SavedAdd your journal

Journals / Elektronik Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi / 2026 / Cilt: 25 Sayı: 4

Examining the Impact of Job Insecurity on Psychological Resilience and Well-being: A Study on Tourist Guides

İş Güvencesizliğinin, Psikolojik Dayanıklılık ve Esenlik Üzerindeki Etkisinin İncelenmesi: Turist Rehberleri Üzerine Bir Araştırma

Engin Aytekin(AFYON KOCATEPE UNIVERSITY)0000-0002-0296-7368
Pages
683–706
Publication Date
2026-10-29
🏛️Bibliographic metadata and full text access for this article are provided via DergiPark.
DergiPark Record ↗
✨

AI Summary & Key Takeaways

AI Insight
⚡ TL;DR(Too Long; Didn't Read)

Findings reveal that guides experience insecurity in a multi-layered pattern encompassing seasonality, economic crises, and institutional-legal deficiencies.

📌 3 Key Takeaways

🎯
Objective & Hypothesis:This study examines the perceptions of job insecurity, experiences of psychological resilience, and psychological well-being among professional tourist guides operating in Türkiye through a qualitative lens.
📊
Key Findings & Data:Adopting a phenomenological design, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 23 tourist guides, and the data were analyzed using Braun and Clarke’s (2006) reflexive thematic analysis.
💡
Conclusion & Impact:Findings reveal that guides experience insecurity in a multi-layered pattern encompassing seasonality, economic crises, and institutional-legal deficiencies.
🔬Design:Araştırma Makalesi
📍Scope:2006 Verileri
⚙️Variables:Turist rehberleri · iş güvencesizliği · psikolojik dayanıklılık

Abstract

This study examines the perceptions of job insecurity, experiences of psychological resilience, and psychological well-being among professional tourist guides operating in Türkiye through a qualitative lens. Adopting a phenomenological design, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 23 tourist guides, and the data were analyzed using Braun and Clarke’s (2006) reflexive thematic analysis. Three main themes emerged: Job Insecurity Experience, Psychological Resilience Processes, and Effects on Psychological Well-being. Findings reveal that guides experience insecurity in a multi-layered pattern encompassing seasonality, economic crises, and institutional-legal deficiencies. Resilience processes are shaped by active coping strategies, including occupational diversification, proactive network management, and self-care practices. Passion for the profession and a sense of meaning emerged as the strongest resilience resources. The study demonstrates that the relationship among job insecurity, resilience, and well-being is not linear but multi-layered.

Özet

Bu araştırma, Türkiye'de görev yapan profesyonel turist rehberlerinin iş güvencesizliği algılarını, psikolojik dayanıklılık deneyimlerini ve psikolojik iyi oluş düzeylerini nitel bir perspektifle incelemeyi amaçlamaktadır. Fenomenolojik desen benimsenerek 23 turist rehberiyle yarı yapılandırılmış görüşmeler gerçekleştirilmiş ve veriler Braun ve Clarke’nin (2006) refleksif tematik analiz yöntemiyle çözümlenmiştir. Analiz sonucunda üç ana tema belirlenmiştir: İş Güvencesizliği Deneyimi, Psikolojik Dayanıklılık Süreçleri ve Psikolojik İyi Oluş Üzerindeki Etkiler. Bulgular, rehberlerin güvencesizliği mevsimsellik, ekonomik krizler ve kurumsal-yasal yetersizlikler olmak üzere çok katmanlı bir örüntüde deneyimlediklerini ortaya koymaktadır. Psikolojik dayanıklılık süreçleri; mesleki çeşitlendirme, proaktif network yönetimi ve öz bakım pratiklerini kapsayan aktif başa çıkma stratejileriyle şekillenmektedir. Mesleğe duyulan sevgi ve anlam duygusu en güçlü dayanıklılık kaynakları olarak belirlenmiştir. Araştırma, iş güvencesizliği, dayanıklılık ve iyi oluş arasındaki ilişkinin doğrusal değil de çok katmanlı bir yapıya sahip olduğunu ortaya koymaktadır

🔖

Cite This Article

Aytekin, E. (2026). Examining the Impact of Job Insecurity on Psychological Resilience and Well-being: A Study on Tourist Guides. Elektronik Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, Cilt: 25 Sayı: 4, 683–706. https://doi.org/10.17755/esosder.1946491

📄 Full Text PDF Viewer

📄

PDF görüntüleyici hazırlanıyor...

