Journals / ODÜ SOSYAL BİLİMLER ARAŞTIRMALARI DERGİSİ-ODÜSOBİAD / 2026 / Cilt: 16 Sayı: 2

Identifying the needs of children with Dyslexia based on teachers’ perspectives

Disleksili çocukların öğretmen görüşleri doğrultusunda ihtiyaçlarının belirlenmesi

Simge Soydan(ANKARA HACI BAYRAM VELİ ÜNİVERSİTESİ)0000-0002-5829-1854
Neriman Aral(ANKARA ÜNİVERSİTESİ)0000-0002-9266-938X
Pages
—
Publication Date
2026-06-28
🏛️Bibliographic metadata and full text access for this article are provided via DergiPark.
DergiPark Record ↗
✨

AI Summary & Key Takeaways

AI Insight
⚡ TL;DR(Too Long; Didn't Read)

The findings were examined within the framework of three main themes: ‘’Education, Instruction, and Socialization.’’ The research results showed that teachers noted that dyslexic children’s reading errors generally stem from spelling and fluency errors; that learning materials unsuitable for children’s development hinder learning; that simplified, visually supported, and multisensory content increases learning motivation and effectiveness; and that children experience difficulties in following sequential instructions, managing time, and fulfilling their responsibilities, therefore needing short, clear, and visually supported instructions and activities aimed at structuring cognitive processes.

📌 3 Key Takeaways

🎯
Objective & Hypothesis:This research, conducted using a qualitative design, aimed to determine the educational needs of dyslexic children based on teachers’opinions.
📊
Key Findings & Data:The study, included 11 classroom teachers and 7 special education teachers working with dyslexic children in different primary schools and rehabilitation centers.
💡
Conclusion & Impact:The findings were examined within the framework of three main themes: ‘’Education, Instruction, and Socialization.’’ The research results showed that teachers noted that dyslexic children’s reading errors generally stem from spelling and fluency errors; that learning materials unsuitable for children’s development hinder learning; that simplified, visually supported, and multisensory content increases learning motivation and effectiveness; and that children experience difficulties in following sequential instructions, managing time, and fulfilling their responsibilities, therefore needing short, clear, and visually supported instructions and activities aimed at structuring cognitive processes.
🔬Design:Araştırma Makalesi
📍Scope:Comprehensive Sample
⚙️Variables:disleksi · özel eğitim · ihtiyaç analizi

Abstract

This research, conducted using a qualitative design, aimed to determine the educational needs of dyslexic children based on teachers’opinions. The study, included 11 classroom teachers and 7 special education teachers working with dyslexic children in different primary schools and rehabilitation centers. The ‘’Needs Assessment Form,’’ developed by the researchers, was used as the data collection tool. Data were obtained through individual interviews with teachers and analyzed using descriptive analysis. The findings were examined within the framework of three main themes: ‘’Education, Instruction, and Socialization.’’ The research results showed that teachers noted that dyslexic children’s reading errors generally stem from spelling and fluency errors; that learning materials unsuitable for children’s development hinder learning; that simplified, visually supported, and multisensory content increases learning motivation and effectiveness; and that children experience difficulties in following sequential instructions, managing time, and fulfilling their responsibilities, therefore needing short, clear, and visually supported instructions and activities aimed at structuring cognitive processes. The study indicated that children with dyslexia have difficulty communicating with their teachers and peers, take passive roles in group work, behave shyly in peer relationships, and are sometimes subjected to bullying. Some children may exhibit violent tendencies due to feeling misunderstood, and they need support in developing self-confidence. The findings reveal that in the educational processes of children with dyslexia, cognitive, emotional, and social needs should be considered alongside academic requirements. In conclusion, it can be said that providing a holistic education that takes into account the cognitive differences of children with dyslexia, appeals to multiple senses, facilitates instruction following, provides immediate feedback, encourages family participation and social interaction, and supports the development of self-confidence is important. Accordingly, it is recommended that intervention programs be prepared based on developmental, simple, accessible, individualized, and multisensory design principles.

