Journals / The Literacy Trek / 2025 / Volume: 11 Issue: 2

Attitudes and Perceptions of University Students Towards Using ChatGPT

Vildan İnci Kavak(Gaziantep Islam Science and Technology University)0000-0001-7249-9048
Enes Kavak(GAZIANTEP UNIVERSITY)0000-0003-2501-2553
Pages
—
Publication Date
2025-12-31
🏛️Bibliographic metadata and full text access for this article are provided via DergiPark.
DergiPark Record ↗
✨

AI Summary & Key Takeaways

AI Insight
⚡ TL;DR(Too Long; Didn't Read)

The results showed that students use ChatGPT primarily as a hands-on, adaptable resource to support their learning and content mastery.

📌 3 Key Takeaways

🎯
Objective & Hypothesis:This paper investigates the attitudes of English Language and Literature (ELL) students towards utilising ChatGPT in their content mastery and development of English language skills, with an emphasis on student views about the drawbacks and benefits of educational AI use.
📊
Key Findings & Data:We studied 110 Turkish undergraduates, collecting data using a 5-point Likert scale at a public university in Türkiye.
💡
Conclusion & Impact:The results showed that students use ChatGPT primarily as a hands-on, adaptable resource to support their learning and content mastery.
🔬Design:Research Article
📍Scope:Comprehensive Sample
⚙️Variables:ChatGPT · student attitudes and perceptions · English Studies

Abstract

This paper investigates the attitudes of English Language and Literature (ELL) students towards utilising ChatGPT in their content mastery and development of English language skills, with an emphasis on student views about the drawbacks and benefits of educational AI use. We studied 110 Turkish undergraduates, collecting data using a 5-point Likert scale at a public university in Türkiye. The results showed that students use ChatGPT primarily as a hands-on, adaptable resource to support their learning and content mastery. Considering this, the study also unveils concerns about information accuracy, ethical issues, and lack of control. The study recommends that policymakers, researchers, and educators should collaborate more analytically and practically to guarantee the productive and justifiable use of AI instruments and applications such as ChatGPT in foreign language and content learning, realizing their potential as new and necessary tools in the educational baskets of learners today.

🔖

Cite This Article

Kavak, V. İ., Kavak, E. (2025). Attitudes and Perceptions of University Students Towards Using ChatGPT. The Literacy Trek, Volume: 11 Issue: 2. https://doi.org/10.47216/literacytrek.1834394

📄 Full Text PDF Viewer

📄

PDF görüntüleyici hazırlanıyor...

References (49)

