Journals / Journal of Family Counseling and Education / 2026 / Sayı: 2026

Preventive Approaches to Cyberbullying in the Context of Bystander Student and Teacher Perspectives

İzleyici Öğrenci ve Öğretmen Görüşleri Bağlamında Siber Zorbalığa Yönelik Önleyici Yaklaşımlar

Zeynep Yazıcı(ATATÜRK ÜNİVERSİTESİ)0000-0003-3454-5212
Adem Peker(ATATURK UNIVERSITY)0000-0002-3594-9166
Pages
—
Publication Date
2026-07-03
🏛️Bibliographic metadata and full text access for this article are provided via DergiPark.
DergiPark Record ↗
✨

AI Summary & Key Takeaways

AI Insight
⚡ TL;DR(Too Long; Didn't Read)

The findings revealed that approaches to preventing cyberbullying have a multidimensional structure.

📌 3 Key Takeaways

🎯
Objective & Hypothesis:The present study aimed to examine student and teacher bystander views regarding the prevention of cyberbullying.
📊
Key Findings & Data:The study used a phenomenological design and included 18 high school students studying in the city centre of Erzurum and 10 teachers working in different subject areas.
💡
Conclusion & Impact:The findings revealed that approaches to preventing cyberbullying have a multidimensional structure.
🔬Design:Modeling & Simulation
📍Scope:Comprehensive Sample
⚙️Variables:siber zorbalık · önleme · izleyici davranışları

Abstract

The present study aimed to examine student and teacher bystander views regarding the prevention of cyberbullying. The study used a phenomenological design and included 18 high school students studying in the city centre of Erzurum and 10 teachers working in different subject areas. The researchers collected the data through a semi-structured interview form based on a cyberbullying scenario and analysed the data using content analysis. The findings revealed that approaches to preventing cyberbullying have a multidimensional structure. Student and teacher bystanders shared common views on education and awareness, family support, legal and social intervention, age restrictions for social media, and conscious use of technology. In addition to these common views, student bystanders evaluated the prevention of cyberbullying mainly through peer relationships, interpersonal boundaries, empathy, positive friendships, and the technical features offered by social media platforms. In contrast, teacher bystanders focused on guidance, being a good role model, cooperating with families, and improving students’ social communication skills. The findings show that the approaches developed by students and teachers from their bystander positions indicate the need to address individual, familial, social, and institutional dimensions together in the prevention of cyberbullying.

Özet

Mevcut araştırmada, siber zorbalığın önlenmesine ilişkin izleyici öğrenci ve öğretmen görüşlerini incelemek amaçlanmıştır. Olgu bilim (fenomenoloji) desenine dayalı olarak yürütülen çalışmada, Erzurum il merkezinde öğrenim gören 18 lise öğrencisi ile farklı branşlarda görev yapan 10 öğretmen yer almıştır. Veriler, siber zorbalık senaryosu temelli yarı yapılandırılmış görüşme formu aracılığıyla toplanmış ve içerik analiziyle çözümlenmiştir. Bulgular, siber zorbalığın önlenmesine ilişkin yaklaşımların çok boyutlu bir yapı gösterdiğini ortaya koymuştur. İzleyici öğrenciler ve öğretmenler eğitim ve farkındalık, aile desteği, hukuki ve sosyal müdahale, sosyal medya için yaş sınırı ve bilinçli teknoloji kullanımı gibi konularda ortak görüşler belirtmiştir. Bu görüşlerden dışında izleyici öğrenciler, siber zorbalığın önlenmesini daha çok akran ilişkileri, ilişki sınırları, empati, pozitif arkadaşlıklar ve sosyal medya platformlarının sunduğu teknik özellikler üzerinden değerlendirirken; izleyici öğretmenler rehberlik etme, iyi örnek olma, aileyle iş birliği kurma ve öğrencilerin sosyal iletişim becerilerini geliştirme üzerinde durmuştur. Sonuçlar, öğrencilerin ve öğretmenlerin izleyici konumundan geliştirdikleri yaklaşımların, siber zorbalığın önlenmesinde bireysel, ailesel, sosyal ve kurumsal boyutların birlikte ele alınması gerektiğini gösterdiğini ortaya koymaktadır.

