüntüleme çalışmalarında beyaz cevherde hacim kaybı ve kistik dejenerasyon tespit edilen iki prematüre infant, özellikle yenidoğan döneminde ayırıcı tanıya ve görüntüleme çalışmalarının önemine vurgu yapılarak sunulmuştur.

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Cite This Article

OLUKMAN, Ö., ÇALKAVUR, Ş., KAYA, F. K., OKUR, D., ATLIHAN, F., ÜNALP, A. (2012). A rare chronic progressive leukoencephalopathy of childhood: Two newborn cases with vanishing white matter disease. İzmir Dr. Behçet Uz Çocuk Hastanesi Dergisi, Cilt: 2 - Sayı: 3, 170–176. https://ajindex.com/articles/216316

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