SavedAdd your journal

Journals / Gazi Üniversitesi Fen Fakültesi Dergisi / 2026 / Cilt: 7 Sayı: 1

Bizmut Temelli Nanoyapılar ve İletken Polimer Kompozitlerinin Görünür Işık Destekli Persülfat Aktivasyonuyla Metil Oranj Giderimi ve Daphnia magna Üzerindeki Toksisitesinin Değerlendirilmesi

Can Ergün(ANKARA UNIVERSITY)0000-0003-2423-3274
Saniye Cevher Özeren(ANKARA UNIVERSITY)0000-0002-8509-0548
Pages
57–76
Publication Date
2026-05-26
🏛️Bibliographic metadata and full text access for this article are provided via DergiPark.
DergiPark Record ↗
✨

AI Summary & Key Takeaways

AI Insight
⚡ TL;DR(Too Long; Didn't Read)

Ayrıca, sürecin çevresel güvenilirliğini değerlendirmek için, bizmut temelli iletken polimer kompozitlerin toksikolojik etkileri Daphnia magna üzerinde test edilmiş ve sonuçlar, bizmut temelli iletken polimer kompozitlerin görünür ışık destekli persülfat aktivasyonu için umut vadeden ve sürdürülebilir bir ileri oksidasyon platformu sunduğunu göstermiştir.

📌 3 Key Takeaways

🎯
Objective & Hypothesis:Bizmut temelli iletken polimer kompozitler sentezlenerek görünür ışık altında persülfat aktivasyonu yoluyla metil oranj boyasının giderilmesi için performansları kapsamlı bir şekilde değerlendirilmiştir.
📊
Key Findings & Data:Sentezlenen kompozitlerin yapısal ve morfolojik özellikleri çeşitli karakterizasyon teknikleri kullanılarak incelenmiş ve giderim performansları, LED destekli görünür ışık ve sodyum persülfat varlığında model kirletici olarak metil oranj kullanılarak test edilmiştir.
💡
Conclusion & Impact:Ayrıca, sürecin çevresel güvenilirliğini değerlendirmek için, bizmut temelli iletken polimer kompozitlerin toksikolojik etkileri Daphnia magna üzerinde test edilmiş ve sonuçlar, bizmut temelli iletken polimer kompozitlerin görünür ışık destekli persülfat aktivasyonu için umut vadeden ve sürdürülebilir bir ileri oksidasyon platformu sunduğunu göstermiştir.
🔬Design:Modeling & Simulation
📍Scope:Comprehensive Sample
⚙️Variables:Su kirliliği · İletken polimer katalizörler · İleri oksidasyon prosesleri

Özet

Bizmut temelli iletken polimer kompozitler sentezlenerek görünür ışık altında persülfat aktivasyonu yoluyla metil oranj boyasının giderilmesi için performansları kapsamlı bir şekilde değerlendirilmiştir. Sentezlenen kompozitlerin yapısal ve morfolojik özellikleri çeşitli karakterizasyon teknikleri kullanılarak incelenmiş ve giderim performansları, LED destekli görünür ışık ve sodyum persülfat varlığında model kirletici olarak metil oranj kullanılarak test edilmiştir. Sonuçlar, heterojen fotokatalitik sistemde persülfat kullanımının metil oranj giderme verimliliğini yaklaşık %90'a çıkardığını göstermiştir. Ayrıca, sürecin çevresel güvenilirliğini değerlendirmek için, bizmut temelli iletken polimer kompozitlerin toksikolojik etkileri Daphnia magna üzerinde test edilmiş ve sonuçlar, bizmut temelli iletken polimer kompozitlerin görünür ışık destekli persülfat aktivasyonu için umut vadeden ve sürdürülebilir bir ileri oksidasyon platformu sunduğunu göstermiştir.

🔖

Cite This Article

Ergün, C., Özeren, S. C. (2026). Bizmut Temelli Nanoyapılar ve İletken Polimer Kompozitlerinin Görünür Işık Destekli Persülfat Aktivasyonuyla Metil Oranj Giderimi ve Daphnia magna Üzerindeki Toksisitesinin Değerlendirilmesi. Gazi Üniversitesi Fen Fakültesi Dergisi, Cilt: 7 Sayı: 1, 57–76. https://doi.org/10.63716/guffd.1920287

📄 Full Text PDF Viewer

📄

PDF görüntüleyici hazırlanıyor...

