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Journals / Niğde Ömer Halisdemir Üniversitesi Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi / 2026 / Cilt: 15

Optimization of Al₂O₃ nanoparticle concentration in n-butanol-enriched diesel blends via response surface methodology: Performance and emission analysis

Yanıt yüzey metodolojisi ile n-bütanol katkılı dizel karışımlarında Al₂O₃ nanoparçacık konsantrasyonunun optimizasyonu: Performans ve emisyon analizi

Mehmet Ali Kallioğlu(BATMAN ÜNİVERSİTESİ)0000-0002-6874-1564
Pages
1–10
Publication Date
2026-01-15
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AI Summary & Key Takeaways

AI Insight
⚡ TL;DR(Too Long; Didn't Read)

The results showed that at 75 ppm dosage, brake thermal efficiency (BTE) increased by 18.75%, while brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC) improved by 20.75% compared to baseline fuel.

📌 3 Key Takeaways

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Objective & Hypothesis:In this study, the effects of Al₂O₃ nanoparticle concentration in n-butanol-enriched diesel blends were systematically investigated and optimized using Response Surface Methodology (RSM).
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Key Findings & Data:Experiments were conducted under four different engine load conditions (0.3, 1.0, 2.0, and 3.0 BMEP) and nanoparticle concentrations of 0, 25, 50, 75, and 100 ppm.
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Conclusion & Impact:The results showed that at 75 ppm dosage, brake thermal efficiency (BTE) increased by 18.75%, while brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC) improved by 20.75% compared to baseline fuel.
🔬Design:Araştırma Makalesi
📍Scope:Comprehensive Sample
⚙️Variables:Nanopartikül · Al2O3 · Dizel motor

Abstract

In this study, the effects of Al₂O₃ nanoparticle concentration in n-butanol-enriched diesel blends were systematically investigated and optimized using Response Surface Methodology (RSM). Experiments were conducted under four different engine load conditions (0.3, 1.0, 2.0, and 3.0 BMEP) and nanoparticle concentrations of 0, 25, 50, 75, and 100 ppm. A Central Composite Design (CCD) based on RSM was employed as a Design of Experiments (DoE) approach to optimize performance and emission parameters. The results showed that at 75 ppm dosage, brake thermal efficiency (BTE) increased by 18.75%, while brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC) improved by 20.75% compared to baseline fuel. Moreover, significant reductions were observed in CO, HC, and smoke emissions, whereas NOₓ emissions increased due to higher oxygen content and elevated in-cylinder temperatures. RSM analysis revealed optimum nanoparticle concentrations of 85 ppm under balanced conditions, 80 ppm for performance-oriented scenarios, and 91 ppm for emission-oriented cases. These findings demonstrate the potential of Al₂O₃-based nanofuels as a sustainable alternative for advanced diesel engine applications.

Özet

Bu çalışmada, n-bütanol katkılı dizel karışımlarında Al₂O₃ nanoparçacık konsantrasyonunun etkileri yanıt yüzey metodolojisi (YYM) ile sistematik olarak incelenmiş ve optimize edilmiştir. Deneyler, motorun dört farklı yük koşulunda (0.3; 1.0; 2.0 ve 3.0 FOEB) ve nanoparçacık konsantrasyonlarında (0, 25, 50, 75 ve 100 ppm) gerçekleştirilmiştir. YYM’ye dayalı merkezi kompozit tasarım (MKT) kullanılarak istatistiksel deney tasarımı (DoE) uygulanmış ve performans ile emisyon çıktılarının optimizasyonu yapılmıştır. Sonuçlar, 75 ppm seviyesinde fren efektif veriminde (FEV) %18.75 artış ve fren özgül yakıt tüketiminde (FÖYT) %20.75 iyileşme sağlandığını göstermiştir. Ayrıca CO, HC ve duman emisyonlarında belirgin azalmalar elde edilirken, yüksek oksijen içeriği ve silindir içi sıcaklık nedeniyle NOₓ emisyonlarında artış gözlenmiştir. YYM analizleri, optimum nanoparçacık konsantrasyonunun dengeli koşullarda 85 ppm, performans odaklı durumda 80 ppm ve emisyon odaklı durumda 91 ppm olduğunu ortaya koymuştur. Bulgular, Al₂O₃ katkılı nanoyakıtların sürdürülebilir dizel motor uygulamaları için güçlü bir potansiyel sunduğunu göstermektedir.

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Cite This Article

Kallioğlu, M. A. (2026). Optimization of Al₂O₃ nanoparticle concentration in n-butanol-enriched diesel blends via response surface methodology: Performance and emission analysis. Niğde Ömer Halisdemir Üniversitesi Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi, Cilt: 15, 1–10. https://doi.org/10.28948/ngumuh.1800801

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