Journals / The Literacy Trek / 2026 / Volume: 12 Issue: 1

Teaching L2 Writing in the Artificial Intelligence (AI) Era: Current Practices in an EFL Context

Pages
—
Publication Date
2026-06-30
🏛️Bibliographic metadata and full text access for this article are provided via DergiPark.
DergiPark Record ↗
✨

AI Summary & Key Takeaways

AI Insight
⚡ TL;DR(Too Long; Didn't Read)

At the same time, results demonstrate instructors’ engagement with AI technologies, revealing their perceptions of AI’s uses and potential in EFL writing classrooms.

📌 3 Key Takeaways

🎯
Objective & Hypothesis:Over the past few decades, a range of pedagogical approaches has informed the teaching of ESL/EFL writing.
📊
Key Findings & Data:Recent developments in generative AI technologies, however, have been reshaping practices of writing, warranting empirical inquiry into current pedagogical practices to examine whether and how language teachers respond to emerging AI-related pedagogical trends in L2 writing education.
💡
Conclusion & Impact:At the same time, results demonstrate instructors’ engagement with AI technologies, revealing their perceptions of AI’s uses and potential in EFL writing classrooms.
🔬Design:Research Article
📍Scope:Comprehensive Sample
⚙️Variables:Artificial intelligence · EFL writing · pedagogy

Abstract

Over the past few decades, a range of pedagogical approaches has informed the teaching of ESL/EFL writing. Recent developments in generative AI technologies, however, have been reshaping practices of writing, warranting empirical inquiry into current pedagogical practices to examine whether and how language teachers respond to emerging AI-related pedagogical trends in L2 writing education. Providing a contextualized account of English writing instruction in Turkish higher education through a mixed method analysis of EFL writing instructors’ perspectives, this study establishes that traditional pedagogical approaches continue to dominate instructional practices within the local context of this study. At the same time, results demonstrate instructors’ engagement with AI technologies, revealing their perceptions of AI’s uses and potential in EFL writing classrooms.

🔖

Cite This Article

Özer, H. Z. (2026). Teaching L2 Writing in the Artificial Intelligence (AI) Era: Current Practices in an EFL Context. The Literacy Trek, Volume: 12 Issue: 1. https://doi.org/10.47216/literacytrek.1870683

📄 Full Text PDF Viewer

📄

PDF görüntüleyici hazırlanıyor...

References (52)