Özet

Disleksili çocukların eğitim boyutundaki ihtiyaçlarının öğretmen görüşleri doğrultusunda belirlemek amacıyla yapılan araştırma nitel desende yürütülmüştür. Çalışmaya, farklı ilkokullarda ve rehabilitasyon merkezlerinde disleksili çocuklarla çalışan 11 sınıf ile 7 özel eğitim öğretmeni dahil edilmiştir. Araştırmada veri toplama aracı olarak araştırmacılar tarafından geliştirilen “İhtiyaç Belirleme Formu” kullanılmıştır. Veriler, öğretmenlerle yapılan bireysel görüşmeler sonucu elde edilmiş ve betimsel analiz yöntemiyle çözümlenmiştir. Analiz sonucunda bulgular “Eğitim, Yönerge ve Sosyallik” olmak üzere üç ana tema çerçevesinde incelenmiştir. Araştırma sonucunda öğretmenler disleksili çocukların okuma hatalarının genellikle harf hataları ve akıcı okuma hatalarından kaynaklandığını, öğrenme materyallerinin çocukların gelişimine uygun olmamasının öğrenmeyi güçleştirdiğini, sadeleştirilmiş, görsel destekli ve çoklu duyuya hitap eden içeriklerin öğrenme motivasyonunu ve öğrenmeyi artırdığını; çocukların sıralı yönergeleri takip etmede, zamanı algılama- yönetme becerilerinde ve sorumluluklarını yerine getirme hususunda güçlük yaşadıklarını, bu nedenle kısa, açık ve görsel destekli yönergelere ve bilişsel süreçleri yapılandırmaya yönelik çalışmalara ihtiyaç duyduklarını; çocukların öğretmenleri ve akranlarıyla iletişim kurmakta zorlandıklarını, grup çalışmalarında pasif rol üstlendiklerini, akran ilişkilerinde çekingen davrandıklarını ve zaman zaman zorbalığa maruz kaldıklarını, bazı çocukların anlaşılamamaktan kaynaklı şiddete eğilim gösterebildiklerini ve özgüven gelişimi açısından desteklenmeye ihtiyaç duyduklarını belirtmişlerdir. Bulgular, disleksili çocukların eğitim süreçlerinde akademik gereksinimlerin yanı sıra bilişsel, duygusal ve sosyal ihtiyaçların da dikkate alınması gerektiğini ortaya koymaktadır. Sonuç olarak, disleksili çocukların bilişsel farklılıklarını göz önünde bulunduran ve çoklu duyuya hitap eden, yönerge takibini kolaylaştıran, anlık geribildirimlerde bulunan, aile katılımını ve sosyal etkileşimi teşvik eden ve özgüven gelişimini destekleyen bütüncül bir eğitimin sağlanmasının önemli olduğu söylenebilir. Bu doğrultuda müdahale programlarının gelişime uygun, sade, erişilebilir, bireyselleştirilebilir ve çoklu duyuya dayalı tasarım ilkeleriyle hazırlanması önerilir.

🔖

Cite This Article

Soydan, S., Aral, N. (2026). Identifying the needs of children with Dyslexia based on teachers’ perspectives. ODÜ SOSYAL BİLİMLER ARAŞTIRMALARI DERGİSİ-ODÜSOBİAD, Cilt: 16 Sayı: 2. https://doi.org/10.48146/odusobiad.1920482

📄 Full Text PDF Viewer

📄

PDF görüntüleyici hazırlanıyor...

References (57)

