SavedAdd your journal

Journals / Textile and Apparel / 2026 / Volume: 35 Issue: 1

Investigation of Performance Properties of Wool Fabrics Treated with Bromelain from Pineapple Peel Wastes

Sena Açıkgöz(EGE ÜNİVERSİTESİ, FEN FAKÜLTESİ, BİYOKİMYA BÖLÜMÜ)0000-0003-2711-6399
Banu Özgen Keleş(EGE ÜNİVERSİTESİ, EMEL AKIN MESLEK YÜKSEKOKULU)0000-0001-9978-3268
Burcu Okutucu(EGE ÜNİVERSİTESİ, FEN FAKÜLTESİ, BİYOKİMYA BÖLÜMÜ)0000-0002-0907-4175
Pages
—
Publication Date
2025-03-31
🏛️Bibliographic metadata and full text access for this article are provided via DergiPark.
DergiPark Record ↗
✨

AI Summary & Key Takeaways

AI Insight
⚡ TL;DR(Too Long; Didn't Read)

This developed method is sustainable, low cost, high added value, innovative, and environmentally friendly.

📌 3 Key Takeaways

🎯
Objective & Hypothesis:The pilling and shrinkage of wool fabrics are major problems in the textile industry.
📊
Key Findings & Data:Chemical treatments are used to improve the performance properties of wool fabrics.
💡
Conclusion & Impact:This developed method is sustainable, low cost, high added value, innovative, and environmentally friendly.
🔬Design:Research Article
📍Scope:Comprehensive Sample
⚙️Variables:Bromelain · Waste management · wool fabric

Abstract

The pilling and shrinkage of wool fabrics are major problems in the textile industry. Chemical treatments are used to improve the performance properties of wool fabrics. These processes severely pollute the ecosystem. This study is aimed to use bromelain isolated from pineapple peel waste instead of toxic chemicals used during pretreatments to prevent shrinkage and minimize pilling in the woolen textile industry. Bromelain was isolated from pineapple peels using different techniques and isolated bromelain to be used was also encapsulated. Encapsulation was preferred to increase enzyme stability and reusability and to reduce cost. Area shrinkage, pilling, tensile strength, elongation, and weight loss tests were performed on the treated fabrics. According to the findings of this study, the isolated and encapsulated bromelain from pineapple peel wastes improved the washability of the wool fabric and eliminated the pilling problem. This developed method is sustainable, low cost, high added value, innovative, and environmentally friendly.

🔖

Cite This Article

Açıkgöz, S., Keleş, B. Ö., Okutucu, B. (2025). Investigation of Performance Properties of Wool Fabrics Treated with Bromelain from Pineapple Peel Wastes. Textile and Apparel, Volume: 35 Issue: 1. https://doi.org/10.32710/tekstilvekonfeksiyon.1424993

📄 Full Text PDF Viewer

📄

PDF görüntüleyici hazırlanıyor...

References (62)