References (63)

  1. Kolya, H. and Kang, C.W. (2024). Toxicity of Metal Oxides, Dyes, and Dissolved Organic Matter in Water: Implications for the Environment and Human Health. Toxics, 12(2), 111-117.
  2. Lekhak, U.M. (2023). Ecotoxicity of synthetic dyes. Current Developments in Bioengineering and Biotechnology: Advances in Eco-friendly and Sustainable Technologies for the Treatment of Textile Wastewater. Elsevier, 45-67.
  3. Arora, C., Soni, S., Bajpai, P.K., Mittal, J., and Mariyam, A. (2021). Dye Removal From Waste Water Using Metal Organic Frameworks. Management of Contaminants of Emerging Concern (CEC) in Environment. Elsevier, 375-394.
  4. Saad, I., Ralha, N., Abukhadra, M.R., Al Zoubi, W., and Ko, Y.G. (2023). Recent advances in photocatalytic oxidation techniques for decontamination of water. Journal of Water Process Engineering, 52, 103572.
  5. Shukla, S. (2013). Transforming magnetic photocatalyst to magnetic dye-adsorbent catalyst. Nanomaterials: Synthesis, Characterization, and Applications. (1. Baskı). New York: Apple Academic Press, 20.
  6. Saigl, Z., Tifouti, O., Alkhanbashi, B., Alharbi, G., and Algamdi, H. (2023). Chitosan as adsorbent for removal of some organic dyes: a review. Chemical Papers, 77(5), 2363-2405.
  7. Parmar, N.D. and Shukla, S.R. (2018). Decolourization of dye wastewater by microbial methods- A review. Indian Journal of Chemical Technology, 25(4), 315-323.
  8. Sahu, B. and Chopra, L. (2023). A Review On Removal Of Toxic Colorants From The Industrial Effluent Via Advanced Metal Oxide Semiconductor. Symposium On Synthesis, Characterization & Processing Of Inorganic, Bio And Nano Materials: SCPINM-2021. AIP Conference Proceedings. India: AIP Publishing LLC. 2535(1), 030007.
  9. Tortajada, C. (2020). Contributions of recycled wastewater to clean water and sanitation Sustainable Development Goals. NPJ Clean Water, 3(1), 22.
  10. Oller, I., Malato, S., and Sánchez-Pérez, J.A. (2011). Combination of advanced oxidation processes and biological treatments for wastewater decontamination—a review. Science of The Total Environment, 409(20), 4141-4166.
  11. Hassani, A., Malhotra, M., Karim, A.V., Krishnan, S., and Nidheesh, P. (2022). Recent progress on ultrasound-assisted electrochemical processes: A review on mechanism, reactor strategies, and applications for wastewater treatment. Environmental Research, 205, 112463.
  12. Dai, Q., Shen, H., Xia, Y., Chen, F., Wang, J., and Chen, J. (2013). The application of a novel Ti/SnO2–Sb2O3/PTFE-La-Ce-β-PbO2 anode on the degradation of cationic gold yellow X-GL in sono-electrochemical oxidation system. Separation and Purification Technology, 104, 9-16.
  13. Shahabuddin, S., Muhamad Sarih, N., Mohamad, S., and Joon Ching, J. (2016). SrTiO3 nanocube-doped polyaniline nanocomposites with enhanced photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue under visible light. Polymers, 8(2), 27.
  14. Riaz, U. and Ashraf, S. (2015). Microwave-induced catalytic degradation of a textile dye using bentonite–poly (o-toluidine) nanohybrid. RSC Advances, 5(5), 3276-3285.
  15. Babuponnusami, A. and Muthukumar, K. (2012). Advanced oxidation of phenol: a comparison between Fenton, electro-Fenton, sono-electro-Fenton and photo-electro-Fenton processes. Chemical Engineering Journal, 183, 1-9.
  16. Ganiyu, S.O., Martínez-Huitle, C.A., and Oturan, M.A. (2021). Electrochemical advanced oxidation processes for wastewater treatment: Advances in formation and detection of reactive species and mechanisms. Current Opinion in Electrochemistry, 27, 100678.
  17. Du, H., Wang, X., Zhang, Y., Xu, G., Tu, Y., Jia, X., Wu, D., Xie, X., and Liu, Y. (2022). Insights into the photocatalytic activation of peroxymonosulfate by visible light over BiOBr-cyclodextrin polymer complexes for efficient degradation of dye pollutants in water. Environmental Research, 207, 112160.
