Journals / International Journal of Social Inquiry / 2019 / Cilt: 12 - Sayı: 2

THE PROTECTION OF WHALES IN INTERNATIONAL LAW AND THE JUDGEMENT OF JAPAN - AUSTRALIA & NEW ZEALAND ON THE INTERNATIONAL COURT OF JUSTICE

ULUSLARARASI HUKUKTA BALİNALARIN KORUNMASI VE ULUSLARARASI ADALET DİVANININ JAPONYA - AVUSTRALYA & YENİ ZELANDA KARARI

Pages
719–755
DOI
—
🏛️Bibliographic metadata and full text access for this article are provided via DergiPark.
DergiPark Record ↗
✨

AI Summary & Key Takeaways

AI Insight
⚡ TL;DR(Too Long; Didn't Read)

As a result of this case, the ICJ concluded that the whaling program conducted by Japan for scientific research named JARPA II violated the provision of the contract which allows "whaling for scientific purposes".

📌 3 Key Takeaways

🎯
Objective & Hypothesis:The most comprehensive arrangements for the protection of whales in international law are placed in the International Convention for the Regulation of Whaling (IWCR).
📊
Key Findings & Data:According to this agreement whales can be hunted for scientific purposes.
💡
Conclusion & Impact:As a result of this case, the ICJ concluded that the whaling program conducted by Japan for scientific research named JARPA II violated the provision of the contract which allows "whaling for scientific purposes".
🔬Design:Research Article
📍Scope:Comprehensive Sample
⚙️Variables:Domain Parameters

Abstract

The most comprehensive arrangements for the protection of whales in international law are placed in the International Convention for the Regulation of Whaling (IWCR). According to this agreement whales can be hunted for scientific purposes. There is also a decision prohibiting commercial whaling, taken by the Commission (IWC), which was set up to implement the provisions of the agreement. Japan based her whaling activities in Antarctica and Southern Ocean in the extent of JARPA II program on the provision of the agreement that allow whaling for scientific purposes. The legal issue was brought before the International Court of Justice (ICJ) in order to resolve the dispute and to understand the scope of the dispute by Australia on the grounds that this activity constituted a breach of the relevant provision of the contract. As a result of this case, the ICJ concluded that the whaling program conducted by Japan for scientific research named JARPA II violated the provision of the contract which allows "whaling for scientific purposes". In this article International Regulations on Whaling, and the decree of ICJ related to relevant dispute will be examined.

Özet

Uluslararası hukukta balinaların korunması konusunda en kapsamlı düzenlemeler Uluslararası Balina Avcılığının Düzenlenmesi Sözleşmesi’nde (IWCR) yer almaktadır. Bu sözleşme uyarınca balinalar bilimsel amaçlar doğrultusunda avlanabilirler. Ayrıca sözleşme hükümlerinin uygulanmasını sağlamak amacıyla kurulan Komisyonun (IWC) ticari balina avcılığını yasakladığı bir kararı bulunmaktadır. Japonya, JARPA II programı çerçevesinde Antarktika’da, Güney Okyanusu’nda sürdürmüş olduğu balina avlama faaliyetini sözleşmenin bilimsel amaçlar doğrultusunda balina avlanabileceğine ilişkin hükmüne dayandırmaktadır. Bu kapsamda yapılan bu faaliyetin sözleşmenin ilgili hükmünün ihlalini oluşturduğu gerekçesiyle Avustralya tarafından ilgili uyuşmazlığın çözümlenmesi ve söz konusu hükmün kapsamının anlaşılması amacıyla, hukuki sorun Uluslararası Adalet Divanı’nın önüne getirilmiştir. Bu dava sonucunda Uluslararası Adalet Divanı, Japonya’nın JARPA II adlı bilimsel araştırma amacıyla yürüttüğü balina avlama programının sözleşmenin “bilimsel amaçlarla balina avlanabileceğine” ilişkin hükmünü ihlal ettiği sonucuna varmıştır. Bu makalede balina avcılığına ilişkin uluslararası düzenlemelerle, Uluslararası Adalet Divanı’nın ilgili uyuşmazlığın çözümüne yönelik olarak vermiş olduğu bu karar incelenecektir.

🔖

Cite This Article

REÇBER, S. (2019). THE PROTECTION OF WHALES IN INTERNATIONAL LAW AND THE JUDGEMENT OF JAPAN - AUSTRALIA & NEW ZEALAND ON THE INTERNATIONAL COURT OF JUSTICE. International Journal of Social Inquiry, Cilt: 12 - Sayı: 2, 719–755. https://ajindex.com/articles/161632

📄 Full Text PDF Viewer

📄

PDF görüntüleyici hazırlanıyor...

References (15)

  1. Alexandar, Kristina (2013). “The International Whaling Convention (IWC) and Legal Issues Related to Aboriginal Rights”. Congressional Research Service, 22, 1-18.
  2. Birnie, Patricia; Boyle, Alan; Redgwell, Katherina (2009). International Law and the Environment. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  3. Bobcook, Hope M. (2013). “Why Changing Norms is a More Just Solution to the Failed International Regulatory Regime to Protect Whales than a Trading Program in Whale Shares”. Stanford Environmental Law Journal, 32(3), 3-85.
  4. Bowman, Micheal; Davier Peter; Redgwell, Catherine (2010). Lyster’s International Wild Life. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  5. Caddell, Richard (2014). “Science Friction: Antarctic Research Whaling and the International Court of Justice”. Journal of Environmental Law, 26, 331-340.
  6. Clapham, Phillip J.(2015). “Japon’s whaling following the International Court of Justice Ruling: Brave New World - or Business as Usual”. Marina Policy, 51, 238-241.
  7. Dicenso, Matt (2016). “Trouble on the High Seas: A Need for Change in the Wake of Australia v. Japan”. Boston College Internatıonal and Comparative Law Review, 39(3), 13-27.
  8. Geddis, Elana; Penelope, Ridings (2013). “Whaling in the Antarctic: Some Reflections vy Counsel”.New Zealand Yearbook of International Law, 11, 143-158.
  9. Gillespie, Alexander (2000). “Whaling Under a Scientific Auspice: The Ethics of Scientific Research Whaling Operations”. Journal of International Wildlife Law Policy, 3(1), 1-49
  10. Gross, Guillaume (2015). “The ICJ’s Handling of Science in the Whaling in the Antarctic Case: A Whale of a Case”. Journal of International Dispute Settlement, 6, 578-620.
  11. Harari, Yuval Noah (2017). Hayvanlardan Tanrılara Sapiens: İnsan Türünün Kısa Bir Tarihi. İstanbul:
  12. Kolektif Kitap. Hoyt, Erich; Hvenegaard, Glen T. (2002). “A Review a Whale - Watching and Whaling with Applications for the Caribbean”. Coastal Management, 30(4), 381-399.
  13. Lima, Lucas Carlos (2015), “The Evidential Weight of Experts before the ICJ: Reflections on the Whaling in the Antarctic Case”. Journal of International Dispute Settlement, 6, 621-635.
  14. Papastavrou, Vassili (1996). “Sustainable Use of Whales: Whaling or Whale Watching”, Taylor, Victoria J.; Dunstone, Nigel (Der.), The Exploitation of Mammal Populations, London: Chapman/Hall, 102-113.
  15. Sand, Peter H. (2008). “Japan’s ‘Research Whaling’ in the Antarctic Southern Ocean and the North Pacific Ocean in the Face of the Endangered Species Convention (CITES )”, RECIEL, 17(1), 56-71.