  1. Sarangi PK, Anand Singh T, Joykumar Singh N, et al. 2022. Sustainable utilization of pineapple wastes for production of bioenergy, biochemicals and value-added products: A review. Bioresour Technol, 351:127085. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech. 2022.127085
  2. Tran T Van, Nguyen DTC, Nguyen TTT, et al. 2023. A critical review on pineapple (Ananas comosus) wastes for water treatment, challenges and future prospects towards circular economy. Sci Total Environ, 856:158817. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158817
  3. Sukri SAM, Andu Y, Tuan Harith Z, et al. 2022. Effect of feeding pineapple waste on growth performance, texture quality and flesh colour of nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) fingerlings. Saudi J Biol Sci, 29:2514–2519. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sjbs.2021.12.027
  4. Polanía AM, Londoño L, Ramírez C, et al. 2022. Valorization of pineapple waste as novel source of nutraceuticals and biofunctional compounds. Biomass Convers Biorefinery. https://doi.org/10.1007/ s13399-022-02811-8
  5. de Lencastre Novaes LC, Jozala AF, Lopes AM, et al. 2016. Stability, purification, and applications of bromelain: A review. Biotechnol Prog, 32:5–13. https://doi.org/10.1002/btpr.2190
  6. Ramli ANM, Manas NHA, Hamid AAA, et al. 2018. Comparative structural analysis of fruit and stem bromelain from Ananas comosus. Food Chem, 266:183–191. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem. 2018.05.125
  7. Ramli ANM, Aznan TNT, Illias RM. 2017. Bromelain: from production to commercialisation. J Sci Food Agric 97:1386–1395. https://doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.8122
  8. Chaurasiya RS, Umesh Hebbar H. 2013. Extraction of bromelain from pineapple core and purification by RME and precipitation methods. Sep Purif Technol, 111:90–97. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seppur. 2013.03.029
  9. Arshad ZIM, Amid A, Yusof F, et al. 2014. Bromelain: An overview of industrial application and purification strategies. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol, 98:7283–7297
  10. Manzoor Z, Nawaz A, Mukhtar H, et al. 2016. Bromelain: Methods of Extraction, Purification and Therapeutic Applications Human and Animal Health. brazilian archives of biology and technology, v 59:1–16
  11. Agrawal P, Nikhade P, Patel A, et al. 2022. Bromelain: A Potent Phytomedicine. Cureus, 14:1–8. https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.27876
  12. Hikisz P, Bernasinska-Slomczewska J. 2021 Beneficial properties of bromelain. Nutrients, 13:. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13124313
  13. Varilla C, Marcone M, Paiva L, Baptista J. 2021. Bromelain, a group of pineapple proteolytic complex enzymes (Ananas comosus) and their possible therapeutic and clinical effects. a summary. Foods, 10:. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods10102249
  14. Dalbaşi ES, Özçelik Kayseri G. 2015. A research about the effect of the anti-pilling treatments on different structured cotton knitted fabrics. Tekst ve Konfeksiyon, 25:54–60
  15. Fu J, Su J, Wang P, et al. 2015. Enzymatic processing of protein-based fibers. 10387–10397. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00253-015-6970-x
  16. Song AR, Kim HR, Song WS. 2012. Optimization of enzymatic treatment of polyamide fabrics by bromelain. Fibers Polym, 13:282–288. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12221-012-0282-x
  17. Vílchez S, Manich AM, Jovancic P, Erra P. 2008. Chitosan contribution on wool treatments with enzyme. Carbohydr Polym, 71:515–523. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2007.06.024
  18. Hassan MM, Leighs SJ. 2017. Applied Surface Science Effect of surface treatments on physicomechanical, stain-resist, and UV protection properties of wool fabrics. Appl Surf Sci, 419:348–356. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2017.05.046
  19. Hassan MM, Carr CM. 2019. A review of the sustainable methods in imparting shrink resistance to wool fabrics. J Adv Res, 18:39–60
  20. An F, Fang K, Liu X, et al. 2020. Protease and sodium alginate combined treatment of wool fabric for enhancing inkjet printing performance of reactive dyes. Int J Biol Macromol, 146:959–964. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.09.220