References (68)

  1. Abdou, A. H., El-Amin, A. A., Mohammed, A. A., Alboray, T. F., Refai, M. Y., Almakhayitah, M. H., Albohnayh, M. F., Alismail, D. A., Almulla, G. A., Alsaqer, B. F., Mahmoud, H. M. E., Elshazly, H. M., & Allam, Z. (2024). Work stress, work-family conflict, and psychological distress among resort employees: A JD-R model and spillover theory perspectives. Frontiers in Psychology, 15, 1328388. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1326181
  2. Abouelenien, R. E. I., Abd-Elhady, M. H., Hussien, I. M., & Hashad, M. E. (2024). The effect of job insecurity on employees' job performance in the hospitality and tourism industry: The role of work alienation. Journal of the Faculty of Tourism and Hotels-University of Sadat City, 8(1/1), 1–20.
  3. Aguiar-Quintana, T., Nguyen, T. H. H., Araujo-Cabrera, Y., & Sanabria-Díaz, J. M. (2021). Do job insecurity, anxiety and depression caused by the COVID-19 pandemic influence hotel employees' self-rated task performance? The moderating role of employee resilience. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 94, 102868. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhm.2021.102868
  4. Ak, S., Araboğa, Y., & Eban, F. (2025). Psikolojik dayanıklılığın kariyer uyum yeteneklerine etkisinde bireysel yenilikçiliğin aracı rolü: Turizm öğrencileri örneği. Dumlupınar Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 85, 355–379. https://doi.org/10.51290/dpusbe.1688524
  5. Akçin, K. (2023). The mediating effect of psychological resilience in the impact of increasing job insecurity with the pandemic, on organizational commitment and turnover intention. Kybernetes, 52(7), 2416–2430. https://doi.org/10.1108/K-08-2022-1126
  6. Akkuş, G., & Arslan, A. (2023). Work-related stress experienced by tourist guides. Turyzm/Tourism, 33(2), 95–110. https://doi.org/10.18778/0867-5856.33.2.08
  7. Alrawadieh, D. D., & Dinçer, M. (2021). Emotional labor, quality of work life, and life satisfaction of tourist guides: The mediating role of burnout. Journal of Tourism Leisure and Hospitality, 3(2), 118–128. http://dx.doi.org/10.48119/toleho.936766
  8. Alrawadieh, Z., Demirdelen Alrawadieh, D., Olya, H. G., Erkol Bayram, G., & Kahraman, O. C. (2022). Sexual harassment, psychological well-being, and job satisfaction of female tourist guides: The effects of social and organizational support. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 30(7), 1639–1657.
  9. American Psychological Association. (2020). Resilience: Protective and risk factors. In APA Dictionary of Psychology. https://doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2021.1879819
  10. Ap, J., & Wong, K. K. F. (2001). Case study on tour guiding: Professionalism, issues and problems. Tourism Management, 22(5), 551–563. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0261-5177(01)00013-9
  11. Bai, N., Yan, Z., & Othman, R. (2023). The moderating effect of perceived organizational support: The impact of psychological capital and bidirectional work-family nexuses on psychological well-being in tourism. Frontiers in Psychology, 14, 1064632. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1064632
  12. Baum, T. (2015). Human resources in tourism: Still waiting for change?—A 2015 reprise. Tourism Management, 50, 204–212. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2015.02.001
  13. Baum, T., & Szivas, E. (2008). HRD in tourism: A role for government? Tourism Management, 29(4), 783–794. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2007.09.002
  14. Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2006). Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qualitative Research in Psychology, 3(2), 77–101. https://doi.org/10.1191/1478088706qp063oa
  15. Braun, V. and Clarke, V. (2021). Thematic Analysis: A Practical Guide. Sage, London.
  16. Block, J., & Kremen, A. M. (1996). IQ and ego-resiliency: Conceptual and empirical connections and separateness. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 70(2), 349–361.
