SavedAdd your journal

Journals / Toros University Journal of Food Nutrition and Gastronomy / 2026 / Cilt: 5 Sayı: 1

Poor Sleep Quality and Metabolic Health: Their Association with Dietary Intake and Obesity Risk

Kötü Uyku Kalitesi ve Metabolik Sağlık: Diyet Alımı ve Obezite Riski ile İlişkisi

Berfin Rojbin Vural(TOROS ÜNİVERSİTESİ)0009-0004-6482-484X
Betül Gülşen(Toros Üniversitesi)0000-0003-0879-5189
Pages
43–57
Publication Date
2026-07-01
🏛️Bibliographic metadata and full text access for this article are provided via DergiPark.
DergiPark Record ↗
✨

AI Summary & Key Takeaways

AI Insight
⚡ TL;DR(Too Long; Didn't Read)

Conclusion: These findings emphasize a significant interaction between sleep quality, dietary factors, and obesity, suggesting that poor sleep quality may contribute to increased obesity risk.

📌 3 Key Takeaways

🎯
Objective & Hypothesis:Individuals and Methods: A total of 60 healthy volunteers participated in the study, conducted in a private dietitian clinic.
📊
Key Findings & Data:Participants were classified based on Body Mass Index (BMI): 30 individuals with normal weight (BMI 18.5–24.9 kg/m²) constituted the control group, while 30 obese individuals (BMI ≥30 kg/m²) formed the study group.
💡
Conclusion & Impact:Conclusion: These findings emphasize a significant interaction between sleep quality, dietary factors, and obesity, suggesting that poor sleep quality may contribute to increased obesity risk.
🔬Design:Araştırma Makalesi
📍Scope:Comprehensive Sample
⚙️Variables:Uyku kalitesi · Obezite · Metabolik sağlık

Abstract

individuals. Individuals and Methods: A total of 60 healthy volunteers participated in the study, conducted in a private dietitian clinic. Participants were classified based on Body Mass Index (BMI): 30 individuals with normal weight (BMI 18.5–24.9 kg/m²) constituted the control group, while 30 obese individuals (BMI ≥30 kg/m²) formed the study group. Sleep quality was assessed using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Results: Obese participants had significantly higher median PSQI total scores (Z = -4.041, p < 0.001), indicating poorer sleep quality, as well as higher scores in sleep quality (Z = -4.001, p < 0.001), sleep latency (Z = -2.113, p = 0.035), and daytime dysfunction (Z = -2.496, p = 0.013). PSQI total scores positively correlated with BMI (r = 0.398, p = 0.029) and body weight (r = 0.602, p < 0.001). Sleep medication correlated positively with carbohydrates (r = 0.369, p = 0.045) and negatively with cholesterol (r = -0.471, p = 0.009) intake; better sleep quality was linked to higher polyunsaturated fat (r = 0.349, p = 0.031), and lower folate-associated PSQI scores (r = -0.396, p = 0.045). Logistic regression analysis indicated that poor subjective sleep quality increased the risk of obesity by 3.292 times (p = 0.009, CI: 1.346–8.051). Conclusion: These findings emphasize a significant interaction between sleep quality, dietary factors, and obesity, suggesting that poor sleep quality may contribute to increased obesity risk.

Özet

Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı, obez bireylerde diyet alımı ile uyku kalitesi arasındaki ilişkinin değerlendirilmesidir. Bireyler ve Yöntem: Özel bir diyetisyen kliniğinde yürütülen bu çalışmaya toplam 60 sağlıklı gönüllü katılmıştır. Katılımcılar Beden Kütle İndeksi ’ne (BKİ) göre sınıflandırılmıştır: Normal vücut ağırlığına sahip 30 birey (BKİ 18,5–24,9 kg/m²) kontrol grubunu, obez olan 30 birey (BKİ ≥30 kg/m²) ise çalışma grubunu oluşturmuştur. Uyku kalitesi, Pittsburgh Uyku Kalitesi İndeksi (PUKİ) kullanılarak değerlendirilmiştir. Bulgular: Obez bireylerin medyan PUKİ toplam puanlarının anlamlı düzeyde daha yüksek olduğu (Z = −4,041; p <0,001) ve bunun daha kötü uyku kalitesini gösterdiği saptanmıştır. Ayrıca obez grupta öznel uyku kalitesi (Z = −4,001; p <0,001), uykuya dalma süresi (Z = −2,113; p = 0,035) ve gündüz işlev bozukluğu (Z = −2,496; p = 0,013) puanları da anlamlı olarak daha yüksek bulunmuştur. PUKİ toplam puanı ile BKİ (r = 0,398; p = 0,029) ve vücut ağırlığı (r = 0,602; p <0,001) arasında pozitif yönde ilişki saptanmıştır. Uyku ilacı kullanımı karbonhidrat alımı ile pozitif (r = 0,369; p = 0,045), kolesterol alımı ile negatif yönde (r = −0,471; p = 0,009) ilişkili bulunmuştur. Daha iyi uyku kalitesi, daha yüksek çoklu doymamış yağ asidi alımı (r = 0,349; p = 0,031) ile ilişkili iken, folat alımı ile PUKİ puanları arasında negatif yönde ilişki saptanmıştır (r = −0,396; p = 0,045). Lojistik regresyon analizi sonuçlarına göre, kötü öznel uyku kalitesi obezite riskini 3,292 kat artırmaktadır (p = 0,009; GA: 1,346–8,051). Sonuç: Bu bulgular, uyku kalitesi, diyetle alınan besin öğeleri ve obezite arasında anlamlı bir etkileşim olduğunu göstermektedir. Kötü uyku kalitesinin obezite riskinin artmasına katkıda bulunabileceği ve obezite yönetiminde beslenme ile uyku kalitesinin de dikkate alınması gerektiği düşünülmektedir.