  18. Du, X., Bai, X., Xu, L., Yang, L., and Jin, P. (2020). Visible-light activation of persulfate by TiO2/g-C3N4 photocatalyst toward efficient degradation of micropollutants. Chemical Engineering Journal, 384, 123245.
  19. He, S., Chen, Y., Li, X., Zeng, L., and Zhu, M. (2022). Heterogeneous Photocatalytic Activation of Persulfate for the Removal of Organic Contaminants in Water: A Critical Review. ACS ES&T Engineering, 2(4), 527-546.
  20. Yang, Q., Ma, Y., Chen, F., Yao, F., Sun, J., Wang, S., Yi, K., Hou, L., Li, X., and Wang, D. (2019). Recent advances in photo-activated sulfate radical-advanced oxidation process (SR-AOP) for refractory organic pollutants removal in water. Chemical Engineering Journal, 378, 122149.
  21. Ahmed, S.N. and Haider, W. (2018). Heterogeneous photocatalysis and its potential applications in water and wastewater treatment: A review. Nanotechnology, 29(34), 342001.
  22. Foteinis, S. and Chatzisymeon, E. (2020). Heterogeneous photocatalysis for water purification. Nanostructured Photocatalysts: From Materials to Applications in Solar Fuels and Environmental Remediation. Elsevier, 75-97.
  23. Mehmood, C.T., Zhong, Z., Zhou, H., Zhang, C., and Xiao, Y. (2020). Immobilizing a visible light-responsive photocatalyst on a recyclable polymeric composite for floating and suspended applications in water treatment. RSC Advances, 10(60), 36349-36362.
  24. Rueda-Marquez, J.J., Levchuk, I., Fernández Ibañez, P., and Sillanpää, M. (2020). A critical review on application of photocatalysis for toxicity reduction of real wastewaters. Journal of Cleaner Production, 258, 120694.
  25. Zakria, H.S., Othman, M.H.D., Kamaludin, R., Kadir, S.H.S.A., Kurniawan, T.A., and Jilani, A. (2021). Immobilization techniques of a photocatalyst into and onto a polymer membrane for photocatalytic activity. RSC Advances, 11(12), 6985-7014.
  26. Riaz, U., Ashraf, S.M., and Kashyap, J. (2015). Role of Conducting Polymers in Enhancing TiO2-based Photocatalytic Dye Degradation: A Short Review. Polymer - Plastics Technology and Engineering, 54(17), 1850-1870.
  27. Bengalli, R., Fiandra, L., Vineis, C., Sanchez-Ramirez, D.O., Azoia, N.G., Varesano, A., and Mantecca, P. (2021). Safety assessment of polypyrrole nanoparticles and spray-coated textiles. Nanomaterials, 11(8), 1991.
  28. Fahlgren, A., Bratengeier, C., Gelmi, A., Semeins, C.M., Klein-Nulend, J., Jager, E.W., and Bakker, A.D. (2015). Biocompatibility of polypyrrole with human primary osteoblasts and the effect of dopants. PloS one, 10(7), e0134023.
  29. Papadopoulou-Fermeli, N., Lagopati, N., Gatou, M.-A., and Pavlatou, E.A. (2024). Biocompatible PANI-Encapsulated Chemically Modified Nano-TiO2 Particles for Visible-Light Photocatalytic Applications. Nanomaterials, 14(7), 642.
  30. Farzadkia, M., Esrafili, A., Asgari, E., Jafari, A.J., and Kalantary, R.R. (2025). Investigating the toxicity of photocatalytic degradation products from metronidazole using ZnO/polyaniline and TiO2/polyaniline nanocomposites: A bioassay study. Desalination and Water Treatment, 321, 101005.
  31. Helfi, K., Mousavi Ghahfarokhi, S.E., and Zargar Shoushtari, M. (2024). Fabrication of Bi0.90Sm0.1Fe0.97Cr0.03O3@PANI core-shell and improvement of its photocatalyst properties. Ceramics International, 50(18), 32362-32376.
  32. Leonavicius, K., Ramanaviciene, A., and Ramanavicius, A. (2011). Polymerization Model for Hydrogen Peroxide Initiated Synthesis of Polypyrrole Nanoparticles. Langmuir, 27(17), 10970-10976.
  33. Wang, L.-H., Zeng, H.-Y., Xiong, J., Xu, S., and An, D.-S. (2022). BiVO4/PANI composite with pn heterostructure for enhanced photocatalytic activity towards Cr (VI) reduction. Vacuum, 202, 111203.