  21. Bakker C, Ghosh A, Tandon S, Ranford S. 2018. Surface Modification of Wool Fabric with POSS ® Nanomaterial, 19:2127–2133. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12221-018-1169-2
  22. Bulut MO, Sana NH. 2018. Modification of Woolen Fabric with Plasma for a Sustainable Production, 19:1887–1897. https://doi.org/ 10.1007/s12221-018-8488-1
  23. Kadam V, Rani S, Jose S, et al. 2021. Biomaterial based shrink resist treatment of wool fabric: A sustainable technology. Sustain Mater Technol, 29:e00298. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.susmat.2021.e00298
  24. Li Y, Noro J, Li J, et al. 2021. Grafting of Poly(tyrosine) by Laccase Improves the Tensile Strength and Anti-shrinkage of Wool. J Nat Fibers https://doi.org/10.1080/15440478.2021.2002785
  25. Rani S, Kadam V, Rose NM, et al. 2020. Wheat starch, gum arabic and chitosan biopolymer treatment of wool fabric for improved shrink resistance finishing. Int J Biol Macromol, 163:1044–1052. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.07.061
  26. Chen QH, Au KF, Yuen CMW, and Yeung KW. 2000. Development of wool shrink proofing, Textile Asia, 31(4):38-43.
  27. Levene R, Cohen Y, and Barkai D. 1996. Applying protease to confer improved shrink resistance to wool, Journal for Society for Dyers and Colorists, 112(1):6-10.
  28. Walawska, A., Rubkki E., and Filipowska B., 2006. Physicochemical changes on wool surface after an enzymatic treatment, Progress in Colloidal Polymer and Science, 132:131-137. https://doi.org/10.1007/ 2882_036
  29. Kotlińska A., Lipp-Symonowicz B. 2011. Research on the Enzymatic Treatment of Wool Fibres and Changes in Selected Properties of Wool. FIBRES & TEXTILES in Eastern Europe, 19, 3(86):88-93.
  30. Mojsov K, Janevski A, Andronikov D, Jordeva S, Gaber S., & Ignjatov I. 2020. Enzymatic treatment of wool fabrics with lipase in the improvement of some properties of wool fabrics. Tekstilna industrija, 68(1):4-11.
  31. Raja ASM, Thilagavathi G. 2010. Comparative study on the effect of acid and alkaline protease enzyme treatments on wool for improving handle and shrink resistance. The Journal of The Textile Institute, 101:9, 823-834, DOI: 10.1080/00405000902829689
  32. Cortez J, Bonner PLR, and Griffin MR. 2004. Application of tranglutaminases in the modification of wool textile, Enzyme and Microbial Technology, 34:64-72.
  33. Silva CJ, Zhang Q, Shen J, & Cavaco-Paulo A. 2006. Immobilization of proteases with a water soluble–insoluble reversible polymer for treatment of wool. Enzyme and Microbial Technology, 39(4), 634-640. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enzmictec.2005.11.016
  34. Wang L, Yao J, Niu J, Liu J, Li B, Feng M. 2018. Eco-Friendly and Highly Efficient Enzyme-Based Wool Shrinkproofing Finishing by Multiple Padding Techniques. Polymers, 10, 1213. https://doi.org/ 10.3390/polym10111213
  35. Elmastaş Gültekin Ö, Kılıç A, Özçelik Kayseri G. 2022. Stochastic Modelling of Pilling Degree Changes During the Pilling Process of Wool Fabrics. Tekst ve Konfeksiyon, 32:65–76. https://doi.org/ 10.32710/tekstilvekonfeksiyon.974026
  36. Yap PH, Wang X, Wang L, Ong KL. 2010. Prediction of Wool Knitwear Pilling Propensity using Support Vector Machines. Text Res J, 80:77–83. https://doi.org/10.1177/0040517509102226
  37. Tusief MQ, Mahmood N, Saleem M. 2012. Effect of different anti pilling agents to reduce pilling on polyester/ cotton fabric. J Chem Soc Pakistan, 34:53–57
  38. Zhu L, Ding X, Wu X. 2020. A novel method for improving the anti-pilling property of knitted wool fabric with engineered water nanostructures. J Mater Res Technol, 9:3649–3658. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.jmrt.2020.01.102
  39. Ukponmwan JO, Mukhopadhyay A, Chatterjee KN. 1998. Pilling. Text Prog, 28:1–57. https://doi.org/10.1080/00405169808688874
  40. Wu J, Wang L, Xiao Z, et al. 2021. Wool knitted fabric pilling objective evaluation based on double-branch convolutional neural network. J Text Inst, 112:1037–1045. https://doi.org/10.1080/ 00405000.2020.1821984
  41. Korzeniewska E, Sekulska-Nalewajko J, Goclawski J, Walczak M. 2018. Assessment of pilling effect on the laser modified textile substrates. 2018 Appl Electromagn Mod Tech Med PTZE, 129–132. https://doi.org/10.1109/PTZE.2018.8503229
  42. Kaur A, Chakraborty JN. 2015. Optimization of Bromelain Treatment pH with Wool for Antifelting and Reduced Pilling Behaviour: Objective Assessment Approach. J Text, 2015:1–7. https://doi.org/ 10.1155/2015/230879