🔖

Cite This Article

Vural, B. R., Gülşen, B. (2026). Poor Sleep Quality and Metabolic Health: Their Association with Dietary Intake and Obesity Risk. Toros University Journal of Food Nutrition and Gastronomy, Cilt: 5 Sayı: 1, 43–57. https://doi.org/10.58625/jfng-3298

📄 Full Text PDF Viewer

📄

PDF görüntüleyici hazırlanıyor...

References (47)

  1. Referans1. Halson, S.L. (2014). Sleep in elite athletes and nutritional interventions to enhance sleep. Sports Med. 44 Suppl 1(Suppl 1): S13-23. https://10.1007/s40279-014-0147-0
  2. Referans2. Belenky. G., Wesensten, N.J., Thorne, D.R., et al. (2003). Patterns of performance degradation and restoration during sleep restriction and subsequent recovery: a sleep dose–response study. J Sleep Res. 12(1):1–12. 5. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2869.2003.00337.x
  3. Referans3. Spiegel, K., Leproult, R., Van Cauter, E. (1999). Impact of sleep debt on metabolic and endocrine function. Lancet. 354(9188): 1435–1439. https://10.1016/S0140-6736(99)01376-8
  4. Referans4. Spiegel, K., Tasali, E., Penev, P., et al. (2004). Brief communication: sleep curtailment in healthy young men is associated with decreased leptin levels, elevated ghrelin levels, and increased hunger and appetite. Ann Intern Med. 141(11):846–50. https://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-141-11-200412070-00008
  5. Referans5. Krueger, J.M., Majde, J.A., Rector, D.M. (2011). Cytokines in immune function and sleep regulation. Handbook Clin Neurol. 98: 229–40. 10.1016/B978-0-444-52006-7.00015-0
  6. Referans6. Papatriantafyllou, E., Efthymiou, D., Zoumbaneas, E., Popescu, C. A., & Vassilopoulou, E. (2022). Sleep deprivation: effects on weight loss and weight loss maintenance. Nutrients, 14(8):1549. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14081549
  7. Referans7. Taheri, S., Lin, L., Austin, D., Young, T., Mignot, E. (2004). Short sleep duration is associated with reduced leptin, elevated ghrelin, and increased body mass index. PLoS Med. 1(3): e62. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.0010062
  8. Referans8. Adamovich, Y., Aviram, R., Asher, G. (2015). The emerging roles of lipids in circadian control. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1851(8):1017-25. https://10.1016/j.bbalip.2014.11.013
  9. Referans9. Figorilli, M., Velluzzi, F., & Redolfi, S. (2025). Obesity and sleep disorders: a bidirectional relationship. Nutrition, metabolism, and cardiovascular diseases: NMCD, 35(6):104014. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.numecd.2025.104014
  10. Referans10. Akıncı, E., & Orhan, F. (2016). Circadian Rhythm Sleep Disorders. Psikiyatride Güncel Yaklaşımlar. 8(2):178-189. https://doi.org/10.18863/pgy.81775
  11. Referans11. Kripke, D.F., Garfinkel, L., Wingard, D.L., Klauber, M.R., Marler, M.R. (2002). Mortality Associated with Sleep Duration and Insomnia. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 59(2):131–136. https://10.1001/archpsyc.59.2.131
  12. Referans12. Vioque, J., Torres, A., Quiles, J. (2000). Time spent watching television, sleep duration and obesity in adults living in Valencia, Spain. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord. 24:1683-8.
  13. Referans13. Reppert, S.M., & Weaver, D.R. (2002). Coordination of circadian timing in mammals. Nature. 29;418(6901):935-41.
  14. Referans14. Altman, N.G., Izci-Balserak, B., Schopfer, E., Jackson, N., Rattanaumpawan, P., Gehrman, P.R., Patel, N.P., Grandner. M.A. (2012). Sleep duration versus sleep insufficiency as predictors of cardiometabolic health outcomes. Sleep Med. 13(10):1261-70. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sleep.2012.08.005
  15. Referans15. Grandner, M.A., Jackson, N., Gerstner, J.R., Knutson, K.L. (2014). Sleep symptoms associated with intake of specific dietary nutrients. J Sleep Res. 23(1):22-34. https://doi.org/10.1111/jsr.12084
