Journals / Journal of Marine and Engineering Technology / 2026 / Cilt: 6 Sayı: 1

The Impact of Global Crises on Turkish and EU Ports (2004–2024)

Küresel Krizlerin Türk ve Avrupa Birliği Limanları Üzerindeki Etkisi (2004–2024)

Hüseyin Atillahan Bektaş(YILDIZ TEKNİK ÜNİVERSİTESİ, GEMİ İNŞAATI VE DENİZCİLİK FAKÜLTESİ, GEMİ İNŞAATI VE GEMİ MAKİNELERİ MÜHENDİSLİĞİ BÖLÜMÜ, GEMİ İNŞAATI VE GEMİ MAKİNELERİ MÜHENDİSLİĞİ PR.)0009-0007-2265-3685
Serdar Turgut İnce(YILDIZ TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY)0000-0002-7292-8292
Pages
60–76
Publication Date
2026-06-30
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AI Summary & Key Takeaways

AI Insight
⚡ TL;DR(Too Long; Didn't Read)

The findings indicate a strong positive long-term relationship between cargo throughput trends in Türkiye and the European Union, suggesting that both regions are influenced by global economic cycles.

📌 3 Key Takeaways

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Objective & Hypothesis:Maritime transportation is a major component of global trade and is highly vulnerable to economic, geopolitical, health, and environmental disruptions.
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Key Findings & Data:This study examines the effects of major international and regional crises on maritime trade by comparing cargo throughput trends in Turkish and European Union ports between 2004 and 2024.
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Conclusion & Impact:The findings indicate a strong positive long-term relationship between cargo throughput trends in Türkiye and the European Union, suggesting that both regions are influenced by global economic cycles.
🔬Design:Modeling & Simulation
📍Scope:2004 Verileri
⚙️Variables:Deniz taşımacılığı · liman yük hacmi · küresel krizler

Abstract

Maritime transportation is a major component of global trade and is highly vulnerable to economic, geopolitical, health, and environmental disruptions. This study examines the effects of major international and regional crises on maritime trade by comparing cargo throughput trends in Turkish and European Union ports between 2004 and 2024. It evaluates the resilience of these port systems by analyzing how port activity responded to external shocks over time. The analysis covers the 2008–2009 Global Financial Crisis, the Arab Spring in 2011, the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020, the Russia–Ukraine War in 2022, and the 2023 earthquakes in Türkiye. Annual cargo throughput data obtained from official Turkish and European sources were combined with the Baltic Dry Index as an indicator of global shipping market conditions. The dataset was processed and analyzed in Python using descriptive statistics, trend analysis, correlation analysis, and regression models with crisis-period dummy variables. The findings indicate a strong positive long-term relationship between cargo throughput trends in Türkiye and the European Union, suggesting that both regions are influenced by global economic cycles. However, their short-term responses to crises differed. Crisis periods were generally associated with lower cargo throughput growth in both regions, although the magnitude and persistence of these effects varied by crisis type and region. The 2023 earthquakes caused substantial operational disruption in Türkiye and highlighted the importance of resilient infrastructure and disaster preparedness. The study also identifies a moderate positive correlation between cargo throughput growth and global freight market conditions. Overall, the findings provide empirical evidence on the vulnerability and resilience of port systems under crisis conditions and improve understanding of how maritime trade responds to major external shocks.

Özet

Deniz taşımacılığı, küresel ticaretin temel bileşenlerinden biri olup ekonomik, jeopolitik, sağlıkla ilgili ve çevresel krizlere karşı oldukça hassastır. Bu çalışma, 2004–2024 döneminde Türkiye ve Avrupa Birliği limanlarındaki yük elleçleme eğilimlerini karşılaştırarak başlıca uluslararası ve bölgesel krizlerin deniz ticareti üzerindeki etkilerini incelemektedir. Çalışmanın amacı, liman faaliyetlerinin dışsal şoklara zaman içinde nasıl tepki verdiğini analiz ederek farklı liman sistemlerinin dayanıklılığını değerlendirmektir. Analiz; 2008–2009 Küresel Finans Krizi, 2011 Arap Baharı, 2020 COVID-19 pandemisi, 2022 Rusya–Ukrayna Savaşı ve 2023 Türkiye depremlerini kapsamaktadır. Resmî Türk ve Avrupa kaynaklarından elde edilen yıllık yük elleçleme verileri, küresel deniz taşımacılığı piyasası koşullarının bir göstergesi olan Baltık Kuru Yük Endeksi ile birleştirilmiştir. Veri seti Python kullanılarak işlenmiş; betimsel istatistikler, eğilim analizi, korelasyon analizi ve kriz dönemlerine ait kukla değişkenlerin kullanıldığı regresyon modelleri uygulanmıştır. Bulgular, Türkiye ve Avrupa Birliği limanlarındaki yük elleçleme eğilimleri arasında güçlü ve pozitif bir uzun dönemli ilişki bulunduğunu ve her iki bölgenin de küresel ekonomik döngülerden etkilendiğini göstermektedir. Bununla birlikte, krizlere verilen kısa vadeli tepkiler farklılık göstermiştir. Kriz dönemleri her iki bölgede de daha düşük yük elleçleme büyümesiyle ilişkilendirilmiş, ancak etkilerin büyüklüğü ve kalıcılığı kriz türüne ve bölgeye göre değişmiştir. Özellikle 2023 depremleri, Türkiye’de liman operasyonlarında önemli aksamalara yol açmış ve dayanıklı altyapı ile afet hazırlığının önemini ortaya koymuştur. Çalışma ayrıca yük elleçleme büyümesi ile küresel navlun piyasası koşulları arasında orta düzeyde pozitif bir ilişki belirlemiştir. Genel olarak bulgular, kriz koşullarında liman sistemlerinin kırılganlığı ve dayanıklılığına ilişkin ampirik kanıtlar sunmaktadır.

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Cite This Article

Bektaş, H. A., İnce, S. T. (2026). The Impact of Global Crises on Turkish and EU Ports (2004–2024). Journal of Marine and Engineering Technology, Cilt: 6 Sayı: 1, 60–76. https://doi.org/10.58771/joinmet.1963202

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