  17. Büyüktepe, H. S., Gökdemir, S., & Korkmaz, H. (2020). Turist rehberlerinin sorunları üzerine nitel bir araştırma: Çanakkale örneği. Journal of Travel and Tourism Research, 14(14), 94-117. https://izlik.org/JA28TX44BW
  18. Candar, P., Mutlu Bayın, D., & Aksöz, E. O. (2026). Turist deneyimi, iyi oluş ve davranışsal niyet: Rus ve Alman turistlerin perspektifi. Güncel Turizm Araştırmaları Dergisi, 10(1), 302–324. https://doi.org/10.32572/guntad.1770368
  19. Cicchetti D, Garmezy N. (1993). Prospects and promises in the study of resilience. Development and Psychopathology. 5(4):497-502. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0954579400006118
  20. Creswell, J. W. (2013). Qualitative inquiry and research design: Choosing among five approaches (3rd ed.). SAGE Publications.
  21. Çalışkan, N., & Özkoç, A. G. (2020). Turizm sektöründe algılanan iş güvencesizliği ve istihdam edilebilirlik: Konaklama işletmeleri örneği. Alanya Akademik Bakış, 4(3), 683–711. https://doi.org/10.29023/alanyaakademik.684097
  22. Çelik, Y. (2024). Turist rehberlerinin bilinçli farkındalık düzeyleri ile psikolojik dayanıklılıkları arasındaki ilişkinin belirlenmesine yönelik bir araştırma [Unpublished master's thesis]. Balıkesir Üniversitesi.
  23. Çetin, F., Yeloğlu, H. O., & Basım, H. N. (2015). Psikolojik dayanıklılığın açıklanmasında beş faktör kişilik özelliklerinin rolü: Bir kanonik ilişki analizi. Türk Psikoloji Dergisi, 30(75), 81–95.
  24. Darvishmotevali, M., & Ali, F. (2020). Job insecurity, subjective well-being, and job performance: The moderating role of psychological capital. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 87, 102462. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhm.2020.102462
  25. De Witte, H. (1999). Job insecurity and psychological well-being: Review of the literature and exploration of some unresolved issues. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 8(2), 155–177. https://doi.org/10.1080/135943299398302
  26. Demirdelen Alrawadieh, D., & Alrawadieh, Z. (2022). Perceived organizational support and well-being of tourist guides: The mediating effects of quality of work life. International Journal of Tourism Research, 24(3), 413–424. https://doi.org/10.1002/jtr.2511
  27. Demirel, N., Çokal, Z., & Keskin, B. (2022). The effect of the pandemic on the performance of tourist guides and the practice of their professions: A qualitative study in the Cappadocia region. Anemon Muş Alparslan Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 10(1), 57–70. https://doi.org/10.18506/anemon.1003040
  28. Demirović Bajrami, D., Petrović, M. D., Sekulić, D., Radovanović, M. M., Blešić, I., Vuksanović, N., & Tretiakova, T. N. (2022). Significance of the work environment and personal resources for employees' well-being at work in the hospitality sector. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(23), 16165. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192316165
  29. Diener, E., Kesebir, P., & Lucas, R. (2008). Benefits of accounts of well-being—For societies and for psychological science. Applied Psychology, 57, 37–53.
  30. Dönmez, F. G., Gürlek, M., & Karatepe, O. M. (2024). Does work-family conflict mediate the effect of psychological resilience on tourist guides' happiness? International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 36(9), 2932–2954. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJCHM-01-2023-0077
  31. Dündar, İ. (2025). Turist rehberlerinde iş yükü algısı, iş stresi, psikolojik dayanıklılık ve psikolojik iyi olma hâli (well-being) ilişkisi [Unpublished master's thesis]. Tokat Gaziosmanpaşa Üniversitesi.
  32. Elshaer, I. A. (2024). Come and gone! Psychological resilience and organizational resilience in tourism industry post COVID-19 pandemic: The role of life satisfaction. Sustainability, 16(2), 939. https://doi.org/10.3390/su16020939