  1. Admiraal, W., Louws, M., Lockhorst, D., Paas, T., Buynsters, M., Cviko, A.,. & Kester, L. (2017). Teachers in school-based technology innovations: A typology of their beliefs on teaching and technology. Computers & Education, 114, 57-68. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2017.06.013
  2. Alenezi, A. (2017). Obstacles for teachers to integrate technology with instruction. Education and Information Technologies, 22(4), 1797-1816. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10639-016-9518-5
  3. Aljabr, F. (2023). Gauging the Saudi EFL learners’ level of awareness and attitudes towards the use of ChatGPT. Information Sciences Letters (ISL), 12(11), 3100-3109. http://dx.doi.org/10.18576/isl/121120
  4. Alotaibi, H. M., Sonbul, S. S., & El-Dakhs, D. A. (2025). Factors influencing the acceptance and the use of ChatGPT among English as a foreign language learners in Saudi Arabia. Humanities and Social Sciences Communications, 12(1), 1-13. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41599-025-04945-2
  5. Amin, M. Y. M. (2023). AI and Chat GPT in language teaching: Enhancing EFL classroom support and transforming assessment techniques. International Journal of Higher Education Pedagogies, 4(4), 1-15. https://doi.org/10.33422/ijhep.v4i4.554
  6. Annamalai, N., Ab Rashid, R., Hashmi, U. M., Mohamed, M., Alqaryouti, M. H., & Sadeq, A. E. (2023). Using chatbots for English language learning in higher education. Computers and Education: Artificial Intelligence, 5, 100153. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.caeai.2023.100153
  7. Atakuziev, M., Margana, & Gultom, A. M. (2024). University students’ attitudes and perceptions on learning English with ChatGPT. Formosa Journal of Sustainable Research, 3(8), 1745–1760. https://doi.org/10.55927/fjsr.v3i8.10163
  8. Bibauw, S., François, T., & Desmet, P. (2022). Dialogue systems for language learning: Chatbots and beyond. In N. Ziegler & M. González-Lloret (Eds.). The Routledge handbook of second language acquisition and technology (pp. 121-135). Routledge.
  9. Cai, Q., Lin, Y., & Yu, Z. (2024). Factors influencing learner attitudes towards ChatGPT- Assisted language learning in higher education. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 40(22), 7112-7126. https://doi.org/10.1080/10447318.2023.2261725
  10. Chiu, T. K. (2024). Future research recommendations for transforming higher education with generative AI. Computers and education: Artificial intelligence, 6, 100197. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.caeai.2023.100197
  11. Chuah, K. M., & Kabilan, M. K. (2021). Teachers’ views on the use of chatbots to support English lan¬guage teaching in a mobile environment. International Journal of Emerging Technologies in Learning (IJET), 16(20), 223. https://doi.org/10.3991/ijet.v16i20.24917
  12. Cotton, D., Cotton, P., & Shipway, J. R. (2023). Chatting and cheating. Ensuring academic integrity in the era of ChatGPT. EdArXiv. https://doi.org/10.35542/osf.io/mrz8h
  13. Creswell, J. W., & Poth, C. N. (2016). Qualitative inquiry and research design: Choosing among five approaches. Sage.
  14. Dizon, G. (2024). ChatGPT as a tool for self-directed foreign language learning. Innovation in Language Learning and Teaching, 1-17. https://doi.org/10.1080/17501229.2024.2413406
  15. Ehteshamzad, S., & Ahmadi, R. (2023). The attitudes of students (Biomedical Engineering) towards Chat GPT. International Journal of BioLife Sciences (IJBLS), 2(2), 161-172. https://doi.org/10.22034/ijbls.2023.185483
  16. Fitria, T. N. (2023). Artificial intelligence (AI) technology in OpenAI ChatGPT application: A review of ChatGPT in writing English essay. ELT Forum, 12(1), 44– 58. https://doi.org/10.15294/elt.v12i1.64069
  17. Garkusha, N., & Gorodova, J. (2023). Pedagogical opportunities of ChatGPT for developing cognitive activity of students. Vocational Education and Labour Market, 11(1(52)), 6–23. https://doi.org/10.52944/PORT.2023.52.1.001
  18. Gordijn, B., & Have, H. T. (2023). ChatGPT: Evolution or revolution? Medicine, Health Care and Philosophy, 26, 1–3. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11019-023-10136-0
  19. Graham, F. (2022). Daily briefing: Will ChatGPT kill the essay assignment? Nature. https://doi.org/10.1038/D41586-022-04437-2
  20. Ho, P. X. P. (2024). Using ChatGPT in English language learning: A study on IT students’ attitudes, habits, and perceptions. International Journal of TESOL & Education, 4(1), 55-68. https://doi.org/10.54855/ijte.24414
  21. Huang, B., Hew, K. F., & Fryer, L. K. (2021). Chatbots for language learning-Are theyreally useful? A systematic review of chatbot-supported language learning. Computer Assisted Language Learning, 38(1), 237–257. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcal.12610
  22. Huang, J., & Li, S. (2023). Opportunities and challenges in the application of ChatGPT in foreign language teaching. International Journal of Education and Social Science Research, 6(4), 75-89. https://doi.org/10.37500/IJESSR.2023.6406
  23. Hwang, G. J., & Chang, C. Y. (2023). A review of opportunities and challenges of chatbots in education. Interactive Learning Environments, 31(7), 4099-4112. https://doi.org/10.1080/10494820.2021.1952615
  24. Inci-Kavak, V., Evis, D., & Ekinci, A. (2024). The use of ChatGPT in language education. Experimental and Applied Medical Science, 5(2), 72-82. https://doi.org/10.46871/eams.1461578
  25. Io, H. N., & Lee, C. B. (2017, December). Chatbots and conversational agents: A bibliometric analysis. In 2017 IEEE International Conference on Industrial Engineering and Engineering Management (IEEM) (pp. 215-219). IEEE.
  26. Jeon, J., & Lee, S. (2023). Large language models in education: A focus on the complementary relationship between human teachers and ChatGPT. Education and Information Technologies, 28(12), 15873-15892. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10639-023-11834-1