  1. Alzahrani, K. J., & Alotaibi, H. H. (2024). The impact of artificial intelligence on enhancing EFL writing skills among high school students. Journal of Educational and Human Sciences, 34, 226–240.
  2. Anson, C. M. (2014). Process pedagogy and its legacy. In G. Tate, A. R. Taggart, K. Schick, & H. B. Hessler (Eds.), A guide to composition pedagogies (pp. 212– 230). Oxford University Press.
  3. Australian Education Research Organisation. (2022). Writing and writing instruction: An overview of the literature.
  4. Baskara, F. R. (2023). Integrating ChatGPT into EFL writing instruction: Benefits and challenges. International Journal of Education and Learning, 5(1), 44–55. https://doi.org/10.31763/ijele.v5i1.858
  5. Belmekki, A., & Sekkal, F. (2018). The effect of process-genre approach on ESP students’ achievement in writing business letters. European Journal of Research and Reflection in Educational Sciences, 6(2), 10–14.
  6. Birhan, A. T., & Nurie, Y. (2024). Developing engineering students’ engagement in academic writing classes using corpus-based instruction. Asian-Pacific Journal of Second and Foreign Language Education, 9, Article 11. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40862-023-00232-2
  7. Borna, P., Mohammadi, R., & Nia, R. K. (2024). Investigating the effect of AI writing assistance tools on Iranian intermediate EFL learners’ writing performance: A comparative study of ProWritingAid and Grammarly. Research in English Language Pedagogy, 12(3), 478–504.
  8. Bowen, J. A., & Watson, C. E. (2024). Teaching with AI. Johns Hopkins University Press.
  9. Devitt, A. J. (2014). Genre pedagogies. In G. Tate, A. R. Taggart, K. Schick, & H. B. Hessler (Eds.), A guide to composition pedagogies (pp. 146–162). Oxford University Press.
  10. Duong, T., & Chen, H. (2025). An AI chatbot for EFL writing: Students’ usage, tendencies, writing performance, and perceptions. Journal of Educational Computing Research, 63(2), 406–430.
  11. Emilia, E., & Hamied, F. A. (2015). Systemic functional linguistic genre pedagogy (SFL GP) in a tertiary EFL writing context in Indonesia. TEFLIN Journal, 26(2), 155–182. http://dx.doi.org/10.15639/teflinjournal.v26i2/155-182
  12. Faraj, A. K. A. (2015). Scaffolding EFL students’ writing through the writing process approach. Journal of Education and Practice, 6(13), 131–141.
  13. Freire, P. (1970). Pedagogy of the oppressed. Continuum.
  14. García, O. (2009). Education, multilingualism, and translanguaging in the 21st century. In T. Skutnabb-Kangas, R. Phillipson, A. K. Mohanty, & M. Panda (Eds.), Social justice through multilingual education (pp. 140–158). Multilingual Matters.
  15. Gill, A. A., & Janjua, F. (2020). Genre pedagogy and ELLs’ writing skills: A theme analysis. English Language Teaching, 13(8), 141–151. https://doi.org/10.5539/elt.v13n8p141
  16. Guo, K., & Wang, D. (2024). To resist it or to embrace it? Examining ChatGPT’s potential to support teacher feedback in EFL writing. Education and Information Technologies, 29, 8435–8463. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10639-023-12146-0
  17. Halliday, M. A. K. (1978). Language as social semiotic. Edward Arnold.
  18. Han, J., & Li, M. (2024). Exploring ChatGPT-supported teacher feedback in the EFL context. System, 126, Article 103502. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.system.2024.103502
  19. Huang, Y., & Zhang, L. J. (2020). Does a process-genre approach help improve students’ argumentative writing in English as a foreign language? Findings from an intervention study. Reading & Writing Quarterly, 36(4), 339–364. https://doi.org/10.1080/10573569.2019.1649223
  20. Hyland, K. (2007). Genre pedagogy: Language, literacy, and L2 writing instruction. Journal of Second Language Writing, 16, 148–164.
  21. Hyland, K. (2019). Second language writing. Cambridge University Press.
  22. Kessler, M., & Casal, J. E. (2024). English writing instructors’ use of theories, genres, and activities: A survey of teachers’ beliefs and practices. Journal of English for Academic Purposes, 69, Article 101384. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jeap.2024.101384
  23. Lan, N. T. H., & Anh, T. D. (2022). Teaching English writing through process-genre approach: An action research project. Vietnam Journal of Educational Sciences, 18(2), 21–30. https://doi.org/10.15625/2615-8957/22210202
  24. Lee, I., Yu, S., & Liu, Y. (2018). Hong Kong secondary students’ motivation in EFL writing: A survey study. TESOL Quarterly, 52(1), 176–187. https://doi.org/10.1002/tesq.364
  25. Li, M. (2022). Researching and teaching second language writing in the digital age. Springer.
  26. Li, J., Huang, J., Wu, W., & Whipple, P. B. (2024). Evaluating the role of ChatGPT in enhancing EFL writing assessments in classroom settings: A preliminary investigation. Humanities and Social Sciences Communications, 11. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41599-024-03755-2