  1. Akın, M., & İlker, Ö. (2025). The role of social-emotional learning skills in peer-bullying experiences in students with learning disabilities. Ahmet Keleşoğlu Faculty of Education Journal (AKEF), 7(2), 147–173. https://doi.org/10.38151/akef.2025.153
  2. Alloway, T. P., & Gathercole, S. E. (2006). Working memory and learning: A practical guide for teachers. Sage. https://doi.org/10.4135/9781446211487
  3. Alsobhi, A. Y., Khan, N., & Rahanu, H. (2015). Personalised learning materials based on dyslexia types. Procedia Computer Science, 60(1), 113–121. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2015.08.110
  4. Andreou, G., Athanasiadou, P., & Tzivinikou, S. (2019). Accommodations on reading comprehension assessment for students with learning disabilities: A review study. Psychology, 10(4), 521–538. https://doi.org/10.4236/psych.2019.104034
  5. Ankara Kalkınma Ajansı. (2015). Dislektik bireylerin profil çıkarımı, eğitim ihtiyaçları ve bu bireylere hizmet veren birimlerin eğitim ihtiyaç analizi raporu [Profiling of dyslexic individuals, their educational needs, and a training needs analysis of the units serving them]. https://www.kalkinmakutuphanesi.gov.tr/dokuman/dislektik-bireylerin-profil-cikarimi-egitim-ihtiyaclari-bu-bireylere-hizmet-veren-birimlerin-egitim-ihtiyac-analizi/38
  6. Avşar, B., & Cankaya, C. (2021). Çocuklardaki disleksi sorununun iletişim açısından analizi [An analysis of dyslexia in children from a communication perspective]. Uluslararası Sosyal Bilim Araştırmaları Dergisi, 10(1), 91–107. https://doi.org/10.17932/IAU.IAUD.2757.7252/iaud_v13i1003
  7. Avşar Tuncay, A., Kızılaslan, A., Yazıcıoğlu, T., Çalıkoğlu, B. S., Sümer Dodur, H. M., & Mertol, H. (2025). Teachers’ dyslexia knowledge and belief levels: Are tomorrow’s teachers ready for inclusive education? European Journal of Education, 61(1), Article e70378. https://doi.org/10.1111/ejed.70378
  8. Aydın, A., & Yeşilyurt, E. (2023). The effects of teacher relationships on student academic achievement: A second order meta-analysis. Participatory Educational Research, 9(3), 112–131. https://doi.org/10.17275/per.23.15.10.1
  9. Ayre, C., & Scally, A. J. (2014). Critical values for Lawshe’s content validity ratio: Revisiting the original methods of calculation. Measurement and Evaluation in Counseling and Development, 47(1), 79–86. https://doi.org/10.1177/0748175613513808
  10. Blaskova, R. (2023). Peers’ perspectives on social interaction with students with specific learning disorders. Journal of Research in Special Educational Needs, 23(4), 482–495. https://doi.org/10.1177/02656590221139231
  11. Creswell, J. W. (2013). Qualitative inquiry and research design: Choosing among five approaches (3rd ed.). Sage.
  12. Çayır, A., & Değirmenci Gündoğmuş, H. (2023). Disleksi hakkında öğretmen görüşleri: Nitel bir çalışma [Teacher views on dyslexia: A qualitative study]. RumeliDE Dil ve Edebiyat Araştırmaları Dergisi, 37, 744–760. https://doi.org/10.29000/rumelide.1393609
  13. Davis, H. A., Summers, J. J., & Miller, L. M. (2012). The influence of affective teacher–student relationships on students’ school engagement and achievement: A meta-analytic approach. Educational Psychology Review, 24(3), 389–408. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10648-012-9203-4
  14. Dunning, D. L., Holmes, J., & Gathercole, S. E. (2013). Does working memory training lead to generalized improvements in children with low working memory? Developmental Science, 16(6), 915–925. https://doi.org/10.1111/desc.12068
  15. Dymock, S. (2023). Dyslexia seen through the eyes of teachers: An exploratory survey. Reading Research Quarterly, 58(2), 189–207. https://doi.org/10.1002/rrq.490
  16. Erikson, E. H. (1963). Childhood and society (2nd ed.). W. W. Norton.
  17. Gathercole, S. E., & Alloway, T. P. (2008). Working memory and learning: A practical guide for teachers. Sage. https://doi.org/10.4135/9781446211487
  18. Gathercole, S. E., Alloway, T. P., Willis, C., & Adams, A. M. (2006). Working memory in children with reading disabilities. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 93(3), 265–281. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jecp.2005.08.003
  19. Hill, N. E., & Tyson, D. F. (2009). Parental involvement in middle school: A meta-analytic assessment of the strategies that promote achievement. Developmental Psychology, 45(3), 740–763. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0015362