  27. Jowarder, M. I. (2023). The influence of ChatGPT on social science students: Insights drawn from undergraduate students in the United States. Indonesian Journal of Innovation and Applied Sciences, 3(2), 194–200. https://doi.org/10.47540/ijias.v3i2.878
  28. Kasneci, E., Seßler, K., Küchemann, S., Bannert, M., Dementieva, D., Fischer, F.,. & Kasneci, G. (2023). ChatGPT for good? On opportunities and challenges of large language models for education. Learning and individual differences, 103, 102274. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lindif.2023.102274
  29. Koraishi, O. (2023). Teaching English in the age of AI: Embracing ChatGPT to optimize EFL materials and assessment. Language Education & Technology (LET Journal), 3(1), 55–72. Available at https://langedutech.com/letjournal/index.php/let/article/view/48
  30. Leunard, H., Rachmawati, R., Zani, B. N., & Maharjan, K. (2023). GPT Chat: Opportunities and challenges in the learning process of Arabic language in Higher Education. Journal International of Lingua and Technology, 2(1), 10–22. https://doi.org/10.55849/jiltech.v2i1.439
  31. Masa’deh, R. E., Majali, S. A., Alkhaffaf, M., Thurasamy, R., Almajali, D., Altarawneh, K., Al-Sherideh, A., & Altarawni, I. (2024). Antecedents of adoption and usage of ChatGPT among Jordanian University students: Empirical study. International Journal of Data and Network Science, 8(2), 1099–1110. https://doi.org/10.5267/j.ijdns.2023.11.024
  32. Meniado, J. C., Huyen, D. T. T., Panyadilokpong, N., & Lertkomolwit, P. (2024). Using ChatGPT for second language writing: Experiences and perceptions of EFL learners in Thailand and Vietnam. Computers and Education, 7, 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.caeai.2024.100313
  33. Monika, G., & Suganthan, C. (2024). A study on analyzing the role of ChatGPT in English acquisition among ESL learners during English language classroom. Bodhi International Journal of Research in Humanities, Arts and Science, 8(2), 75–84. https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.28252.56961
  34. Mizumoto, A., & Eguchi, M. (2023). Exploring the potential of using an AI language model for automated essay scoring. Research Methods in Applied Linguistics, 2(2), 100050. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rmal.2023.100050
  35. Pallant, J. (2005). SPSS Survival Guide: A step-by-step guide to data analysis using SPSS for Windows (3rd ed.). Open University Press.
  36. Pavlik, J. V. (2023). Collaborating with ChatGPT: Considering the implications of generative artificial intelligence for journalism and media education. Journalism & Mass Communication Educator, 78(1), 84-93. https://doi.org/10.1177/10776958221149577
  37. Phosa, S. (2024). The study of EFL students’ attitudes and behaviours toward using ChatGPT in English language learning. Journal of English Language and Linguistics, 5(3), 332-344. https://doi.org/10.62819/jel.2024.656
  38. Rahman, M. S., Sabbir, M. M., Zhang, D. J., Moral, I. H., & Hossain, G. M. S. (2023). Examining students’ intention to use ChatGPT: Does trust matter? Australasian Journal of Educational Technology, 39(6), 51–71. https://doi.org/10.14742/ajet.8956
  39. Rudolph, J., Tan, S., & Tan, S. (2023). ChatGPT: Bullshit spewer or the end of traditional Assessments in Higher education? Journal of Applied Learning and Teaching, 6(1), 242-263. https://doi.org/10.37074/jalt.2023.6.1.9
  40. Say, K., Srisawatsakul, C., & Boontarig, W. (2024). TalkTutorAI: Empowering English language proficiency through ChatGPT-assisted conversational practice - A case study at Ubon Ratchathani Rajabhat University, Thailand. Journal of Applied Informatics and Technology, 7(1), 12–26. https://doi.org/10.14456/jait.2025.2
  41. Stan, M. M., Dumitru, C., & Bucuroiu, F. (2025). Investigating teachers’ attitudes toward the integration of ChatGPT in language teaching and learning in higher education. Education and Information Technologies, 1-18. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10639-025-13396-w
  42. Stokel-Walker, C. (2022). AI bot ChatGPT writes brilliant essays - Should academics worry? Nature. https://doi.org/10.1038/D41586-022-04397-7 Syaripuddin, R. (2024). Enhancing EFL students’ oral proficiency: The ChatGPT-assisted debate clinic method. JELITA, 5(2), 627–639. https://doi.org/10.56185/jelita.v5i2.651
  43. Tanak, A. (2020). Designing TPACK-based course for preparing student teachers to teach science with technological pedagogical content knowledge. Kasetsart Journal of Social Sciences, 41(1), 53-59. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.kjss.2018.07.012
  44. Tangermann, I. (2024). Write the unwritten: A qualitative vignette study into the implications of AI use within the first steps of the job application process [Master’s thesis, University of Twente]. University of Twente Student Theses.
  45. Ulla, M. B., Perales, W. F., & Busbus, S. O. (2023). ‘To generate or stop generating response’: Exploring EFL teachers’ perspectives on ChatGPT in English language teaching in Thailand. Learning: Research and Practice, 9(2), 168–182. https://doi.org/10.1080/23735082.2023.2257252
  46. Xiao, Y., & Zhi, Y. (2023). An exploratory study of EFL learners’ use of ChatGPT for language learning tasks: Experience and perceptions. Languages, 8(3), 212. https://doi.org/10.3390/languages8030212
  47. Yu, S. C., Huang, Y. M., & Wu, T. T. (2024). Tool, Threat, Tutor, Talk, and Trend: College Students’ Attitudes toward ChatGPT. Behavioral Sciences, 14(9), 755. https://doi.org/10.3390/bs14090755
  48. Admiraal, W., Louws, M., Lockhorst, D., Paas, T., Buynsters, M., Cviko, A.,. & Kester, L. (2017). Teachers in school-based technology innovations: A typology of their beliefs on teaching and technology. Computers & Education, 114, 57-68. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2017.06.013
  49. Kasneci, E., Seßler, K., Küchemann, S., Bannert, M., Dementieva, D., Fischer, F.,. & Kasneci, G. (2023). ChatGPT for good? On opportunities and challenges of large language models for education. Learning and individual differences, 103, 102274. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lindif.2023.102274