SavedAdd your journal

Journals / Turkish Journal of Veterinary Research / 2026 / Volume: 10 Issue: 2

First Genetic Characterization and Phylogenetic Analysis of Bovine Rhinitis A Virus in Türkiye

Emel Aksoy(KIRIKKALE ÜNİVERSİTESİ, VETERİNER FAKÜLTESİ, KLİNİK ÖNCESİ BİLİMLERİ BÖLÜMÜ, VETERİNERLİK VİROLOJİ ANABİLİM DALI)0000-0001-9536-4322
Yasin Şenel(KIRIKKALE ÜNİVERSİTESİ, VETERİNER FAKÜLTESİ)0000-0003-0272-2712
Ahmet Kürşat Azkur(KIRIKKALE ÜNİVERSİTESİ, VETERİNER FAKÜLTESİ, KLİNİK ÖNCESİ BİLİMLERİ BÖLÜMÜ, VETERİNERLİK VİROLOJİ ANABİLİM DALI)0000-0002-5597-8917
Pages
—
Publication Date
2026-09-15
🏛️Bibliographic metadata and full text access for this article are provided via DergiPark.
DergiPark Record ↗
✨

AI Summary & Key Takeaways

AI Insight
⚡ TL;DR(Too Long; Didn't Read)

These data will serve as a baseline for future large-scale surveillance in our country.

📌 3 Key Takeaways

🎯
Objective & Hypothesis:Objectives: Bovine Rhinitis A Virus (BRAV) is a significant respiratory pathogen which plays role on development of bovine respiratory disease complex (BRDC) in cattle worldwide, yet genomic data regarding its prevalence and genetic diversity in Türkiye remain scarce.
📊
Key Findings & Data:Materials and Methods: Nasal swab samples which were positive for BRAV in real-time RT-PCR screening were tested via conventional RT-PCR targeting a partial region of the viral 3D polymerase (3Dpol) gene of BRAV.
💡
Conclusion & Impact:These data will serve as a baseline for future large-scale surveillance in our country.
🔬Design:Research Article
📍Scope:Comprehensive Sample
⚙️Variables:Bovine Rhinitis A Virus · 3D polymerase gene · Türkiye

Abstract

Objectives: Bovine Rhinitis A Virus (BRAV) is a significant respiratory pathogen which plays role on development of bovine respiratory disease complex (BRDC) in cattle worldwide, yet genomic data regarding its prevalence and genetic diversity in Türkiye remain scarce. This study describes the first molecular characterization and phylogenetic analysis of BRAV in Türkiye. Materials and Methods: Nasal swab samples which were positive for BRAV in real-time RT-PCR screening were tested via conventional RT-PCR targeting a partial region of the viral 3D polymerase (3Dpol) gene of BRAV. Seven samples were sequenced by using the Sanger method. Results: The obtained BRAV sequences were deposited to GenBank (accession numbers PZ150730-PZ150736). The sequence data were analyzed phylogenetically and the Turkish BRAV isolates showed high nucleotide identity (97.91-100%) with each other, constructing a different clade when compared to global BRAV isolates. The nucleotide identity between Turkish BRAV isolates and global isolates differs between 86.82% and 92.23%, while the nucleotide identity with the reference BRAV strain Sd-1 ranged from 86.93% to 88.21%. Conclusions: This study provides the first genetic characterization of BRAV strains circulating in cattle population in Türkiye, filling a significant gap in the global and national molecular epidemiology of BRAV. These data will serve as a baseline for future large-scale surveillance in our country.

🔖

Cite This Article

Aksoy, E., Şenel, Y., Azkur, A. K. (2026). First Genetic Characterization and Phylogenetic Analysis of Bovine Rhinitis A Virus in Türkiye. Turkish Journal of Veterinary Research, Volume: 10 Issue: 2. https://doi.org/10.47748/tjvr.1922521

📄 Full Text PDF Viewer

📄

PDF görüntüleyici hazırlanıyor...

