Journals / Ağrı Tıp Fakültesi Dergisi / 2026 / Cilt: 4 Sayı: 1

S₁Q₃T₃ as a prognostic marker in acute pulmonary embolism: Insights from the emergency department

Akut pulmoner embolide prognostik bir belirteç olarak S₁Q₃T₃: Acil servisten görüşler

Bahar Işık(Erzincan Binali Yıldırım University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Emergency Medicine)0000-0002-5379-6677
Irem Ates(ATATURK UNIVERSITY, SCHOOL OF MEDICINE, DEPARTMENT OF SURGICAL MEDICAL SCIENCES, DEPARTMENT OF ANESTHESIOLOGY)0000-0001-9867-5011
Halil İbrahim Tanrıseven(Erzincan Binali Yıldırım University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Cardiology)0000-0002-6915-2876
Handan Aksoy(Celal Bayar University, Faculty of Medicine, Allergy and Immunology Subspeciality Assistant)0000-0001-7656-6332
Ömer Faruk Solğun(Kula State Hospital Emergency Medicine Service)0000-0002-2725-6888
Pages
23–29
Publication Date
2026-02-28
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AI Summary & Key Takeaways

AI Insight
⚡ TL;DR(Too Long; Didn't Read)

Its detection may help emergency physicians identify high-risk patients and guide closer monitoring.

📌 3 Key Takeaways

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Objective & Hypothesis:Aim: Acute pulmonary embolism occurs when a substance traveling through the bloodstream obstructs an artery in the lungs and is associated with electrocardiographic changes such as the S₁Q₃T₃ pattern.
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Key Findings & Data:Materials and Methods: This prospective observational cohort study included 100 patients diagnosed with acute pulmonary embolism in the emergency department, without prior cardiovascular or pulmonary disease.
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Conclusion & Impact:Its detection may help emergency physicians identify high-risk patients and guide closer monitoring.
🔬Design:Klinik Araştırma
📍Scope:Comprehensive Sample
⚙️Variables:Akut pulmoner emboli · Acil servis · S₁Q₃T₃ paterni

Abstract

Aim: Acute pulmonary embolism occurs when a substance traveling through the bloodstream obstructs an artery in the lungs and is associated with electrocardiographic changes such as the S₁Q₃T₃ pattern. We aimed to investigate whether this pattern could be used as a predictor of disease severity by evaluating its effect on mortality and prognosis. Materials and Methods: This prospective observational cohort study included 100 patients diagnosed with acute pulmonary embolism in the emergency department, without prior cardiovascular or pulmonary disease. Patients with and without S₁Q₃T₃ pattern on ECG were evaluated using predefined clinical parameters. Results: A complete S₁Q₃T₃ pattern was detected in 26 patients. These patients had higher rates of prolonged ICU stay, mortality, troponin elevation, PESI scores, PESI score >150, and ward admission. Regression analysis showed that the S₁Q₃T₃ pattern was significantly associated with ward admission (OR 4.57), ICU stay ≥3 days (OR 3.33), in-hospital mortality (OR 10.00), troponin elevation (OR 6.16), and PESI score >150 (OR 3.11). It increased the risk of concurrent DVT by 4.2-fold and was associated with a 31.835-point increase in PESI score. The pattern was present in 66.66% of deceased patients and in all patients who were dead on arrival. Conclusion: The presence of complete S₁Q₃T₃ pattern may indicate worse prognosis and higher mortality. Its detection may help emergency physicians identify high-risk patients and guide closer monitoring.

Özet

Amaç: Akut pulmoner emboli, kan dolaşımı yoluyla gelen bir maddenin akciğerlerdeki bir atardamarı tıkamasıyla oluşur. S₁Q₃T₃ paterni gibi EKG değişiklikleriyle ilişkilidir. Çalışmamızda bu paternin mortalite ve prognoz üzerinde ne denli etkili olduğunu belirleyerek, hastalığın şiddetini saptamada bir öngörücü olarak kullanılabilir olup olmadığına ilişkin bir inceleme yapmak istedik. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Bu prospektif gözlemsel kohort çalışmaya, daha önce kardiyovasküler sistem (KVS) ve pulmoner sistem hastalığı olmayan, acil servisimizde (AS) APE tanısı alan 100 hasta dahil edildi. EKG’sinde S₁Q₃T₃ paterni saptanan hastalar belirlenmiş parametreler açısından değerlendirildi. Bulgular: 26 hastada komplet S₁Q₃T₃ paterni saptandı. Bu gruptaki hastalarda yoğun bakımda 3 gün veya daha uzun süre kalma, mortalite, troponin seviyeleri, PESI (Pulmoner emboli şiddet indeksi) skorları ve PESI skoru >150 olma, servise yatış oranı daha yüksekti. Sonuçlarla anlamlı şekilde ilişkili olan parametreler kullanılarak, regresyon analizi yapıldı. S₁Q₃T₃ paterni, servise yatış olasılığının (OR 4,57), 3 gün veya daha uzun süre yoğun bakım ünitesi yatışının (OR 3,33), hastane içi ölüm oranının (OR 10,00), troponin yüksekliğinin (OR 6,16) ve PESI skorunun >150 olmasının (OR 3,11) daha yüksek olasılığıyla anlamlı şekilde ilişkiliydi. S₁Q₃T₃ paterninin varlığı eş zamanlı DVT riskini 4,2 kat artırdı. Varlığı, PESI skorlarında 31,835 ünitelik bir artışla ilişkilendirildi. Bu patern hastalardan ölen 9 kişinin EKG'lerinde %66,66 oranında, başvuruda exitus kabul edilen 3 kişinin EKG’lerinde ise %100 oranında mevcuttu. Sonuç: Sadece EKG'de komplet S₁Q₃T₃ paterni bulunması bile daha kötü prognoz ve mortalite ile ilişkili olabilir. İlk değerlendirme sırasında bu bulgu, AS hekimlerini dikkatli olmaya ve tedavi stratejilerini belirlerken daha seçici olmaya yönlendirebilir.

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Cite This Article

Işık, B., Ates, I., Tanrıseven, H. İ., Aksoy, H., Solğun, Ö. F. (2026). S₁Q₃T₃ as a prognostic marker in acute pulmonary embolism: Insights from the emergency department. Ağrı Tıp Fakültesi Dergisi, Cilt: 4 Sayı: 1, 23–29. https://doi.org/10.61845/agrimedical.1729530

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