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Journals / Türk Hidrolik Dergisi / 2026 / Sayı: 3

Modelling Physical Water Losses in the Urban Water Supply Networks of Balıkesir Province Using Artificial Neural Networks

Balıkesir ili Şehir Şebeke Hatlarındaki Fiziki Su Kayıplarının Yapay Sinir Ağları ile Modellenmesi

İbrahim Özen(AKSARAY ÜNİVERSİTESİ)0000-0002-1776-8521
Gürol Yıldırım(KONYA TEKNİK ÜNİVERSİTESİ)0000-0003-1899-5379
Pages
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Publication Date
2026-06-29
DOI
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AI Summary & Key Takeaways

AI Insight
⚡ TL;DR(Too Long; Didn't Read)

Overall, the findings demonstrate that successive sluice gate systems can effectively combine precise flow regulation with adequate energy dissipation, making them suitable for hydraulic structures requiring stable discharge control under variable inflow conditions.

📌 3 Key Takeaways

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Objective & Hypothesis:Successive sluice gates are designed to maintain a stable discharge rate in open channels despite variations in upstream water levels.
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Key Findings & Data:This study numerically investigates the hydraulic performance of successive sluice gates under different operational conditions.
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Conclusion & Impact:Overall, the findings demonstrate that successive sluice gate systems can effectively combine precise flow regulation with adequate energy dissipation, making them suitable for hydraulic structures requiring stable discharge control under variable inflow conditions.
🔬Design:Modeling & Simulation
📍Scope:Comprehensive Sample
⚙️Variables:Balıkesir · Makine Öğrenmesi · Fiziki Su Kayıp Oranı

Abstract

Successive sluice gates are designed to maintain a stable discharge rate in open channels despite variations in upstream water levels. This study numerically investigates the hydraulic performance of successive sluice gates under different operational conditions. Four gate configurations and five upstream flow depths were simulated to analyze their flow regulation efficiency. The numerical results were validated against experimental data, revealing differences in outlet discharge of less than 10%, indicating that the simulation model provides reliable accuracy. Following model validation, the computed outflow rates for each configuration were compared with the corresponding design discharge, showing an average deviation of approximately 8% in all tested cases. These results confirm that successive sluice gates are capable of maintaining a nearly constant flow rate, even under fluctuating upstream water levels. Moreover, energy dissipation analysis showed that losses were negligible when only the first gate was active. However, as the upstream depth increased and additional gates were engaged, energy dissipation rose to about 15–22%. Overall, the findings demonstrate that successive sluice gate systems can effectively combine precise flow regulation with adequate energy dissipation, making them suitable for hydraulic structures requiring stable discharge control under variable inflow conditions.

Özet

Dünyanın üçte ikisi sularla kaplı olmasına rağmen bu kısmın büyük bir bölümü (%97,5) tatlı olmayan sulardan oluşmaktadır. Tatlı olan suyun ise üçte ikisi buz halinde olduğu için her an kullanıma hazır değildir ve tatlı suya ihtiyaç dünya nüfusunun hızla artmasına paralel olarak her yıl (12.500 km3) artmaktadır. Tatlı suların yetersiz olduğu toplumlarda deniz suyu gibi uygunsuz kaynaklara yönelimi artırmıştır. Dünya genelinde içilebilir su miktarının azalması son zamanlarda su kayıplarını önleme çalışmalarına önemi artırmıştır. Türkiye’de de bu çalışmaların önemi anlaşılmakta olup, su kayıplarının kontrolüne yönelik 8 Mayıs 2014 tarihinde 28994 sayılı yönetmelik yayınlanmıştır. Su kayıpları, fiziki ve idari kayıp olmak üzere iki sınıftan oluşur. Toplam su kayıplar içinde fiziki ve idari kayıpların payları ülkeden ülkeye farklılık gösterse de genel olarak büyük kısmı (yaklaşık %60’ı) fiziksel kayıplardan oluşmaktadır. Türkiye’de de genellikle kayıpların büyük bir kısmı fiziki su kayıplarından oluşmaktadır. Fiziki su kaybı Su Dağıtım Şebekeleri’nde (SDŞ) kaybolan ve kullanılmayan su olarak tanımlanır ve SDŞ’lerdeki ve servis bağlantılarındaki kayıp-kaçaklar ve depolarda oluşan taşmalar ve sızıntılardan oluşur. Fiziki su kaybı ile ilgili önceki çalışmalar ağırlıklı olarak sızıntı tespiti ve sızıntı yeri belirleme üzerine yapılmıştır. Bu durum, SDŞ’lerde gerçek kayıpların toplam sisteme giren su hacmine oranını ifade eden Fiziki Su Kayıp Oranı’nı (FSKO) etkileyen parametreler ve tahmini üzerine çalışmalara olan ihtiyacı artırmıştır. Bu çalışmada, FSKO tahminleri, Balıkesir ilinin yirmi ilçesinin 2018-2022 yıllarına ait nüfus, sisteme giren su, tüketilen su miktarı, şebeke yaşı, ortalama şebeke basıncı ve ortalama boru çapı parametreleri kullanılarak gerçekleştirilmiştir. Model tahminleri MLFFNN (LM) yöntemi ile gerçekleştirilmiştir. Modellerin tahmin doğruluğu, MAPE, MAD, RMSE, R² ve NSE performans ölçütlerine göre yapılmıştır. FSKO tahmin modellerinde en iyi sonuç, performans ölçütleri (n: 71 Test MAPE: 13.41, MAD: 2.96, RMSE: 3.79, R²: 0.66, NSE: 0.59) ile M20’dir.

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Cite This Article

Özen, İ., Yıldırım, G. (2026). Modelling Physical Water Losses in the Urban Water Supply Networks of Balıkesir Province Using Artificial Neural Networks. Türk Hidrolik Dergisi, Sayı: 3. https://ajindex.com/articles/1560516

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