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Journals / Turkish Journal of Analytical Chemistry / 2026 / Cilt: 8 Sayı: 2

Removal of Pb(II) ions from aqueous solutions by Brevibacillus agri-loaded clay: Kinetic, isotherm, and artificial neural network modeling

Brevibacillus agri Yüklü Kil ile Sulu Çözeltilerden Pb(II) İyonlarının Giderimi: Kinetik, İzoterm ve Yapay Sinir Ağı Modellemesi

Duygu Özdeş(Gümüşhane Üniversitesi)0000-0002-8692-2676
Sengul Tugba Ozeken(KARADENIZ TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY)0009-0008-6912-5756
Serdal Seker(GUMUSHANE UNIVERSITY)0009-0002-0351-7411
Celal Duran(KARADENIZ TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY)0000-0002-1306-9061
Ali Osman Beldüz(KARADENIZ TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY)0000-0003-2240-7568
Aleyna Nalcaoglu Senocak(KARADENIZ TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY)0000-0003-2528-8744
Kadriye İnan(KARADENIZ TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY)0000-0002-5909-588X
Pages
103–116
Publication Date
2026-05-31
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AI Summary & Key Takeaways

AI Insight
⚡ TL;DR(Too Long; Didn't Read)

This study presents an innovative and sustainable approach for heavy metal removal, offering an effective solution applicable to environmental remediation processes.

📌 3 Key Takeaways

🎯
Objective & Hypothesis:Brevibacillus agri was immobilized onto an abundant natural clay through a simple synthesis route to develop a novel and efficient adsorbent for the removal of Pb(II) ions from aqueous media.
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Key Findings & Data:The optimum conditions were determined to be an initial solution pH of 5.0 and a contact time of 120 min.
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Conclusion & Impact:This study presents an innovative and sustainable approach for heavy metal removal, offering an effective solution applicable to environmental remediation processes.
🔬Design:Modeling & Simulation
📍Scope:Comprehensive Sample
⚙️Variables:Brevibacillus agri yüklü bentonit · Pb(II) adsorpsiyonu · yapay sinir ağı (ANN)

Abstract

Brevibacillus agri was immobilized onto an abundant natural clay through a simple synthesis route to develop a novel and efficient adsorbent for the removal of Pb(II) ions from aqueous media. The adsorption behavior of Brevibacillus agri-loaded clay (BLC) was evaluated using batch experiments by investigating the effects of initial solution pH, BLC dosage, contact time, initial Pb(II) concentration, temperature, and the presence of foreign ions. The optimum conditions were determined to be an initial solution pH of 5.0 and a contact time of 120 min. Isotherm models were applied to elucidate the interactions between Pb(II) ions and BLC, while kinetic studies were conducted to evaluate the adsorption performance and underlying mechanisms. The maximum adsorption capacity of BLC was 65.4 mg g-1. Thermodynamic parameters revealed that Pb(II) adsorption on BLC was exothermic, feasible, and spontaneous at 25ºC. Artificial neural network (ANN) studies provided highly accurate predictions by modeling and confirmed the reliability and applicability of the model for Pb(II) removal in industrial applications. This study presents an innovative and sustainable approach for heavy metal removal, offering an effective solution applicable to environmental remediation processes.

Özet

Brevibacillus agri, sulu ortamlardan Pb(II) iyonlarının uzaklaştırılması amacıyla yeni ve etkili bir adsorban geliştirmek için basit bir sentez yöntemiyle bol bulunan doğal bir kil üzerine immobilize edilmiştir. Brevibacillus agri yüklü kilin (BLC) adsorpsiyon davranışı; başlangıç çözeltisi pH’ı, BLC dozu, temas süresi, başlangıç Pb(II) konsantrasyonu, sıcaklık ve yabancı iyonların varlığı gibi parametrelerin etkisi incelenerek kesikli deneylerle değerlendirilmiştir. Optimum koşullar, başlangıç çözeltisi pH’ının 5.0 ve temas süresinin 120 dakika olması şeklinde belirlenmiştir. Pb(II) iyonları ile BLC arasındaki etkileşimleri açıklamak için izoterm modelleri uygulanmış, adsorpsiyon performansını ve temel mekanizmaları değerlendirmek amacıyla kinetik çalışmalar gerçekleştirilmiştir. BLC’nin maksimum adsorpsiyon kapasitesi 65.4 mg g-1 olarak bulunmuştur. Termodinamik parametreler, Pb(II)’nin BLC üzerine adsorpsiyonunun ekzotermik, uygulanabilir ve 25°C’de kendiliğinden gerçekleşen bir süreç olduğunu göstermiştir. Yapay sinir ağı (ANN) çalışmaları, modelleme yoluyla oldukça yüksek doğrulukta tahminler sağlamış ve modelin endüstriyel uygulamalarda Pb(II) giderimi için güvenilirliğini ve uygulanabilirliğini doğrulamıştır. Bu çalışma, ağır metal giderimi için yenilikçi ve sürdürülebilir bir yaklaşım sunmakta olup, çevresel iyileştirme süreçlerinde uygulanabilir etkili bir çözüm önermektedir.

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Cite This Article

Özdeş, D., Ozeken, S. T., Seker, S., Duran, C., Beldüz, A. O., Senocak, A. N., İnan, K. (2026). Removal of Pb(II) ions from aqueous solutions by Brevibacillus agri-loaded clay: Kinetic, isotherm, and artificial neural network modeling. Turkish Journal of Analytical Chemistry, Cilt: 8 Sayı: 2, 103–116. https://doi.org/10.51435/turkjac.1936404

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