  33. Elshaer, I. A., & Azazz, A. M. (2023). Mental health of tourism employees post COVID-19 pandemic: A test of antecedents and moderators. European Journal of Investigation in Health, Psychology and Education, 13(3), 626–641. https://doi.org/10.3390/ejihpe13030048
  34. Gharbi, H., Sobaih, A. E. E., & Aliane, N. (2025). Job insecurity, psychological safety, work alienation, and anxiety in the hotel industry: A moderated-mediated analyses. Frontiers in Psychology, 16, 1615426. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1615426
  35. Gössling, S., Scott, D., & Hall, C. M. (2020). Pandemics, tourism and global change: A rapid assessment of COVID-19. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 29(1), 1–20. https://doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2020.1758708
  36. Greenhalgh, L., & Rosenblatt, Z. (1984). Job insecurity: Toward conceptual clarity. Academy of Management Review, 9(3), 438–448. https://doi.org/10.2307/258284
  37. Gümüş, G., & Şahbaz, R. P. (2024). Profesyonel turist rehberlerinin pandemi sürecinde işini kaybetme kaygısının iş performansına etkisi. Journal of Tourism & Gastronomy Studies, 11(4), 2830–2854. https://doi.org/10.21325/jotags.2023.1320
  38. Hobfoll, S. E. (1989). Conservation of resources: A new attempt at conceptualizing stress. American Psychologist, 44(3), 513–524. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.44.3.513
  39. Huang, S., Hsu, C. H. C., & Chan, A. (2010). Tourist guide performance and tourist satisfaction: A study of the package tours in Shanghai. Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Research, 34(1), 3–33. https://doi.org/10.1177/1096348009349815
  40. International Labour Organization. (2020). COVID-19 and the world of work: Impact and policy responses (ILO Brief).
  41. Işık, Ş. (2016). Psikolojik dayanıklılık ölçeğinin geliştirilmesi: Geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması. The Journal of Happiness & Well-Being, 4(2), 165–182.
  42. İnci, T., & Bozkurt, Ö. (2010). İş güvencesizliği algısının psikolojik iyi oluş ve etik olmayan davranışlar üzerindeki etkisinin incelenmesi. Çalışma İlişkileri Dergisi, 16(2), 39–64.
  43. Jiang, Y., Huang, L., Guo, Y., Yang, Q., Li, H., Zhou, H., & Wu, K. (2023). The relationship between fear of COVID-19 and psychological distress in tourist guides: The mediating role of job insecurity and the moderating role of psychological resilience. Psychology Research and Behavior Management, 3107–3119. https://doi.org/10.2147/PRBM.S417296
  44. Karaca, Ş., & Tağraf, T. (2021). Unutulmaz turizm deneyiminin psikolojik iyi oluşa etkisinin incelenmesi. ARHUSS, 4(2), 153–168. https://doi.org/10.54186/arhuss.960380
  45. Karagöz, H. (2024). Algılanan iş güvencesizliği psikolojik dayanıklılığı etkiler mi? Ampirik bir çalışma. Akademik Birikim Dergisi, 7(1), 188–200. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10900577
  46. Katlav, E. Ö., Çetin, B., & Perçin, N. Ş. (2021). Turist rehberlerinin iş güvencesizliği algılarının tükenmişlik düzeyleri üzerindeki etkisi. Seyahat ve Otel İşletmeciliği Dergisi, 18(1), 37–55. https://doi.org/10.24010/soid.809985
  47. Kırıcı Tekeli, E., Tekeli, M., & Özkoç, A. G. (2021). Mesleki özdeşleşmenin psikolojik dayanıklılığa etkisinde öz yeterliliğin aracı rolü: Turist rehberlerine yönelik bir uygulama. Turizm Akademik Dergisi, 8(1), 263–279. https://izlik.org/JA93FR26CU
  48. Knudson, C. M., & Rose, J. N. (2025). "Guiding as a profession and guiding as a way of being do not always align": Exploring health care access, resilience and subjective well-being of nature-based tourism guides in the western United States. Journal of Outdoor Recreation and Tourism, 51, 100917. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jort.2025.100917
  49. Li, Y., Yu, Q., Zou, Y., Zhang, J., & Liao, J. (2025). From work resources to safety performance: Tourist guides' job burnout and personality profiles matter. Current Issues in Tourism, 28(9), 1445–1461.