  16. Referans16. Peuhkuri, K., Sihvola, N., Korpela, R. (2012). Diet promotes sleep duration and quality. Nutr Res. 32(5):309-19. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nutres.2012.03.009
  17. Referans17. Miró, E., Cano, M.C., Espinosa-Fernández, L., Buela-Casal, G. (2003). Time estimation during prolonged sleep deprivation and its relation to activation measures. Hum Factors. 45(1):148-59. https://doi.org/10.1518/hfes.45.1.148.27227
  18. Referans18. Baysal, A. (2017). Beslenme. Ankara: Hatipoğlu Yayınevi.
  19. Referans19. James, W., Jachson-Leach, R., Mhurchu, C.N., Kalamara, E., Shayeghi, M., Rigby, N. (2004). World Health Organization. Overweight and Obesity (High Body Mass Index). In Comparative Quantifation of Health Risks; World Health Organization: Geneva, Switzerland, pp. 497–596.
  20. Referans20. Pekcan, G. (2008). Beslenme Durumunun Saptanması. Ankara, Klasmat Matbaacılık.
  21. Referans21. WHO (World Health Organization). (2011). Waist circumference and waist-hip ratio: report of a WHO expert consultation, Geneva, 8-11 December 2008.
  22. Referans22. Kaner, G., Pekcan, G., Pamuk, G., Pamuk, B.Ö. (2015). Biyoelektrik impedans analizine karşı deri kıvrım kalınlığı ölçümü: yetişkinlerde vücut yağının tahmini. Beslenme ve Diyet Dergisi. 43(2), 111-118. https://www.beslenmevediyetdergisi.org/index.php/bdd/article/view/134
  23. Referans23. Bishop, C.W. (1984). Reference values for arm muscle area, arm fat area, subscapular skinfold thickness, and sum of skinfold thicknesses for American adults. JPEN.8(5):515-22. https://doi.org/10.1177/0148607184008005515
  24. Referans24. Shizgal, H.M. (1987). Nutritional assessment with body composition measurements. JPEN. 11(5 Suppl):42S-47S. https://doi.org/10.1177/014860718701100504
  25. Referans25. Lee, R.D., & Nieman, D.C. (1993). Anthropometry. Nutritional Assessment. Brown and Benchmark, USA, 119.
  26. Referans26. Ebispro for Windows, Stuttgart, Germany; Turkish Version (BeBiS 9), Pasifik Elektirik Elektronik Ltd. Şti. (www.bebis.com.tr); Istanbul, 2021.
  27. Referans27. Pekcan, G. (2016). Diyet El Kitabı. 9. baskı. Editör: Baysal, A. Ankara, Hatiboğlu Yayınevi, s: 67-142.
  28. Referans28. Buysse, D.J., Reynolds, C.F., Monk, T.H. (1989). The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index: a new instrument for psychiatric practice and research. Psychiatry Res. 28:193213. https://10.1016/0165-1781(89)90047-4
  29. Referans29. Ağargün, M.Y., Kara, H., Anlar, Ö. (1996). Pittsburgh uyku kalitesi indeksi’nin geçerliliği ve güvenirliliği. Türk Psikiyatri Dergisi. 7(2): 107-115.
  30. Referans30. Whitaker, B.N., Fisher, P.L., Jambhekar, S., et al. (2018). Impact of Degree of Obesity on Sleep, Quality of Life, and Depression in Youth. J Pediatr Health Care. 32(2): e37-e44. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pedhc.2017.09.008
  31. Referans31. Araghi, M.H., Jagielski, A., Neira, I., et al. (2013). The complex associations among sleep quality, anxiety-depression, and quality of life in patients with extreme obesity. Sleep. 36(12):1859-1865. https://doi.org/10.5665/sleep.3216
  32. Referans32. Bixler, E.O., Vgontzas, A.N., Lin, H.M., Calhoun, S.L., Vela-Bueno, A., Kales, A. (2005). Excessive daytime sleepiness in a general population sample: the role of sleep apnea, age, obesity, diabetes, and depression. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 90(8):4510-4515. https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.2005-0035
  33. Referans33. Hur, S., Oh, B., Kim, H., Kwon, O. (2021). Associations of Diet Quality and Sleep Quality with Obesity. Nutrients. 13(9):3181. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13093181
  34. Referans34. Quan, S.F., Combs, D., Parthasarathy, S. (2018). Impact of Sleep Duration and Weekend Oversleep on Body Weight and Blood Pressure in Adolescents. Southwest J Pulm Crit Care. 16(1):31-41. https://10.13175/swjpcc150-17
