Journals / Akademik Açı / 2026 / Cilt: 6 Sayı: 2

The Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) after the Niger coup of 2023: Regional order, legitimacy, and the failure of collective enforcement

2023 Nijer Darbesi sonrası Batı Afrika Devletleri Ekonomik Topluluğu (ECOWAS)

Abdullahi Adekunle Abdul-Kabir(ANKARA SOSYAL BİLİMLER ÜNİVERSİTESİ, SOSYAL BİLİMLER ENSTİTÜSÜ)0009-0000-8972-5240
Pages
132–151
Publication Date
2026-10-28
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AI Summary & Key Takeaways

AI Insight
⚡ TL;DR(Too Long; Didn't Read)

The analysis has implications for how regional democratic enforcement can be sustained in West Africa amid the consolidation of an alternative regional alignment among military-ruled Sahelian states.

📌 3 Key Takeaways

🎯
Objective & Hypothesis:This article examines the Economic Community of West African States' (ECOWAS) response to the military coup that removed President Mohamed Bazoum of Niger on 26 July 2023.
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Key Findings & Data:This response combined firm initial condemnation, sweeping sanctions, and the explicit threat of military intervention with a seven-month implementation gap and the eventual lifting of the most stringent measures in February 2024.
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Conclusion & Impact:The analysis has implications for how regional democratic enforcement can be sustained in West Africa amid the consolidation of an alternative regional alignment among military-ruled Sahelian states.
🔬Design:Araştırma Makalesi
📍Scope:2023 Verileri
⚙️Variables:Batı Afrika · Bölgesel Güvenlik · ECOWAS

Abstract

This article examines the Economic Community of West African States' (ECOWAS) response to the military coup that removed President Mohamed Bazoum of Niger on 26 July 2023. This response combined firm initial condemnation, sweeping sanctions, and the explicit threat of military intervention with a seven-month implementation gap and the eventual lifting of the most stringent measures in February 2024. The article asks why a treaty framework that had supported a successful regional intervention in The Gambia in 2017 produced such different results six years later. Drawing on a qualitative documentary analysis of ECOWAS communiqués, African Union and policy-research outputs, and contemporaneous regional reporting, the analysis develops an integrated theoretical framework combining Regional Security Complex Theory, Regional Hegemony Theory, and Legitimacy Theory. It argues that ECOWAS's failure to reverse the Niger coup is best understood as the simultaneous breakdown of three conditions for effective regional enforcement: convergent security perceptions among member states, credible hegemonic leadership, and procedural and public legitimacy. The 2017 Gambia case provides the structural counter-case in which all three conditions held. The contrast supports treating these three conditions jointly, as a configuration rather than as independent factors, and clarifies why earlier ECOWAS interventions succeeded while the Niger response did not. The analysis has implications for how regional democratic enforcement can be sustained in West Africa amid the consolidation of an alternative regional alignment among military-ruled Sahelian states.

Özet

Bu makale, Batı Afrika Devletleri Ekonomik Topluluğu'nun (ECOWAS) 26 Temmuz 2023 tarihinde Cumhurbaşkanı Mohamed Bazoum'u görevden alan askeri darbeye verdiği yanıtı incelemektedir. Söz konusu yanıt, başlangıçta sert kınama, kapsamlı yaptırımlar ve açık askeri müdahale tehdidini içerirken, izleyen yedi ayda belirgin bir uygulama boşluğuna ve Şubat 2024'te en sert önlemlerin nihai olarak kaldırılmasına evrilmiştir. Makale, altı yıl önce 2017 Gambiya müdahalesini başarılı kılan aynı antlaşma çerçevesinin neden farklı bir sonuç ürettiğini sormaktadır. ECOWAS bildirileri, Afrika Birliği ve politika araştırma kuruluşlarının çıktıları ile dönemin bölgesel haber kaynaklarının niteliksel belgesel analizine dayanan çalışma; Bölgesel Güvenlik Kompleksi Teorisi, Bölgesel Hegemonya Teorisi ve Meşruiyet Teorisi'ni birleştiren entegre bir kuramsal çerçeve geliştirmektedir. ECOWAS'ın Nijer darbesini geri çevirememesinin, etkili bölgesel uygulamanın üç koşulunun eşzamanlı çöküşü olarak en iyi anlaşılabileceği savunulmaktadır: üye devletler arasında yakınsayan güvenlik algıları, güvenilir hegemonik liderlik ve prosedürel ile kamusal meşruiyet. 2017 Gambiya vakası, üç koşulun da sağlandığı yapısal karşıt vakayı oluşturmaktadır. Bu karşıtlık, söz konusu üç koşulun bağımsız faktörler yerine bir bütün olarak ele alınması gerektiğini desteklemekte ve önceki ECOWAS müdahalelerinin neden başarılı olurken Nijer yanıtının neden başarısız kaldığını açıklığa kavuşturmaktadır. Analizin, Sahel'deki askeri yönetimli devletlerin alternatif bir bölgesel hizalanma oluşturduğu bağlamda Batı Afrika'da bölgesel demokratik uygulamanın nasıl sürdürülebileceğine ilişkin çıkarımları vardır.

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Cite This Article

Abdul-Kabir, A. A. (2026). The Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) after the Niger coup of 2023: Regional order, legitimacy, and the failure of collective enforcement. Akademik Açı, Cilt: 6 Sayı: 2, 132–151. https://doi.org/10.59597/akademikaci.1948637

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