  27. Lu, Q., Yao, Y., Xiao, L., Yuan, M., Wang, J., & Zhu, X. (2024). Can ChatGPT effectively complement teacher assessment of undergraduate students’ academic writing? Assessment & Evaluation in Higher Education, 49(5), 616–633. https://doi.org/10.1080/02602938.2024.2301722
  28. Macken-Horarik, M. (2001). “Something to shoot for”: A systemic functional approach to teaching genre in secondary school science. In A. M. Johns (Ed.), Genre in the classroom: Multiple perspectives (pp. 17–42). Lawrence Erlbaum.
  29. Marghany, M. M. (2023). Using artificial intelligence-based instruction to develop EFL higher education students’ essay writing skills. Occasional Papers, 82, 219–240.
  30. Mekheimer, M. (2025). Generative AI-assisted feedback and EFL writing: A study on proficiency, revision frequency and writing quality. Discover Education, 4, Article 170.
  31. Miller, C. R. (1984). Genre as social action. Quarterly Journal of Speech, 70, 151–167. Mo, Z., & Crosthwaite, P. (2025). Exploring the affordances of generative AI large language models for stance and engagement in academic writing. Journal of English for Academic Purposes, 75, Article 101499. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jeap.2025.101499
  32. Murray, D. M. (1972). Teach writing as a process not product. The Leaflet, 71(3), 11– 14. https://doi.org/10.55593/ej.26103a13
  33. Naghdipour, B. (2016). English writing instruction in Iran: Implications for second language writing curriculum and pedagogy. Journal of Second Language Writing, 32, 81–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jslw.2016.05.001
  34. New London Group. (1996). A pedagogy of multiliteracies: Designing social futures. Harvard Educational Review, 66(1), 60–92.
  35. Pincas, A. (1982). Teaching English writing. Macmillan.
  36. Pratama, R. M. D., & Hastuti, D. P. (2024). The use of artificial intelligence to improve EFL students’ writing skill. English Learning Innovation, 5(1), 13–25.
  37. Ramos, K. A. (2015). Using genre pedagogy to teach adolescent English learners to write academic persuasive essays. The Journal of Education, 195(2), 19–35.
  38. Saldaña, J. (2009). The coding manual for qualitative researchers. SAGE.
  39. Sinclair, J. (1991). Corpus, concordance, collocation. Oxford University Press.
  40. Song, C., & Song, Y. (2023). Enhancing academic writing skills and motivation: Assessing the efficacy of ChatGPT in AI-assisted language learning for EFL students. Frontiers in Psychology, 14. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1260843
  41. Susser, B. (1994). Process approaches in ESL/EFL writing instruction. Journal of Second Language Writing, 3(1), 31–47.
  42. Swales, J. M. (1990). Genre analysis: English in academic and research settings. Cambridge University Press.
  43. Thi, N. K., & Nikolov, M. (2022). How teacher and Grammarly feedback complement one another in Myanmar EFL students’ writing. The Asia-Pacific Education Researcher, 31, 767–779. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40299-021-00625-2
  44. Wahyuda, M. I., Putera, A. A., & Khuseini, M. (2022). The effectiveness of ProWritingAid toward students’ writing skills in senior high school. English Edu: Journal of English Teaching and Learning, 1(1), 25–33.
  45. Xiao, Q. (2024). ChatGPT as an artificial intelligence (AI) writing assistant for EFL learners: An exploratory study of its effects on English writing proficiency. In The 9th International Conference on Information and Education Innovations. https://doi.org/10.1145/3664934.3664946
  46. Xu, X., & Li, X. (2018). Teaching academic writing through a process-genre approach: A pedagogical exploration of an EAP program in China. TESL-EJ, 22(2).
  47. Yan, D. (2023). Impact of ChatGPT on learners in a L2 writing practicum: An exploratory investigation. Education and Information Technologies, 28, 13943– 13967. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10639-023-11742-4
  48. Yang, S. (2020). Critical pedagogy for foreign-language writing. L2 Journal, 12(2), 110–127.
  49. Zhang, Y., Peng, J., & Zheng, Y. (2024). Teachers’ perceptions of implementing digital multimodal composing in tertiary classrooms: Voices from Chinese EFL teachers. International Journal of Applied Linguistics, 34, 1265–1282.
  50. Zhang, T., & Zhang, L. J. (2021). Taking stock of a genre-based pedagogy: Sustaining the development of EFL students’ knowledge of the elements in argumentation and writing improvement. Sustainability, 13, Article 11616. https://doi.org/10.3390/su132111616
  51. Zhao, X. (2023). Leveraging artificial intelligence (AI) technology for English writing: Introducing Wordtune as a digital writing assistant for EFL writers. RELC Journal, 54(3), 890–894. https://doi.org/10.1177/00336882221094089
  52. Zou, M., & Huang, L. (2024). The impact of ChatGPT on L2 writing and expected responses: Voice from doctoral students. Education and Information Technologies, 29, 13201–13219. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10639-023-12397-x