🔖

Cite This Article

Yazıcı, Z., Peker, A. (2026). Preventive Approaches to Cyberbullying in the Context of Bystander Student and Teacher Perspectives. Journal of Family Counseling and Education, Sayı: 2026. https://doi.org/10.32568/jfce.1938240

📄 Full Text PDF Viewer

📄

PDF görüntüleyici hazırlanıyor...

References (50)

  1. Ademiluyi, A., Li, C., & Park, A. (2022). Implications and preventions of cyberbullying and social exclusion in social media: Systematic review. JMIR Formative Research, 6(1), e30286. https://doi.org/10.2196/30286
  2. Allison, K. R., & Bussey, K. (2016). Cyber-bystanding in context: A review of the literature on witnesses’ responses to cyberbullying. Children and Youth Services Review, 65, 183-194. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2016.03.026
  3. Altundağ, Y., & Ayas, T. (2020). Effectiveness of the whole school-based program for equipping high school counselors with strategies of coping with cyberbullying and cyberbullying awareness. Education and Science, 45(201), 109-123. https://doi.org/10.15390/EB.2020.8350
  4. Anderson, M., & Jiang, J. (2018). Teens, social media & technology 2018. Pew Research Center.
  5. Barlińska, J., Szuster, A., & Winiewski, M. (2018). Cyberbullying among adolescent bystanders: Role of affective versus cognitive empathy in increasing prosocial cyberbystander behavior. Frontiers in Psychology, 9, 799. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2018.00799
  6. Calvo-Morata, A., Alonso-Fernández, C., Freire, M., Martínez-Ortiz, I., & Fernández-Manjón, B. (2021). Creating awareness on bullying and cyberbullying among young people: Validating the effectiveness and design of the serious game Conectado. Telematics and Informatics, 60, 101568. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tele.2021.101568
  7. Chang, C. L., Liu, C. H., Yin, X. R., Chen, K. M., & Lin, T. H. (2025). Effects of normative beliefs about stopping cyberbullying on bystander helping behavior. Computers in Human Behavior Reports, 18, 100633. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chbr.2025.100633
  8. Chen, Q., Lin, W., Wu, Q., & Chan, K. L. (2024). The effectiveness of interventions on bullying and cyberbullying bystander: A meta-analysis. Trauma, Violence, & Abuse. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1177/15248380241297362
  9. Chen, Q., & Wu, Q. (2024). The roles of teacher and parental support on adolescent cyber-bystander behaviors: A path analysis. Frontiers in Psychology, 15, 1374071. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1374071
  10. Cohen-Almagor, R. (2018). Social responsibility on the Internet: Addressing the challenge of cyberbullying. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 39, 42-52. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.avb.2018.01.001
  11. Creswell, J. W., & Poth, C. N. (2018). Qualitative inquiry and research design: Choosing among five approaches (4th ed.). SAGE Publications.
  12. Delgado, B., Martínez-Monteagudo, M. C., Ruiz-Esteban, C., & Rubio, E. (2019). Latent class analysis of school refusal behavior and its relationship with cyberbullying during adolescence. Frontiers in Psychology, 10, 1916. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.01916
  13. Espino, E., Mora-Merchán, J. A., Del Rey, R., & Mc Guckin, C. (2023). Cyberbullying interventions for victims and bullies: Contemporary approaches. In Cyberbullying and values education (pp. 104-121). Routledge.
  14. Eyuboglu, M., Eyuboglu, D., Pala, S. C., Oktar, D., Demirtas, Z., Arslantas, D., & Unsal, A. (2021). Traditional school bullying and cyberbullying: Prevalence, the effect on mental health problems and self-harm behavior. Psychiatry Research, 297, 113730. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2021.113730
  15. Gohal, G., Alqassim, A., Eltyeb, E., Rayyani, A., Hakami, B., Al Faqih, A., & Mahfouz, M. (2023). Prevalence and related risks of cyberbullying and its effects on adolescent. BMC Psychiatry, 23(1), 39. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-023-04542-0
  16. Greenberg, N. R., Hoff, R. A., Krishnan-Sarin, S., & Potenza, M. N. (2022). Difficulties in impulse control in adolescents with problematic use of the internet and self-injurious behaviors. Psychiatry Research, 317, 114919. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2022.114919
