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Journals / Cukurova University Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences / 2025 / Volume: 4 Issue: 2

Comparative Analysis of Differential Ratios in Electric City Bus Energy Consumption Using MATLAB Simulink

Yunus Kizilarslan(Ulaşım İç ve Dış Ticaret A.Ş.)0009-0000-5016-8643
Oğuzhan Arı(Ulaşım İç ve Dış Ticaret A.Ş.)0009-0002-4196-9435
Sezgin Kaçar(SAKARYA UYGULAMALI BİLİMLER ÜNİVERSİTESİ TEKNOLOJİ FAKÜLTESİ)0000-0002-5171-237X
Pages
—
Publication Date
2025-12-29
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AI Summary & Key Takeaways

AI Insight
⚡ TL;DR(Too Long; Didn't Read)

Results indicate that increasing the differential ratio reduces the specific energy consumption in all driving cycles.

📌 3 Key Takeaways

🎯
Objective & Hypothesis:This study presents a MATLAB/Simulink-based analysis to investigate the effect of differential gear ratios on the energy consumption of a 13-meter low-entry electric city bus.
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Key Findings & Data:Four differential ratios (5.12, 5.73, 6.19, and 7.36) were simulated under SORT-1, SORT-2, and SORT-3 driving cycles, representing different urban operation patterns.
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Conclusion & Impact:Results indicate that increasing the differential ratio reduces the specific energy consumption in all driving cycles.
🔬Design:Modeling & Simulation
📍Scope:Comprehensive Sample
⚙️Variables:electric city bus · differential ratio · MATLAB Simulink

Abstract

This study presents a MATLAB/Simulink-based analysis to investigate the effect of differential gear ratios on the energy consumption of a 13-meter low-entry electric city bus. Four differential ratios (5.12, 5.73, 6.19, and 7.36) were simulated under SORT-1, SORT-2, and SORT-3 driving cycles, representing different urban operation patterns. The developed simulation model incorporates vehicle longitudinal dynamics, motor efficiency maps, and battery energy flow. Results indicate that increasing the differential ratio reduces the specific energy consumption in all driving cycles. The lowest value of 1.747 kWh/km was obtained at a 7.36 ratio under the SORT-3 cycle. The recovery ratio remained stable around 27 ± 1 %, confirming consistent regenerative braking performance. The findings highlight the importance of differential ratio selection for optimizing the drivetrain efficiency of electric buses and can serve as a guideline for future powertrain configurations in urban public transport applications.

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Cite This Article

Kizilarslan, Y., Arı, O., Kaçar, S. (2025). Comparative Analysis of Differential Ratios in Electric City Bus Energy Consumption Using MATLAB Simulink. Cukurova University Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences, Volume: 4 Issue: 2. https://doi.org/10.70395/cunas.1821869

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