  20. International Dyslexia Association. (2025). 2025 dyslexia definition project. https://dyslexiaida.org/2025-dyslexia-definition-project/
  21. Jeynes, W. H. (2012). A meta-analysis on the effects of parental involvement on students’ academic outcomes. Urban Education, 47(4), 706–742. https://doi.org/10.1177/0042085912445643
  22. Johns, K. M. (2024). The influence of accommodations on academic achievement for middle school students with dyslexia in a private school setting [Doctoral dissertation, Arkansas State University]. Arkansas State University Digital Repository. https://arch.astate.edu/all-etd/96
  23. Kim, Y. S., Wagner, R. K., & Foster, E. (2011). Longitudinal relation of reading fluency and reading comprehension: Implications for teaching reading. Journal of Educational Psychology, 103(3), 535–551. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0023615
  24. Kouvava, S., Christodoulides, P., & Spanoudis, G. (2025). Social understanding and friendships in children with ADHD or dyslexia. Behavioral Sciences, 15(2), Article 216. https://doi.org/10.3390/bs15020216
  25. Kuhn, M. R., & Stahl, S. A. (2003). Fluency: A review of developmental and remedial practices. Journal of Educational Psychology, 95(1), 3–21. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-0663.95.1.3
  26. Le Messurier, M. (2022). Helping children with dyslexia: A practical guide for parents and teachers (2nd ed.). Routledge.
  27. Leseyane, M., Mandende, P., Makgato, M., & Cekiso, M. (2018). Dyslexic learners’ experiences with their peers and teachers in special and mainstream primary schools in North-West Province. African Journal of Disability, 7(1), Article a363. https://doi.org/10.4102/ajod.v7i0.363
  28. Lewandowski, L. J., Lovett, B. J., & Rogers, C. L. (2008). Extended time as a testing accommodation for students with reading disabilities: Does a rising tide lift all ships? Journal of Psychoeducational Assessment, 26(4), 315–324. https://doi.org/10.1177/0734282908315757
  29. Melby-Lervåg, M., & Hulme, C. (2013). Is working memory training effective? A meta-analytic review. Developmental Psychology, 49(2), 270–291. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0028228
  30. Meyers, C. E., & Hammill, D. D. (1990). Methods for learning disorders. Pro-Ed.
  31. Miles, M. B., & Huberman, A. M. (1994). Qualitative data analysis: An expanded sourcebook (2nd ed.). Sage.
  32. National Reading Panel. (2000). Teaching children to read: An evidence-based assessment of the scientific research literature on reading and its implications for reading instruction. National Institute of Child Health and Human Development. https://www.nichd.nih.gov/publications/pubs/nrp/pages/smallbook.aspx
  33. O’Connor, R. E., White, A., & Swanson, H. L. (2007). Repeated reading versus continuous reading: Influences on reading fluency and comprehension. Journal of Learning Disabilities, 40(3), 235–251. https://doi.org/10.1177/00222194070400030401
  34. Okudan, A. Ş. (2024). Öğrencinin akademik başarısında öğretmenin etkisine yönelik bir inceleme [An examination of the teacher’s influence on student academic achievement]. Spor, Eğitim ve Çocuk, 4(3), 11–28. https://doi.org/10.5505/sec.2024.21931
  35. Özcan, N., & Keskin, Y. (2024). Öğrenci, öğretmen ve veli üçgeninde akademik başarısı yüksek öğrencilerin sahip oldukları akademik özellikler: Sekizinci sınıf öğrencilerine dönük bir durum çalışması [Academic characteristics of high-achieving students within the student–teacher–parent triangle: A case study of eighth-grade students]. Uludağ Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 37(2), 449–482. https://doi.org/10.19171/uefad.1392544
  36. Peng, P., & Fuchs, D. (2016). A meta-analysis of working memory deficits in children with learning difficulties: Is there a difference between verbal and visual working memory? Journal of Learning Disabilities, 49(1), 3–20. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022219414521667
  37. Piao, X., & Rangra, N. (2024). Parental involvement in supporting dyslexic children: Impact of home-based strategies and educational collaboration. Pakistan Journal of Life and Social Sciences, 22(2), 11019–11030. https://doi.org/10.57239/PJLSS-2024-22.2.0083
  38. Polat, E. (2013). Özel öğrenme güçlüğü yaşayan öğrenciler için web destekli uyarlanabilir öğretim sistemi tasarımı [Design of a web-supported adaptive instruction system for students with specific learning disabilities] [Master’s thesis, Sakarya University]. Sakarya University Institutional Repository. https://acikerisim.sakarya.edu.tr/bitstream/handle/20.500.12619/74745
