Journals / JAREM / 2014 / Cilt: 4 - Sayı: 3

Malignant Infantile Osteopetrosis: A Case Report

Malign İnfantil Osteopetrozis: Olgu Sunumu

Journal
JAREM
Pages
121–124
DOI
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AI Summary & Key Takeaways

AI Insight
⚡ TL;DR(Too Long; Didn't Read)

Early diagnosis and treatment can prevent the harm of hearing and vision senses and the development of neurological damage of the patient.

📌 3 Key Takeaways

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Objective & Hypothesis:Malignant infantile osteopetrosis (MIOP) is a rare inherited genetic disease that is clinically and genetically heterogenic, characterized by increased bone density, and the symptoms may be seen in very early childhood.
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Key Findings & Data:The increased bone density narrows the medullary cavity, resulting in extramedullary hematopoiesis, causing hepatosplenomegaly, anemia, and trombocytopenia.
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Conclusion & Impact:Early diagnosis and treatment can prevent the harm of hearing and vision senses and the development of neurological damage of the patient.
🔬Design:Research Article
📍Scope:Comprehensive Sample
⚙️Variables:Domain Parameters

Abstract

Malignant infantile osteopetrosis (MIOP) is a rare inherited genetic disease that is clinically and genetically heterogenic, characterized by increased bone density, and the symptoms may be seen in very early childhood. The increased bone density narrows the medullary cavity, resulting in extramedullary hematopoiesis, causing hepatosplenomegaly, anemia, and trombocytopenia. Sclerosing skeletal obstruction can cause cranial nerve compression and hearing and vision loss. It results in a tendency toward infections and a delay in growth and development. Therefore, especially the autosomal recessive forms show a fatal course. Along with the use of steroid, calcitriol, vitamin D, erythropoietin, and interferon gamma for the treatment, the definitive therapy is hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. In this case report, a female patient who we diagnosed with malignant ınfantile osteopetrosis after examination for 2 months due to hepatosplenomegaly, anemia, thrombocytopenia, and growth failure is presented. A 2-month-old female infant was admitted with complaints of vomiting and failure to gain weight. The physical examination revealed hepatomegaly, with the liver noted to be 4 cm, and splenomegaly, with the spleen noted to be 2-3 cm. The patient had a typical facial appearance with forehead protrusion, hypertelorism, and nystagmus. Her weight was below the 3rd percentile, her height was below the 3rd percentile, and the head circumference of the patient was in the 25th-50th percentile. A peripheral blood smear was observed with nucleated red cells, granulocytes precursors, and teardrop-shaped red blood (leukoerythroblastosis). Bone x-rays were normal, but pathognomonic osteopetrosis "glasses findings" were revealed after 10 days. All bone density increases due to excessive osteosclerosis at the distinction between the medulla and cortex were observed to disappear. Bone marrow aspiration showed hypocellular bone marrow. Bone marrow biopsy findings were diagnosed with osteopetrosis. After the case was diagnosed, a hematopoietic stem cell transplantation was made in a specialized center. Follow-up still continues.Malignant infantile osteopetrosis is a rare inherited genetic disease that is seen more than the known incidence in our country because of the high rates in-kin marriage. Even if the radiological findings do not start like how it was with our patient, if we are thinking about this sickness, we should repeat the radiological findings. Early diagnosis and treatment can prevent the harm of hearing and vision senses and the development of neurological damage of the patient.

Özet

Malign İnfantil Osteopetrozis (MİOP); yaşamın erken dönemlerinde bulgu veren, kemik dansitesinin artışıyla karakterize, klinik ve genetik olarak heterojen nadir bir hastalıktır. Kemik dansitesinin artışı medüller kaviteyi daraltarak ekstramedüller hematopoez ve buna bağlı olarak hepatosplenomegali, anemi ve trombositopeniye yol açar. Skleroze kemik yapının obstrüksiyonu sonucu kraniyal sinirlerde bası, görme ve işitme kaybı görülür. Büyüme gelişme geriliğine ve enfeksiyonlara yatkınlığa yol açar. Bu nedenlerle özellikle otozomal resesif formları ölümcül seyreder. Tedavide steroid, kalsitriol, D vitamini, eritropoetin, gamma interferon kullanılmakla birlikte kesin tedavisi hematopoetik kök hücre transplantasyonudur.Bu yazıda; iki aylık hepatosplenomegali, anemi, trombositopeni, büyüme geriliği nedeniyle tetkik edip Malign İnfantil Osteopetrozis tanısı koyduğumuz kız hastayı sunduk. İki aylık kız bebek kusma, kilo alamama şikayetleriyle başvurdu. Fizik muayenesinde vücut ağırlığı <3p, boy 3p, baş çevresi 25-50 p, alın çıkık ve belirgin, hipertelorizm ve nistagmus mevcuttu. Midklaviküler hatta karaciğer kot altı 4 cm, dalak 2-3 cm palpabldı. Periferik kan yaymasında çekirdekli eritrositlerle birlikte granülosit prekürsörleri ve gözyaşı şeklinde eritrositler görüldü (lökoeritroblastozis). Kemik grafileri normal iken, 10 gün sonra osteopetrozis için patognomonik kabul edilen "gözlük bulgusu" izlendi. Tüm kemiklerde aşırı osteoskleroza bağlı dansite artışı bulunduğu ve korteks- medulla ayrımının kaybolduğu gözlendi. Kemik iliği aspirasyonunda hiposellüler kemik iliği görüldü. Kemik iliği biyopsisi bulguları ile osteopetrozis tanısı kondu. Olguya özel bir merkezde hematopoetik kök hücre transplantasyonu yapıldı. Takibi sürmektedir. Malign infantil osteopetrozis nadir bir genetik hastalık olup, ülkemizdeki akraba evliliği oranının yüksekliği nedeniyle bilinen insidansından daha fazla görülmektedir. Erken tanı ve tedavi ile hastanın görme-işitme duyularının zarar görmesi ve nörolojik hasar önlenmiş olur.

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Cite This Article

GÜLEÇ, S. G., OCAK, S., ÇETİNÇELİK, Ü., KÖSE, G., YILDIRMAK, Z. Y. (2014). Malignant Infantile Osteopetrosis: A Case Report. JAREM, Cilt: 4 - Sayı: 3, 121–124. https://ajindex.com/articles/210972

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