  34. Yan, L., Li, W., Zhao, Q., Zhu, Z., Hu, C., and Liu, B. (2021). Enhanced photocatalytic conversion of (3D/2D) BiVO4@ Polypyrrole/g-C3N4 ternary composites with Z-scheme band alignment for the Antibiotic removal. Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects, 624, 126783.
  35. Dridi, D., Assadi, A.A., Singh, J., and Nguyen-Tri, P. (2025). Enhanced photocatalytic performance of intercalated 2D BiOBr nanosheets into 3D knob-like Bi2WO6 for the degradation of antibiotics and textile pollutants. Journal of Water Process Engineering, 74, 107790.
  36. Abdullah, M.M., Chawla, H., Albargi, H.B., Algethami, J.S., Zaki Ahmad, M., Chandra, A., and Garg, S. (2023). Bismuth-Based nanophotocatalysts for environmental reintegration. Inorganic Chemistry Communications, 155, 111016.
  37. Mane, A.T., Navale, S.T., Pawar, R.C., Lee, C.S., and Patil, V.B. (2015). Microstructural, optical and electrical transport properties of WO3 nanoparticles coated polypyrrole hybrid nanocomposites. Synthetic Metals, 199, 187-195.
  38. Ahmed, U., Shahid, M.M., Shahabuddin, S., Rahim, N.A., Alizadeh, M., Pandey, A.K., and Sagadevan, S. (2021). An efficient platform based on strontium titanate nanocubes interleaved polypyrrole nanohybrid as counter electrode for dye-sensitized solar cell. Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 860, 158228.
  39. Gutte, Y.P., Dhanve, S.P., and Birajdar, C.T. (2024). Doping effect of CuO nanoparticles on structural, optical and morphological properties of polypyrrole. Proceedings Of The 4th International Conference On Condensed Matter & Applied Physics: ICC2023. AIP Conference Proceedings. India: AIP Publishing LLC. 3149(1), 020032.
  40. Shalaby, M.S., Abdelhaleem, S., and Sotelo, A. (2022). (Bi2Te3)1−x(PANI)x compositions- synthesis, structural, spectroscopic characterization with enhanced thermoelectric performance. Synthetic Metals, 285, 117025.
  41. Petrella, A., Spasiano, D., Cosma, P., Rizzi, V., Race, M., Mascolo, M.C., and Ranieri, E. (2021). Methyl orange photo-degradation by TiO2 in a pilot unit under different chemical, physical, and hydraulic conditions. Processes, 9(2), 205.
  42. Reza, K.M., Kurny, A., and Gulshan, F. (2017). Parameters affecting the photocatalytic degradation of dyes using TiO2: a review. Applied Water Science, 7(4), 1569-1578.
  43. Shokry, F., El-Gedawy, M., Nosier, S.A., and Abdel-Aziz, M.H. (2025). Optimizing photocatalytic degradation of methyl violet dye in a recirculating slurry-type reactor. Results in Chemistry, 13, 101980.
  44. Yu, C.-B., Xu, C., He, L., Huang, W.-Y., Yang, K., and Li, D. (2025). Trigger efficient peroxydisulfate-assisted photocatalysis by S-scheme Co3O4/BiOCl heterojunctions: Vital roles of Co2+/Co3+ redox centers and oxygen vacancies. Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering, 13(6), 119195.
  45. dela Rosa, F.M., Popović, M., Papac Zjačić, J., Radić, G., Kraljić Roković, M., Kovačić, M., Farré, M.J., Genorio, B., Lavrenčič Štangar, U., Kušić, H., Lončarić Božić, A., and Petrović, M. (2022). Visible-Light Activation of Persulfate or H2O2 by Fe2O3/TiO2 Immobilized on Glass Support for Photocatalytic Removal of Amoxicillin: Mechanism, Transformation Products, and Toxicity Assessment. Nanomaterials, 12(23), 4328.
  46. El-monem, H.A., Mahanna, H., El-Halwany, M., and Samy, M. (2024). Photo-thermal activation of persulfate for the efficient degradation of synthetic and real industrial wastewaters: System optimization and cost estimation. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 31(16), 24153-24162.
  47. Moghadami, S., Vosoughi, M., Sadeghi, T., and Mokhtari, S.A. (2020). Removal of reactive blue 52 by electrocoagulation and UV/persulfate from aqueous solutions. Health Scope, (1)9, e91482.
