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Journals / Pamukkale Journal of Sport Sciences / 2026 / Volume: 17 Issue: 2

Post-Activation Performance Enhancement in Soccer Players: Effects of Different Contraction Types and Rest Intervals on Change of Direction Ability

Neslihan Akçay(KARABÜK ÜNİVERSİTESİ)0000-0001-6291-5351
Kadir Keskin(GAZI UNIVERSITY, SCHOOL OF PHYSICAL EDUCATION AND SPORTS, DEPARTMENT OF SPORTS, DEPARTMENT OF SPORT MANAGEMENT)0000-0002-7458-7225
Cem Sofuoğlu(GAZİ ÜNİVERSİTESİ, SAĞLIK BİLİMLERİ ENSTİTÜSÜ, ANTRENMAN VE HAREKET BİLİMLERİ (YL) (TEZLİ))0009-0004-4327-0796
Kerem Can Yıldız(GAZİ ÜNİVERSİTESİ, SAĞLIK BİLİMLERİ ENSTİTÜSÜ, ANTRENMAN VE HAREKET BİLİMLERİ (DR))0000-0003-3374-1000
Nilsu Süpürgeci(KARABUK UNIVERSITY)0009-0002-2277-6179
Erşan Arslan(TOKAT GAZİOSMANPAŞA ÜNİVERSİTESİ, SPOR BİLİMLERİ FAKÜLTESİ)0000-0002-2933-6937
Pages
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Publication Date
2026-08-25
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AI Summary & Key Takeaways

AI Insight
⚡ TL;DR(Too Long; Didn't Read)

In conclusion, these results indicate that neither the isometric nor the dynamic exercise protocols produced a pronounced PAPE effect on CoD performance.

📌 3 Key Takeaways

🎯
Objective & Hypothesis:Isometric and dynamic contraction protocols are commonly used in sports to achieve post-activation performance enhancement (PAPE).
📊
Key Findings & Data:Although rest intervals in PAPE protocols have been widely investigated, the effects of different PAPE methods on performance across recovery intervals remain unclear.
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Conclusion & Impact:In conclusion, these results indicate that neither the isometric nor the dynamic exercise protocols produced a pronounced PAPE effect on CoD performance.
🔬Design:Research Article
📍Scope:Comprehensive Sample
⚙️Variables:Change of Direction · Dynamic Contraction · Isometric Contraction

Abstract

Isometric and dynamic contraction protocols are commonly used in sports to achieve post-activation performance enhancement (PAPE). Although rest intervals in PAPE protocols have been widely investigated, the effects of different PAPE methods on performance across recovery intervals remain unclear. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the effects of post-activation potentiation induced by different contraction types on change-of-direction performance under varying rest durations. Twenty male soccer players (age: 20.9 ± 1.3 years; training experience: 7.6 ± 2.7 years; height: 176.9 ± 5.7 cm; body weight: 74.3 ± 7.5 kg) voluntarily participated in this study. The study used a randomized, crossover design, with 48-hour intervals over three non-consecutive days. On the first day, anthropometric characteristics and one-repetition maximum (1RM) knee extension performance were assessed. Following a standardized warm-up protocol, change-of-direction (CoD) test performance was recorded on the second and third days. After a 5-minute passive rest, participants performed either a dynamic (1 set of 3 repetitions at 90% 1RM) or an isometric (3 sets of 3 seconds, with 2-minute rest intervals) knee extension protocol. Subsequently, CoD tests were conducted at 15 seconds, 3, 6, 9, and 12 minutes post-activation. No significant main or interaction effects were observed for contraction type or recovery interval (p > .05). Furthermore, no significant differences in rest intervals were observed between the isometric and dynamic protocols (F = 1.383, p = .255, ηp2 = .061). In conclusion, these results indicate that neither the isometric nor the dynamic exercise protocols produced a pronounced PAPE effect on CoD performance.

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Cite This Article

Akçay, N., Keskin, K., Sofuoğlu, C., Yıldız, K. C., Süpürgeci, N., Arslan, E. (2026). Post-Activation Performance Enhancement in Soccer Players: Effects of Different Contraction Types and Rest Intervals on Change of Direction Ability. Pamukkale Journal of Sport Sciences, Volume: 17 Issue: 2. https://doi.org/10.54141/psbd.1873081

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