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Journals / Türkiye Teknoloji ve Uygulamalı Bilimler Dergisi / 2026 / Sayı: 2026

Determining Cooling Green Space Planning Criteria for Mitigating the Urban Heat Island Effect Using the Delphi Technique

Kentsel Isı Adası Etkisinin Azaltılmasına Yönelik Soğutucu Yeşil Alan Planlama Kriterlerinin Delphi Tekniği ile Belirlenmesi

Şeyma Yiğit Uzunali(Hatay Mustafa Kemal University, Department of Landscape Architecture, Hatay, Türkiye)0000-0003-0837-0703
Pages
128–140
Publication Date
2026-09-10
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AI Summary & Key Takeaways

AI Insight
⚡ TL;DR(Too Long; Didn't Read)

The proposed framework is expected to provide a methodological foundation for future GIS-based spatial suitability analyses, multi-criteria decision-making applications, and urban planning studies aimed at climate change adaptation.

📌 3 Key Takeaways

🎯
Objective & Hypothesis:The urban heat island (UHI) effect is one of the major environmental challenges associated with rapid urbanization, increasing impervious surfaces, and the loss of natural areas, leading to elevated temperatures in urban environments.
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Key Findings & Data:The study was conducted through a three-round Delphi process involving 14 experts from different disciplines.
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Conclusion & Impact:The proposed framework is expected to provide a methodological foundation for future GIS-based spatial suitability analyses, multi-criteria decision-making applications, and urban planning studies aimed at climate change adaptation.
🔬Design:Araştırma Makalesi
📍Scope:Comprehensive Sample
⚙️Variables:Kentsel ısı adası · soğutucu yeşil alan planlaması · Delphi tekniği

Abstract

The urban heat island (UHI) effect is one of the major environmental challenges associated with rapid urbanization, increasing impervious surfaces, and the loss of natural areas, leading to elevated temperatures in urban environments. Planning cooling green spaces is considered one of the most effective nature-based solutions for mitigating this effect. However, existing studies have primarily focused on the direct application of evaluation criteria in cooling green space planning, whereas the systematic identification of these criteria based on expert consensus has received limited attention. Therefore, this study aims to identify the evaluation criteria that should be considered in cooling green space planning for urban heat island mitigation using the Delphi technique. The study was conducted through a three-round Delphi process involving 14 experts from different disciplines. In the first round, expert opinions collected through open-ended questions were analyzed using content analysis to develop an initial set of evaluation criteria. In the second and third rounds, the importance of each criterion was assessed using a seven-point Likert scale. Consensus was evaluated using the median, quartiles (Q1–Q3), Decreasing Average Factor (DAF), and frequency distributions. Of the 19 criteria evaluated in the second round, consensus was achieved for 15, while the remaining four criteria were re-evaluated in the third round. Following the third round, two additional criteria reached consensus and were included in the final framework, whereas the remaining two criteria were excluded. As a result, a scientifically validated final set of evaluation criteria consisting of five main criteria and seventeen sub-criteria was established based on expert consensus. The proposed framework is expected to provide a methodological foundation for future GIS-based spatial suitability analyses, multi-criteria decision-making applications, and urban planning studies aimed at climate change adaptation.

Özet

Kentsel ısı adası etkisi, hızlı kentleşme, geçirimsiz yüzeylerin artışı ve doğal alanların azalması sonucunda kentlerde sıcaklıkların yükselmesine neden olan önemli çevresel sorunlardan biridir. Bu etkinin azaltılmasına yönelik en etkili doğa temelli çözümlerden biri soğutucu yeşil alanların planlanmasıdır. Bununla birlikte, mevcut araştırmaların büyük bölümü, soğutucu yeşil alan planlamasında kullanılan değerlendirme kriterlerini doğrudan uygulamaya odaklanmakta; bu kriterlerin sistematik ve uzman uzlaşısına dayalı olarak belirlenmesi ise sınırlı düzeyde ele alınmaktadır. Bu araştırmanın amacı, kentsel ısı adası etkisinin azaltılmasına yönelik soğutucu yeşil alan planlamasında kullanılabilecek değerlendirme kriterlerini Delphi tekniği ile uzman görüşleri doğrultusunda belirlemektir. Araştırma, üç turlu Delphi süreci kapsamında yürütülmüş olup farklı disiplinlerden toplam 14 uzmanın katılımıyla gerçekleştirilmiştir. Birinci turda açık uçlu sorular aracılığıyla elde edilen uzman görüşleri içerik analizi yöntemiyle değerlendirilmiş ve değerlendirme kriterleri oluşturulmuştur. İkinci ve üçüncü turlarda kriterlerin önem düzeyleri yedi dereceli Likert ölçeği ile değerlendirilmiş; medyan, çeyrek değerler (Q1–Q3), Decreasing Average Factor (DAF) ve frekans dağılımları kullanılarak uzlaşma düzeyleri analiz edilmiştir. İkinci turda değerlendirilen 19 kriterin 15'i üzerinde uzlaşı sağlanırken, uzlaşı sağlanamayan dört kriter üçüncü turda yeniden değerlendirilmiştir. Üçüncü tur sonunda iki kriter daha uzlaşı sağlayarak nihai kriter setine dâhil edilmiş, iki kriter ise çalışma kapsamından çıkarılmıştır. Sonuç olarak, uzman uzlaşısına dayalı 5 ana kriter ve 17 alt kriterden oluşan bilimsel olarak doğrulanmış bir değerlendirme çerçevesi oluşturulmuştur. Bu kriter setinin, gelecekte gerçekleştirilecek CBS tabanlı mekânsal uygunluk analizleri, çok kriterli karar verme uygulamaları ve iklim değişikliğine uyum odaklı kentsel planlama çalışmalarına metodolojik katkı sağlayacağı değerlendirilmektedir.

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Cite This Article

Uzunali, Ş. Y. (2026). Determining Cooling Green Space Planning Criteria for Mitigating the Urban Heat Island Effect Using the Delphi Technique. Türkiye Teknoloji ve Uygulamalı Bilimler Dergisi, Sayı: 2026, 128–140. https://doi.org/10.70562/tubid.2012890

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