References (19)

  1. Aksoy E, Şenel Y and Azkur AK. First detection and prevalence of bovine rhinitis A and B viruses in cattle in Türkiye: Risk assessment and association with bovine respiratory disease. Pak Vet J. 2025; 45(4):2028-2035.
  2. Ambrose RK, Blakebrough-Hall C, Gravel JL, Gonzalez LA, Mahony TJ. Characterisation of the upper respiratory tract virome of feedlot cattle and its association with bovine respiratory disease. Viruses. 2023; 15(2):455.
  3. Bögel K, Böhm H. Ein rhinovirus des rindes. Zentralbl Bakteriol. 1962; 187:2-14.
  4. Brito BP, Frost MJ, Anantanawat K, et al. Expanding the range of the respiratory infectome in Australian feedlot cattle with and without respiratory disease using metatranscriptomics. Microbiome. 2023; 11(1):158.
  5. Donbraye E, McLeod L, Carson CN, et al. Prevalences of respiratory viruses and bacteria in Western Canadian commercial feedlot calves detected using a single metagenomic sequencing protocol vary during the first two weeks of arrival and by age group. Front Vet Sci. 2026; 12:1704412.
  6. Gaudino M, Nagamine B, Ducatez MF, Meyer G. Understanding the mechanisms of viral and bacterial coinfections in bovine respiratory disease: a comprehensive literature review of experimental evidence. Vet Res. 2022; 53(1):70.
  7. Hause BM, Collin EA, Anderson J, Hesse RA, Anderson G. Bovine rhinitis viruses are common in U.S. cattle with bovine respiratory disease. PLoS One. 2015; 10(3):e0121998.
  8. International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV). Virus Taxonomy: 2024 Release. Available at: https://ictv.global/taxonomy Accessed March 30, 2026.
  9. Koizumi S, Nishi T, Morioka K, Fukai K. Development of a conventional reverse transcription-PCR system for broad detection of Bovine Rhinitis A Virus. Vet Med Sci. 2025; 11(5):e70491.
  10. Mitra N, Cernicchiaro N, Torres S, Li F, Hause BM. Metagenomic characterization of the virome associated with bovine respiratory disease in feedlot cattle identified novel viruses and suggests an etiologic role for influenza D virus. J Gen Virol. 2016; 97:1771-1784.
  11. Ng TFF, Kondov NO, Deng X, Van Eenennaam A, Neibergs HL, Delwart E. A metagenomics and case-control study to identify viruses associated with bovine respiratory disease. J Virol. 2015; 89:5340-5349.
  12. O'Donoghue S, Waters SM, Morris DW, Earley B. A Comprehensive Review: Bovine respiratory disease, current insights into epidemiology, diagnostic challenges, and vaccination. Vet Sci. 2025; 12(8):778.
  13. Peel DS. The effect of market forces on bovine respiratory disease. Vet Clin North Am Food Anim Pract. 2020; 36:497-508.
  14. Rai DK, Lawrence P, Pauszek SJ, Piccone ME, Knowles NJ, Rieder E. Bioinformatics and molecular analysis of the evolutionary relationship between Bovine Rhinitis A Viruses and Foot-And-Mouth Disease Virus. Bioinform Biol Insights. 2016; 9(Suppl 2):43-58.
  15. Taylor JD, Fulton RW, Lehenbauer TW, Step DL, Confer AW. The epidemiology of bovine respiratory disease: What is the evidence for predisposing factors? Can Vet J. 2010; 51:1095.
  16. Werid GM, Hemmatzadeh F, Batterham T, et al. Metagenomic and metatranscriptomic analyses reveal microbial dysbiosis and bacteria-virus interactions in the lungs of Australian feedlot cattle with bovine respiratory disease. Vet Microbiol. 2026; 315:110926.
  17. Zhang M, Hill JE, Alexander TW, Huang Y. The nasal viromes of cattle on arrival at western Canadian feedlots and their relationship to development of bovine respiratory disease. Transbound Emerg Dis. 2021; 68:2209-2218.
  18. Zhang M, Hill JE, Fernando C, et al. Respiratory viruses identified in western Canadian beef cattle by metagenomic sequencing and their association with bovine respiratory disease. Transbound Emerg Dis. 2019; 66(3):1379-1386.
  19. Zhou Y, Chen X, Tang C, Yue H. Detection and genomic characterization of Bovine Rhinitis Virus in China. Animals (Basel). 2023; 13(2):312.