  50. Lincoln, Y. S., & Guba, E. G. (1985). Naturalistic inquiry. SAGE Publications. https://doi.org/10.1080/13683500.2024.2339958
  51. Luthans, F., Youssef, C. M., & Avolio, B. J. (2007). Psychological capital: Developing the human competitive edge. Oxford University Press.
  52. Martela, F. (2026). What is positive psychological functioning? The Journal of Positive Psychology, 21(2), 207–224. https://doi.org/10.1080/17439760.2025.2498130
  53. Memnun, S. (2006). Algılanan esenlik ölçeğinin (Perceived Wellness Scale) geçerlilik ve güvenilirlik çalışması ve beden eğitimi öğretmenlerinin esenlik algıları [Unpublished master's thesis]. Marmara Üniversitesi.
  54. Oğuz, Y. E., Yılmaz, B., & Yılmaz, V. (2022). Turist rehberlerinin iş güvencesizliklerinin meslekten ayrılma niyetlerine etkisinde koronavirüs algılarının aracılık rolü. Yönetim, Ekonomi ve Pazarlama Araştırmaları Dergisi, 6(4), 183–200. https://doi.org/10.29226/tr1001.2022.301
  55. Onan, G., Turhan, M., & Helvacı, İ. (2021). Psikolojik dayanıklılık, çalışan dayanıklılığı, örgütsel dayanıklılık ile iş tatmini arasındaki ilişkiler: Hizmet sektörü üzerine bir araştırma. İşletme Araştırmaları Dergisi, 13(4), 3277–3292. https://doi.org/10.20491/isarder.2021.1322
  56. Özbey, H., & Zorlu, Ö. (2025). Turist rehberliğinde mesleki sorunlar: Afyonkarahisar örneği. Turist Rehberliği Dergisi (TURED), 8(1), 81–95. https://doi.org/10.34090/tured.1722697
  57. Patton, M. Q. (2002). Qualitative research and evaluation methods (3rd ed.). SAGE Publications.
  58. Pelagi, E., Del Piero, L. B., Gini, G., Lajiness-O'Neill, R., & Leuenberger, E. (2025). Social, emotional, and personality factors shape four psychological well-being profiles: A clustering approach in young adults with affinity propagation algorithm. PLoS ONE. https://doi.org/10.1111/aphw.70072
  59. Pires, M. L. (2025). The effects of job insecurity on psychological well-being and work engagement: Testing a moderated mediation model. Behavioral Sciences, 15(7), 979. https://doi.org/10.3390/bs15070979
  60. Saltık, Z., & Kızılırmak, İ. (2020). Profesyonel turist rehberlerinde stres yönetimi ve psikolojik dayanıklılığın ölçülmesi. Seyahat ve Otel İşletmeciliği Dergisi, 17(1), 53–70. https://doi.org/10.24010/soid.713557
  61. Seyitoğlu, F., Atsız, O., & Akyüz, M. (2024). The post-pandemic era tourist guiding: Evidence from professional tourist guides. Current Issues in Tourism, 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1080/13683500.2024.2376889
  62. Sverke, M., Hellgren, J., & Näswall, K. (2002). No security: A meta-analysis and review of job insecurity and its consequences. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 7(3), 242–264. https://doi.org/10.1037/1076-8998.7.3.242
  63. Tellioğlu, S. (2020). İş güvencesizliğinin gelecek kaygısı üzerindeki etkisi: Turizm sektörü çalışanlarına yönelik bir araştırma. Safran Kültür ve Turizm Araştırmaları Dergisi, 4(1), 41–56. https://izlik.org/JA37ZL65DX
  64. Türkoğlu, A., Pelit, O., & Kart, N. (2025). Turist rehberlerinin bakış açısıyla krizlerin turist rehberliğine etkilerinin değerlendirilmesi. Kocatepe Turizm Araştırmaları Dergisi, 1(1), 14–33. https://izlik.org/JA74LW73DN
  65. UNWTO. (2019). International tourism highlights: 2019 edition. World Tourism Organization. https://doi.org/10.18111/9789284421152
  66. Vujičić, D., Jovičić, A., Lalić, D., Gagić, S., & Cvejanov, A. (2015). The relation between job insecurity, job satisfaction and organizational commitment among employees in the tourism sector in Novi Sad. Economic and Industrial Democracy, 36(4), 633–652. https://doi.org/10.1177/0143831X14527
  67. Wan, J., Wee, L. H., Siau, C. S., & Wong, Y. H. (2025). Psychological well-being and its associated factors among university students in Sichuan, China. Frontiers in Psychology, 16, 1473871. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1473871
  68. Weiler, B., & Black, R. (2015). Tour guiding research: Insights, issues and implications. Channel View Publications.