  17. Hinduja, S., & Patchin, J. W. (2017). Cultivating youth resilience to prevent bullying and cyberbullying victimization. Child Abuse & Neglect, 73, 51-62. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2017.09.010
  18. Hu, Y., Zhang, T., Shi, H. F., & Fan, C. Y. (2023). Empathy and bystander helping behavior in cyberbullying among adolescents: The mediating role of internet moral judgment and the moderating role of internet self-efficacy. Frontiers in Psychology, 14, 1196571. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1196571
  19. Karasavva, V., & Mikami, A. Y. (2024). I’ll be there for you? The bystander intervention model and cyber aggression. Cyberpsychology: Journal of Psychosocial Research on Cyberspace, 18(2), Article 1. https://doi.org/10.5817/CP2024-2-1
  20. Kowalski, R. M., Giumetti, G. W., Schroeder, A. N., & Lattanner, M. R. (2014). Bullying in the digital age: A critical review and meta-analysis of cyberbullying research among youth. Psychological Bulletin, 140(4), 1073-1137. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0035618
  21. Kuckartz, U. (2014). Qualitative text analysis: A guide to methods, practice and using software. SAGE Publications.
  22. Latané, B., & Darley, J. M. (1970). Social determinants of bystander intervention in emergencies. In J. Macaulay & L. Berkowitz (Eds.), Altruism and helping behavior (pp. 13-27).
  23. Livingstone, S., & Third, A. (2017). Children and young people’s rights in the digital age: An emerging agenda. New Media & Society, 19(5), 657-670. https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444816686318
  24. Machackova, H. (2020). Bystander reactions to cyberbullying and cyberaggression: Individual, contextual, and social factors. Current Opinion in Psychology, 36, 130-134. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.copsyc.2020.06.003
  25. Nagar, P. M., Leduc, K., Khalili, N., & Talwar, V. (2022). Cyber-bystander behavior among Canadian and Iranian youth: The influence of bystander type and relationship to the perpetrator on moral responsibility. Frontiers in Communication, 7, 796146. https://doi.org/10.3389/fcomm.2022.796146
  26. Nesi, J., Choukas-Bradley, S., & Prinstein, M. J. (2018). Transformation of adolescent peer relations in the social media context: Part 1—A theoretical framework and application to dyadic peer relationships. Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review, 21(3), 267-294. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10567-018-0261-x
  27. Nesi, J., Telzer, E. H., & Prinstein, M. J. (2020). Adolescent development in the digital media context. Psychological Inquiry, 31(3), 229-234. https://doi.org/10.1080/1047840X.2020.1820219
  28. Núñez, A., Álvarez-García, D., & Pérez-Fuentes, M. C. (2021). Anxiety and self-esteem in cyber-victimization profiles of adolescents. Comunicar, 29(67), 43-54. https://doi.org/10.3916/C67-2021-04
  29. Odgers, C. L., & Jensen, M. R. (2020). Annual research review: Adolescent mental health in the digital age: Facts, fears, and future directions. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 61(3), 336-348. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.13190
  30. Palenzuela-Luis, N., Duarte-Climents, G., Gomez-Salgado, J., Rodríguez-Gómez, J. Á., & Sánchez-Gómez, M. B. (2022). International comparison of self-concept, self-perception and lifestyle in adolescents: A systematic review. International Journal of Public Health, 67, 1604954. https://doi.org/10.3389/ijph.2022.1604954
  31. Patton, M. Q. (2015). Qualitative research & evaluation methods (4th ed.). SAGE Publications.
  32. Peker, A., Cengiz, S., & Yazıcı, Z. (2025). Siber izleyici rolleri ve siber ciddiyet ölçeğinin geliştirilmesi: Geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması. Bingöl Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 30, 260-279. https://doi.org/10.29029/busbed.1700442
  33. Peker, A., & Yildiz, M. N. (2021). Mediating role of self-control in the relationship between aggressiveness and cyber bullying. Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, 11(1), 40. https://doi.org/10.5455/PBS.20210114051215
  34. Polanco-Levicán, K., & Salvo-Garrido, S. (2021). Bystander roles in cyberbullying: A mini-review of who, how many, and why. Frontiers in Psychology, 12, 676787. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.676787
  35. Salem, A. A. M., Al-Huwailah, A. H., Abdelsattar, M., Al-Hamdan, N. A., Derar, E., Alazmi, S., & Griffiths, M. D. (2023). Empathic skills training as a means of reducing cyberbullying among adolescents: An empirical evaluation. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 20(3), 1846. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20031846