  48. Wang, G., Kou, L., Li, C., Xu, B., and Wu, Y. (2025). Enhanced Degradation of Phenol in Aqueous Solution via Persulfate Activation by Sulfur-Doped Biochar: Insights into Catalytic Mechanisms and Structural Properties. Nanomaterials, 15(13), 979.
  49. Arslan-Alaton, I., Koba-Ucun, O., Turkten, N., Sora, I.N., and Bekbolet, M. (2023). More about Persulfate-Assisted Ferrilanthanide-Mediated Photocatalysis of Textile Industry Dye Reactive Black 5: Surface Properties and Structural Assessment. Water, 15(5), 906.
  50. Horányi, G. (2003). Investigation of the specific adsorption of sulfate ions on powdered TiO2. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 261(2), 580-583.
  51. Lee, J., von Gunten, U., and Kim, J.-H. (2020). Persulfate-Based Advanced Oxidation: Critical Assessment of Opportunities and Roadblocks. Environmental Science & Technology, 54(6), 3064-3081.
  52. Hanafi, M.F. and Sapawe, N. (2020). Influence of pH on the photocatalytic degradation of methyl orange using nickel catalyst. Materials Today: Proceedings, 31, 339-341.
  53. Liu, H., Liu, F., Zhang, J., Zhou, J., Bi, W., Qin, J., Hou, Q., Ni, Y., Xu, S., and Yang, C. (2022). Degradation of methyl orange by pyrite activated persulfate oxidation: mechanism, pathway and influences of water substrates. Water Science and Technology, 85(10), 2912-2927.
  54. Lin, C.-C., Huang, R.-C., and Wu, K.-Y. (2025). Degradation of methyl orange in water using RPB-prepared iron nanoparticles and persulfate. Powder Technology, 465, 121301.
  55. Brillas, E. and Oliver, R. (2024). Development of persulfate-based advanced oxidation processes to remove synthetic azo dyes from aqueous matrices. Chemosphere, 355, 141766.
  56. Frontistis, Z., Hapeshi, E., Fatta-Kassinos, D., and Mantzavinos, D. (2015). Ultraviolet-activated persulfate oxidation of methyl orange: a comparison between artificial neural networks and factorial design for process modelling. Photochemical & Photobiological Sciences, 14(3), 528-535.
  57. Wang, J. and Wang, S. (2018). Activation of persulfate (PS) and peroxymonosulfate (PMS) and application for the degradation of emerging contaminants. Chemical Engineering Journal, 334, 1502-1517.
  58. Humpolíček, P., Kašpárková, V., Pacherník, J., Stejskal, J., Bober, P., Capáková, Z., Radaszkiewicz, K.A., Junkar, I., and Lehocký, M. (2018). The biocompatibility of polyaniline and polypyrrole: A comparative study of their cytotoxicity, embryotoxicity and impurity profile. Materials Science and Engineering: C, 91, 303-310.
  59. Skopalová, K., Bubanja, I.N., Stanisavljev, D., Cvjetićanin, N., Kašpárková, V., Daďová, E., Pavlíková, E., Koutný, M., Gizdavic-Nikolaidis, M., and Humpolíček, P. (2024). The effect of synthesis method and oxidizing agent on cytotoxicity and ecotoxicity of polyaniline. Synthetic Metals, 301, 117515.
  60. Hernández-Moreno, D., Fernández-Díaz, M., Rucandio, I., Navas, J.M., and Fernández-Cruz, M.L. (2024). Toxic Effects of Different Coating-Related Functionalized Nanoparticles on Aquatic Organisms. Toxics, 12(2), 142.
  61. Malatjie, T.S., Botha, T.L., Tekere, M., Kuvarega, A.T., Nkambule, T.T.I., Mamba, B.B., and Msagati, T.A.M. (2022). Toxicity assessment of TiO2-conjugated Carbon-based nanohybrid material on a freshwater bioindicator cladoceran, Daphnia magna. Aquatic Toxicology, 247, 106176.
  62. Cao, N., Ji, J., Li, C., Yuan, M., Guo, X., Zong, X., Li, L., Ma, Y., Wang, C., and Pang, S. (2023). Rapid and efficient removal of multiple aqueous pesticides by one-step construction boric acid modified biochar. RSC Advances, 13(13), 8765-8778.
  63. Zhu, X., Zhu, L., Chen, Y., and Tian, S. (2009). Acute toxicities of six manufactured nanomaterial suspensions to Daphnia magna. Journal of Nanoparticle Research, 11(1), 67-75.