  39. Ramus, F. (2004). Neurobiology of dyslexia: A reinterpretation of the data. Trends in Neurosciences, 27(12), 720–726. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tins.2004.10.004
  40. Rasinski, T. (2012). Why reading fluency should be hot! The Reading Teacher, 65(8), 516–522. https://doi.org/10.1002/TRTR.01077
  41. Smith-Spark, J. H., & Fisk, J. E. (2007). Working memory functioning in developmental dyslexia. Memory, 15(1), 34–56. https://doi.org/10.1080/09658210601043384
  42. Snowling, M. J., & Hulme, C. (2020). Annual research review: Reading disorders revisited – The critical importance of instruction. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 62(5), 635–653. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.13324
  43. Soğancı, S., & Kulesza, E. M. (2023). Disleksinin öğrenciler, veliler ve okul topluluğu açısından psikososyal etkileri: Araştırma incelemesi [The psychosocial effects of dyslexia on students, parents, and the school community: A research review]. Turkish Journal of Special Education Research and Practice, 5(1), 1–17. https://doi.org/10.37233/TRSPED.2023.0134
  44. Sümer Dodur, H. M., & Altındağ Kumaş, Ö. (2021). Knowledge and beliefs of classroom teachers about dyslexia: The case of teachers in Turkey. European Journal of Special Needs Education, 36(4), 593–609. https://doi.org/10.1080/08856257.2020.1779980
  45. Swanson, H. L., & O’Connor, R. (2009). The role of working memory and fluency practice on the reading comprehension of students who are dysfluent readers. Journal of Learning Disabilities, 42(6), 548–575. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022219409338742
  46. Swanson, H. L., & Siegel, L. S. (2001). Learning disabilities as a working memory deficit. Issues in Education, 7(1), 1–48. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15326985iie0701_1
  47. Taguchi, E., Takayasu-Maass, M., & Gorsuch, G. J. (2004). Developing reading fluency in EFL: How assisted repeated reading and extensive reading affect fluency development. Reading in a Foreign Language, 16(2), 70–96. https://doi.org/10.64152/10125/66783
  48. Therrien, W. J. (2004). Fluency and comprehension gains as a result of repeated reading: A meta-analysis. Review of Educational Research, 74(1), 53–89. https://doi.org/10.3102/00346543074001053
  49. Thwala, S. K., Ugwuanyi, C. S., Okeke, C. I. O., & Gama, N. N. (2020). Teachers’ experiences with dyslexic learners in mainstream classrooms: Implications for teacher education. International Journal of Higher Education, 9(6), 34–43. https://doi.org/10.5430/ijhe.v9n6p34
  50. Undheim, A. M. (2003). Dyslexia and psychosocial factors: A follow-up study of young Norwegian adults with a history of dyslexia in childhood. Nordic Journal of Psychiatry, 57(3), 221–226. https://doi.org/10.1080/08039480310001391
  51. Üstündağ, A., & Odabaş, D. (2023). Preschool teachers’ knowledge level of dyslexia in Turkey. International Journal of Special Education, 38(2), 138–152. https://doi.org/10.52291/ijse.2023.38.29
  52. Varvara, P., Varuzza, C., Sorrenti, L., Vicari, S., & Menghini, D. (2014). Executive functions in developmental dyslexia. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 8, Article 120. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnhum.2014.00120
  53. Vaughn, S., Wanzek, J., Murray, C. S., & Roberts, G. (2012). Intensive interventions for students struggling in reading and mathematics: A practice guide. Center on Instruction. https://eric.ed.gov/?id=ED531907
  54. Wanzek, J., Vaughn, S., Scammacca, N., Gatlin, B., Walker, M. A., & Capin, P. (2016). Meta-analyses of the effects of reading interventions for students with learning disabilities. Reading Research Quarterly, 51(2), 117–143. https://doi.org/10.1002/rrq.123
  55. Wilmot, N., Wormald, C., & Rukavina, K. (2022). Growing up with dyslexia: Child and parent perspectives. Australian Journal of Learning Difficulties, 27(2), 157–172. https://doi.org/10.1080/19404158.2022.2038765
  56. Yılmaz, E., & Melekoğlu, M. A. (2022). Developing a reading comprehension support program for primary school students with specific learning disabilities. International Journal of Progressive Education, 18(1), 48–65. https://doi.org/10.29329/ijpe.2022.426.4
  57. Yin, R. K. (2014). Case study research: Design and methods (5th ed.). Sage.