  43. Kaur A, Chakraborty JN. 2015. Controlled eco-friendly shrink-resist finishing of wool using bromelain. J Clean Prod, 108:503–513. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2015.07.147
  44. Koh J, Kang S, Kim S, et al. 2006. Effect of Pineapple Protease on the Characteristics of Protein Fibers. Fibers Polym, 7:180–185
  45. Soares PAG, Vaz AFM, Correia MTS, et al. 2012. Purification of bromelain from pineapple wastes by ethanol precipitation. Sep Purif Technol, 98:389–395. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seppur.2012.06.042
  46. Soares P, Coelho D, Mazzola P, et al. 2011. Studies on bromelain precipitation by Ethanol, poly (Ethylene Glycol) and Ammonium Sulphate. Chem Eng Trans, 24:979–984. https://doi.org/10.3303/CET1124164
  47. Lowry OH, Rosebrough NJ, Farr AL, Randall RJ. 1951. Protein measurement with the Folin phenol reagent. J Biol Chem, 193:265–275. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0021-9258(19)52451-6
  48. Kunitz M. 1946. Crystalline soybean trypsin inhibitor. J Gen Physiol, 29:149–154. https://doi.org/10.1085/jgp.29.3.149
  49. Demir A, Arık B, Ozdogan E, Seventekin N. 2010. The comparison of the effect of enzyme, peroxide, plasma and chitosan processes on wool fabrics and evaluation for antimicrobial activity. Fibers Polym, 11, 989-995. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12221-010-0989-5
  50. Pascual E, Julià MR. 2001. The role of chitosan in wool finishing. J. Biotech. 89(2-3): 289-296. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0168-1656(01)00311-X
  51. Xu L, Zhang N, Wang Q, Yuan J, Yu Y, Wang P, Fan, X. 2019. Eco-friendly grafting of chitosan as a biopolymer onto wool fabrics using horseradish peroxidase. Fibers Polym, 20, 261-270. https://doi.org/10. 1007/s12221-019-8546-3
  52. Onar N, Sariişik M. 2004. Application of enzymes and chitosan biopolymer to the antifelting finishing process. Journal of applied polymer science, 93(6), 2903-2908. https://doi.org/10.1002/app.20864
  53. Fan W, Yan W, Xu Z, Ni H. 2012. Formation mechanism of monodisperse, low molecular weight chitosan nanoparticles by ionic gelation technique. Colloids Surfaces B Biointerfaces, 90:21–27. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfb.2011.09.042
  54. Sacco P, Paoletti S, Cok M, et al. 2016 Insight into the ionotropic gelation of chitosan using tripolyphosphate and pyrophosphate as cross-linkers. Int J Biol Macromol, 92:476–483. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2016.07.056
  55. Jeong D, Choi KY. 2020. Biodegradation of Tetracycline Antibiotic by Laccase Biocatalyst Immobilized on Chitosan-Tripolyphosphate Beads. Appl Biochem Microbiol, 56:306–312. https://doi.org/10.1134/ S0003683820030047
  56. Yan M, Chen T, Zhang S, et al. 2021. A core-shell structured alginate hydrogel beads with tunable thickness of carboxymethyl cellulose coating for pH responsive drug delivery. J Biomater Sci Polym Ed, 32:763–778. https://doi.org/10.1080/09205063.2020.1866350
  57. Wang Q, Fan X, Hu Y, et al. 2009. Antibacterial functionalization of wool fabric via immobilizing lysozymes. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng, 32:633–639. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00449-008-0286-5
  58. Silvestre MPC, Carreira RL, Silva MR, et al. 2012. Effect of pH and Temperature on the Activity of Enzymatic Extracts from Pineapple Peel. Food Bioprocess Technol, 5:1824–1831
  59. Vílchez S, Jovančić P, Erra P. 2010. Influence of chitosan on the effects of proteases on wool fibers. Fibers Polym, 11:28–35. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12221-010-0028-6
  60. Demirkan E, Kut D, Sevgi T, et al. 2020. Investigation of effects of protease enzyme produced by Bacillus subtilis 168 E6-5 and commercial enzyme on physical properties of woolen fabric. J Text Inst, 111:26–35. https://doi.org/10.1080/00405000.2019.1624069
  61. Ammayappan L. 2013. Application of enzyme on woollen products for its value addition: An overview. Journal of Textile and Apparel Technology and Management, 8(3):1-12.
  62. Hassan MM, Leighs SJ. 2017. Applied Surface Science Effect of surface treatments on physicomechanical, stain-resist, and UV protection properties of wool fabrics. Appl Surf Sci, 419:348–356. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2017.05.046