  36. Sharp, R. D. (2023). To defend or not to defend a cyber victim: The role of individual and situational characteristics in motivating active cyber defending among university students (Doctoral dissertation, Carleton University).
  37. Steinvik, H. R., Duffy, A. L., & Zimmer-Gembeck, M. J. (2024). Bystanders’ responses to witnessing cyberbullying: The role of empathic distress, empathic anger, and compassion. International Journal of Bullying Prevention, 6(4), 399-410. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42380-023-00164-y
  38. Su, Y. W., Doty, J., Polley, B. R., Cakmakci, H., Swank, J., & Sickels, A. (2021). Collaborating with families to address cyberbullying: Exploring school counselors’ lived experiences. Professional School Counseling, 25(1), 2156759X211053825. https://doi.org/10.1177/2156759X211053825
  39. Thornberg, R., Wänström, L., Elmelid, R., Johansson, A., & Mellander, E. (2020). Standing up for the victim or supporting the bully? Bystander responses and their associations with moral disengagement, defender self-efficacy, and collective efficacy. Social Psychology of Education, 23(3), 563-581. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11218-020-09549-z
  40. Tomova, L., Andrews, J. L., & Blakemore, S. J. (2021). The importance of belonging and the avoidance of social risk taking in adolescence. Developmental Review, 61, 100981. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dr.2021.100981
  41. Torgal, C., Espelage, D. L., Polanin, J. R., Ingram, K. M., Robinson, L. E., El Sheikh, A. J., & Valido, A. (2023). A meta-analysis of school-based cyberbullying prevention programs’ impact on cyber-bystander behavior. School Psychology Review, 52(2), 95-109. https://doi.org/10.1080/2372966X.2021.1913037
  42. Tran, H. G. N., Thai, T. T., Dang, N. T. T., Vo, D. K., & Duong, M. H. T. (2023). Cyber-victimization and its effect on depression in adolescents: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Trauma, Violence, & Abuse, 24(2), 1124-1139. https://doi.org/10.1177/15248380211050597
  43. Wang, L., & Ngai, S. S. Y. (2022). Cyberbullying perpetration among Chinese adolescents: The role of power imbalance, fun-seeking tendency, and attitude toward cyberbullying. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 37(23-24), NP21646-NP21671. https://doi.org/10.1177/088626052110629
  44. Wright, M. F., Schiamberg, L. B., Wachs, S., Huang, Z., Kamble, S. V., Soudi, S., & Shu, C. (2021). The influence of sex and culture on the longitudinal associations of peer attachment, social preference goals, and adolescents’ cyberbullying involvement: An ecological perspective. School Mental Health, 13(3), 631-643. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12310-021-09438-6
  45. Wu, X., Li, L., & Zhen, R. (2024). The influence of social norms and bullying types on the defending intentions of school bullying bystanders. Current Psychology, 43(21), 19283-19293. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-024-05735-w
  46. Yıldırım, A., & Şimşek, H. (2016). Sosyal bilimlerde nitel araştırma yöntemleri (10. baskı). Seçkin Yayıncılık.
  47. Yurdakul, Y., & Ayhan, A. B. (2023). The effect of the cyberbullying awareness program on adolescents’ awareness of cyberbullying and their coping skills. Current Psychology, 42(28), 24208-24222. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-022-03483-3
  48. Zhang, X., Han, Z., & Ba, Z. (2020). Cyberbullying involvement and psychological distress among Chinese adolescents: The moderating effects of family cohesion and school cohesion. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(23), 8938. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17238938
  49. Zhao, Y., Chu, X., & Rong, K. (2023). Cyberbullying experience and bystander behavior in cyberbullying incidents: The serial mediating roles of perceived incident severity and empathy. Computers in Human Behavior, 138, 107484. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2022.107484
  50. Zhu, C., Huang, S., Evans, R., & Zhang, W. (2021). Cyberbullying among adolescents and children: A comprehensive review of the global situation, risk factors, and preventive measures. Frontiers in Public Health, 9, 634909. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2021.634909