  35. Referans35. Lee, J.H., Cho, J. (2022). Sleep and Obesity. Sleep Med Clin. 17(1):111-116. https://10.1016/j.jsmc.2021.10.009
  36. Referans36. Öztürk, M.E., & Yabancı, N.A. (2018). Associations between poor sleep quality, obesity, and the anthropometric measurements of women in Turkey. Ecology of Food and Nutrition. 57(1): 3-12. https://doi.org/10.1080/03670244.2017.1406351
  37. Referans37. Hasler, G., Buysse, D.J., Klaghofer, R., et al. (2004). The association between short sleep duration and obesity in young adults: a 13-year prospective study. Sleep. 27(4):661-666. https://doi.org/10.1093/sleep/27.4.661
  38. Referans38. Liu, X., Wu, D., Qi, X., et al. (2018). The associations between carbohydrate and protein intakes with habitual sleep duration among adults living in urban and rural areas. Clin Nutr. 37(5):1631-1637. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clnu.2017.07.024
  39. Referans39. Porter, J.M., & Horne, J.A. (1981). Bed-time food supplements and sleep: effects of different carbohydrate levels. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol. 51(4):426-433. https://doi.org/10.1016/0013-4694(81)90106-1
  40. Referans40. Lieberman, H.R. (2003). Nutrition, brain function and cognitive performance. Appetite. 40(3):245-254. https://10.1016/S0195-6663(03)00010-2
  41. Referans41. Dashti, H.S., Follis, J.L., Smith, C.E., Tanaka, T., Cade, B.E., Gottlieb, D.J., Hruby, A., Jacques, P.F., Lamon-Fava, S., Richardson, K., Saxena, R., Scheer, F.A., Kovanen, L., Bartz, T.M., Perälä, M.M., Jonsson, A., Frazier-Wood, A.C., Kalafati, I.P., Mikkilä, V., Partonen, T., Lemaitre, R.N., Lahti, J., Hernandez, D.G., Toft, U., Johnson, W.C., Kanoni, S., Raitakari, O.T., Perola, M., Psaty, B.M., Ferrucci, L., Grarup, N., Highland, H.M., Rallidis, L., Kähönen, M., Havulinna, A.S., Siscovick, D.S, Räikkönen, K., Jørgensen, T., Rotter, J.I., Deloukas, P., Viikari, J.S., Mozaffarian, D., Linneberg, A., Seppälä, I., Hansen, T., Salomaa, V., Gharib, S.A., Eriksson, J.G., Bandinelli, S., Pedersen, O., Rich, S.S., Dedoussis, G., Lehtimäki, T., Ordovás, J.M. (2015). Habitual sleep duration is associated with BMI and macronutrient intake and may be modified by CLOCK genetic variants. Am J Clin Nutr. 101(1):135-43. https://10.3945/ajcn.114.095026
  42. Referans42. Dashti, H.S., Scheer, F.A., Jacques, P.F., Lamon-Fava, S., Ordovás, J.M. (2015). Short sleep duration and dietary intake: epidemiologic evidence, mechanisms, and health implications. Adv Nutr. 6(6):648-659. https:// 10.3945/an.115.008623
  43. Referans43. Catalá, A. (2010). The function of very long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids in the pinealgland. Biochim Biophys Acta 1801:95–9. https://10.1016/j.bbalip.2009.10.010
  44. Referans44. Santana, A.A., Pimentel, G.D., Romualdo, M., Oyama, L.M., Santos, R.V., Pinho, R.A., de Souza, C.T., Rodrigues, B., Caperuto, E.C., Lira, F.S. (2012). Sleep duration in elderly obese patients correlated negatively with intake fatty. Lipids Health Dis. 7; 11:99. http://www.lipidworld.com/content/11/1/99
  45. Referans45. Shi, Z., McEvoy, M., Luu, J., Attia, J. (2008). Dietary fat and sleep duration in Chinese men and women. Int J Obes (Lond). 32(12):1835-40.
  46. Referans46. Tang, J., Yan, Y., Zheng, J.S., Mi, J., Li, D. (2018). Association between Erythrocyte Membrane Phospholipid Fatty Acids and Sleep Disturbance in Chinese Children and Adolescents. Nutrients. 10(3):344. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu10030344
  47. Referans47. Grandner, M.A., Jackson, N., Gerstner, J.R., Knutson, K.L. (2013). Dietary nutrients associated with short and long sleep duration. Data from a nationally representative sample. Appetite. 64:71-80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.appet.2013.01.004