Journals / Güncel Tıbbi Araştırmaları Dergisi / 2026 / Cilt: 6 Sayı: 2

Potential Role of Salivary and Urinary Amyloid-Β Biomarkers in Assessing Dementia Risk in Patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnea

Obstrüktif Uyku Apnesi Hastalarında Demans Riskinin Belirlenmesinde Tükürük ve İdrar Amiloid-Β Biyobelirteçlerinin Potansiyel Rolü

Ece Defne Uzak(Izmir Konak Sehit Omer Halisdemir Science and Art Center, Ministry of National Education)0000-0002-6679-1058
Tolga Yardımcı(Izmir Konak Sehit Omer Halisdemir Science and Art Center, Ministry of National Education)0009-0007-1325-4025
Hatice Sabiha Türe(Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Izmir Katip Celebi University)0000-0003-1530-6611
Aslı Subaşıoğlu(Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Izmir Katip Celebi University)
Pages
83–98
Publication Date
2026-08-31
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AI Summary & Key Takeaways

AI Insight
⚡ TL;DR(Too Long; Didn't Read)

These findings indicate a distinct alteration in peripheral amyloid profiles in OSA patients and suggest a potential shift toward a pro-amyloidogenic state.

📌 3 Key Takeaways

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Objective & Hypothesis:Objective: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a prevalent sleep disorder characterized by repeated collapse of the upper airway during sleep, leading to intermittent episodes of apnea and hypopnea.
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Key Findings & Data:In the neurodegeneration process, which is one of the main causes of dementia, amyloid beta (Aβ) 1–40 and 1–42 proteins play an important role.
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Conclusion & Impact:These findings indicate a distinct alteration in peripheral amyloid profiles in OSA patients and suggest a potential shift toward a pro-amyloidogenic state.
🔬Design:Araştırma Makalesi
📍Scope:Comprehensive Sample
⚙️Variables:Obstrüktif Uyku Apnesi · Demans · Amiloid beta peptidleri

Abstract

Objective: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a prevalent sleep disorder characterized by repeated collapse of the upper airway during sleep, leading to intermittent episodes of apnea and hypopnea. This condition may negatively affect an individual's cognitive functions by causing fluctuations in oxygen saturation and sleep disruption throughout the night. Previous studies have revealed that OSA may be associated with the development of dementia. In the neurodegeneration process, which is one of the main causes of dementia, amyloid beta (Aβ) 1–40 and 1–42 proteins play an important role. In patients with OSA, it is thought that the removal of these proteins from the brain may be impaired, leading to toxic effects in nerve cells. Aβ1-40 and Aβ1-42 proteins are of great importance as biomarkers in the early diagnosis of dementia. Measurement of these biomarkers in patients with OSA may also contribute to new approaches for the early detection of dementia. To investigate salivary and urinary Aβ1–40 and Aβ1–42 levels, and evaluate the Aβ1–42/Aβ1–40 ratio as a potential non-invasive biomarker of dementia risk in patients with OSA. Materials and Methods: Twenty patients diagnosed with OSA and 15 age-matched healthy controls were included in this case-control study. Saliva and urine samples were collected from all participants. Aβ1–40 and Aβ1–42 concentrations were measured using commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits. The Aβ1–40 and Aβ1–42 levels were calculated for each sample and compared between groups. Results: Aβ1–40 levels were significantly higher in the OSA group compared with controls, whereas Aβ1–42 levels were higher in the control group. Consequently, the Aβ1–42/Aβ1–40 ratio was significantly lower in both saliva and urine samples in patients with OSA. These findings indicate a distinct alteration in peripheral amyloid profiles in OSA patients and suggest a potential shift toward a pro-amyloidogenic state. Conclusions: Salivary and urinary Aβ1-40 and Aβ1-42 profiles, particularly the Aβ1-42/Aβ1-40 ratio, may serve as promising non-invasive biomarkers for dementia risk stratification in patients with OSA. These results support the potential utility of peripheral amyloid measurements in early detection strategies prior to clinical dementia onset.

Özet

Amaç: Obstrüktif uyku apnesi (OSA), uyku sırasında üst solunum yolunun tekrarlayan çökmesi ile karakterize yaygın bir uyku bozukluğudur ve apne ve hipopne epizodlarının aralıklı olarak ortaya çıkmasına neden olur. Bu durum, gece boyunca oksijen satürasyonunda dalgalanmalara ve uyku bölünmesine yol açarak bireyin bilişsel fonksiyonlarını olumsuz etkileyebilir. Önceki çalışmalar OSA’nın demans gelişimi ile ilişkili olabileceğini göstermiştir. Demansın başlıca nedenlerinden biri olan nörodejenerasyon sürecinde amiloid beta (Aβ) 1–40 ve 1–42 proteinleri önemli bir rol oynamaktadır. OSA hastalarında bu proteinlerin beyinden temizlenmesinin bozulabileceği ve bunun sinir hücrelerinde toksik etkilere yol açabileceği düşünülmektedir. Aβ1-40 ve Aβ1-42 proteinleri, demansın erken tanısında biyobelirteç olarak büyük öneme sahiptir. OSA hastalarında bu biyobelirteçlerin ölçülmesi, demansın erken tespiti için yeni yaklaşımlara da katkı sağlayabilir. Çalışmamızın amacı, obstrüktif uyku apnesi (OSA) hastalarında tükürük ve idrar Aβ1–40 ile Aβ1–42 düzeylerini araştırmak, bu bulguları literatür doğrultusunda demans riski açısından değerlendirmek ve bu belirteçlerin potansiyel non-invaziv biyobelirteç olarak kullanılabilirliğini ortaya koymaktır. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Çalışma vaka-kontrol çalışması olup, OSA tanısı konmuş yirmi hasta ve yaş ile eşleştirilmiş 15 sağlıklı kontrol dahil edildi. Tüm katılımcılardan tükürük ve idrar örnekleri toplandı. Aβ1–40 ve Aβ1–42 konsantrasyonları, enzim bağlantılı immünosorbent test (ELISA) kitleri kullanılarak ölçüldü. Her örnek için Aβ1–42 ve Aβ1–40 düzeyleri belirlendi, oranlar hesaplandı ve gruplar arasında karşılaştırıldı. Bulgular: Aβ1–40 düzeyleri OSA grubunda kontrollere kıyasla anlamlı olarak daha yüksek bulunurken, Aβ1–42 düzeyleri kontrol grubunda daha yüksekti. Buna bağlı olarak Aβ1–42/Aβ1–40 oranı OSA hastalarının hem tükürük hem de idrar örneklerinde anlamlı olarak daha düşük bulundu. Bu bulgular, OSA hastalarında periferik amiloid profillerinde belirgin bir değişiklik olduğunu göstermektedir. Sonuçlar: Tükürük ve idrar Aβ1-40 ve Aβ1-42 profilleri, özellikle Aβ1-42/Aβ1-40 oranı, OSA hastalarında demans riski belirlenmesi için umut verici non-invaziv biyobelirteçler olarak kullanılabilir. Bu sonuçlar, klinik demans ortaya çıkmadan önce, erken tespit stratejilerinde periferik amiloid ölçümlerinin potansiyel kullanımını desteklemektedir.

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Cite This Article

Uzak, E. D., Yardımcı, T., Türe, H. S., Subaşıoğlu, A. (2026). Potential Role of Salivary and Urinary Amyloid-Β Biomarkers in Assessing Dementia Risk in Patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnea. Güncel Tıbbi Araştırmaları Dergisi, Cilt: 6 Sayı: 2, 83–98. https://doi.org/10.52818/cjmr.1988118

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