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Journals / International Econometric Review / 2026 / Volume: 17 Issue: 2

Analysis of the Relationship between R&D and Pharmaceutical Foreign Trade: A Macro and Micro Data Analysis

Alper Akpınar(EGE UNIVERSITY)0000-0003-3130-9898
Mert Abay(DOKUZ EYLUL UNIVERSITY)0000-0003-3941-3200
Mahir Tosunoğlu(EGE UNIVERSITY)0000-0002-9941-0151
Bülent Kılıç(DOKUZ EYLUL UNIVERSITY)0000-0001-7032-1422
Sedef Akgüngör(DOKUZ EYLUL UNIVERSITY)0000-0002-5178-8948
Pages
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Publication Date
2026-02-23
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AI Summary & Key Takeaways

AI Insight
⚡ TL;DR(Too Long; Didn't Read)

The results indicate that pharmaceutical R&D expenditures positively affect pharmaceutical exports in the long run, while they negatively affect pharmaceutical imports.

📌 3 Key Takeaways

🎯
Objective & Hypothesis:The study examines the impact of pharmaceutical R&D expenditures on pharmaceutical foreign trade by utilizing macro and microdata.
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Key Findings & Data:The macro data is sourced from open-access databases provided by OECD and TURKSTAT, while the microdata analysis was conducted at the TURKSTAT data research center.
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Conclusion & Impact:The results indicate that pharmaceutical R&D expenditures positively affect pharmaceutical exports in the long run, while they negatively affect pharmaceutical imports.
🔬Design:Modeling & Simulation
📍Scope:Comprehensive Sample
⚙️Variables:Pharmaceutical R&D Expenditures · Pharmaceutical Trade · Health Economics

Abstract

The study examines the impact of pharmaceutical R&D expenditures on pharmaceutical foreign trade by utilizing macro and microdata. The macro data is sourced from open-access databases provided by OECD and TURKSTAT, while the microdata analysis was conducted at the TURKSTAT data research center. The macro-level data analysis involves a cointegration test followed by estimating long-term coefficients. The results indicate that pharmaceutical R&D expenditures positively affect pharmaceutical exports in the long run, while they negatively affect pharmaceutical imports. In addition, pharmaceutical R&D expenditures positively affect total exports but not total imports. The micro-level data analysis involves POLS, fixed and random effect panel models. The findings reveal that pharmaceutical firm’s R&D expenditure is positively correlated with exports and negatively correlated with imports. The macro and micro data findings align with our expectations, reinforcing each other intensely.

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Cite This Article

Akpınar, A., Abay, M., Tosunoğlu, M., Kılıç, B., Akgüngör, S. (2026). Analysis of the Relationship between R&D and Pharmaceutical Foreign Trade: A Macro and Micro Data Analysis. International Econometric Review, Volume: 17 Issue: 2. https://doi.org/10.33818/ier.1731218

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