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Journals / Sakarya University Journal of Science / 2026 / Volume: 30 Issue: 4

Enhanced Adsorption Performance of Coconut Shell Activated Carbon for Paracetamol Removal

Dhilleswara Rao Vaddi(GMR Institute of Technology)0000-0002-3931-0570
Malla Balakrishna(Lendi Institute of Engineering and Technology)0000-0002-1513-9932
Dr.baburao Gaddala(School of Studies of Engineering and Technology)0000-0003-4190-8325
Appalanaridu Jammu(Avanthi's St. Theresa Institute of Technology)0009-0005-5687-7148
Pages
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Publication Date
2026-08-29
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AI Summary & Key Takeaways

AI Insight
⚡ TL;DR(Too Long; Didn't Read)

The kinetic results shows that the pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order (R2=0.9992) models explained a mechanism driven mainly by chemisorption.

📌 3 Key Takeaways

🎯
Objective & Hypothesis:Activated carbon form coconut shell (CSAC) was investigated in this study as an efficient adsorbent for the removal of paracetamol from aqueous solution.
📊
Key Findings & Data:Batch experiments were conducted to investigate the influence of operational parameters, such as pH, CSAC dosage, contact time, and initial paracetamol concentration, on adsorption performance.
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Conclusion & Impact:The kinetic results shows that the pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order (R2=0.9992) models explained a mechanism driven mainly by chemisorption.
🔬Design:Modeling & Simulation
📍Scope:Comprehensive Sample
⚙️Variables:Adsorption · Coconut shell · Activated carbon

Abstract

Activated carbon form coconut shell (CSAC) was investigated in this study as an efficient adsorbent for the removal of paracetamol from aqueous solution. The morphology of the surface of the adsorbent before and after adsorption was done using SEM and FTIR. Batch experiments were conducted to investigate the influence of operational parameters, such as pH, CSAC dosage, contact time, and initial paracetamol concentration, on adsorption performance. Under optimum conditions of pH 4.0, the maximum uptake of paracetamol on the surface of the CSAC is of 129.27mg g-1. Adsorption isotherm studies were conducted in the present study to describe the behaviour of equilibrium; the results were fitted to the Langmuir (R2=0.9965) than the Freundlich models shows favourable adsorption occurs due to the involvement of monolayer surface interactions. The kinetic results shows that the pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order (R2=0.9992) models explained a mechanism driven mainly by chemisorption. The diffusion models(intraparticle and film diffusion) demonstrates the presence of a multistage process, where initially film diffusion controls adsorption, where the paracetamol molecules move towards the external surface of CSAC through liquid films.Subsequently, the molecules are absorbed in the pores of the adsorbent particle by the action of intraparticle diffusion. Thermodynamic studies reveals that adsorption process is an exothermic reaction. According to the results obtained from the regeneration study, it is observed that the CSAC is able to retain a significant percentage of its adsorption capacity when regenerated with ethanol. Cost estimation study reveal that CSAC is economically feasible material for the adsorption of paracetamol.

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Cite This Article

Vaddi, D. R., Balakrishna, M., Gaddala, D., Jammu, A. (2026). Enhanced Adsorption Performance of Coconut Shell Activated Carbon for Paracetamol Removal. Sakarya University Journal of Science, Volume: 30 Issue: 4. https://doi.org/10.16984/saufenbilder.1843154

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