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Journals / Mehmet Akif Ersoy Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi / 2025 / Cilt: 16 Sayı: 2

Fabrication of Methylammonium Bismuth Iodide Thin Films by Flash Evaporation and Co-Evaporation Methods: Comparison of Structural and Optical Properties

Metilamonyum Bizmut İyodür İnce Filmlerinin Flaş ve Eş Zamanlı Buharlaştırma Yöntemleriyle Üretimi: Yapısal ve Optik Özelliklerin Karşılaştırılması

Gökhan Yılmaz(BURDUR MEHMET AKİF ERSOY ÜNİVERSİTESİ)0000-0003-0834-9736
Asuman Koçu(BURDUR MEHMET AKİF ERSOY ÜNİVERSİTESİ)0000-0002-1826-9118
Pages
71–78
Publication Date
2025-12-29
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AI Summary & Key Takeaways

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⚡ TL;DR(Too Long; Didn't Read)

The results demonstrated that both methods are capable of producing optically active MA3Bi2I9 thin films; however, films produced by flash evaporation exhibited a denser, more homogeneous structure with superior optical absorption performance.

📌 3 Key Takeaways

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Objective & Hypothesis:In this study, lead-free perovskite material (CH3NH3)3Bi2I9 (MA3Bi2I9) thin films were fabricated using two different physical vapor deposition techniques: flash evaporation and co-evaporation.
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Key Findings & Data:The results demonstrated that both methods are capable of producing optically active MA3Bi2I9 thin films; however, films produced by flash evaporation exhibited a denser, more homogeneous structure with superior optical absorption performance.
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Conclusion & Impact:These findings indicate that the flash evaporation technique offers significant advantages in the fabrication of lead-free MA3Bi2I9 perovskite thin films and holds potential for high-performance optoelectronic device applications.
🔬Design:Araştırma Makalesi
📍Scope:Comprehensive Sample
⚙️Variables:Metilamonyum bizmut iyodür · ince film · flaş buharlaştırma

Abstract

In this study, lead-free perovskite material (CH3NH3)3Bi2I9 (MA3Bi2I9) thin films were fabricated using two different physical vapor deposition techniques: flash evaporation and co-evaporation. The structural, morphological, and optical properties of the fabricated films were thoroughly characterized, and the effects of the deposition methods on film quality were comparatively evaluated. The crystal structure was analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), surface morphology by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and optical properties by UV-Vis spectroscopy. The results demonstrated that both methods are capable of producing optically active MA3Bi2I9 thin films; however, films produced by flash evaporation exhibited a denser, more homogeneous structure with superior optical absorption performance. The direct band gap was determined to be 1.89 eV for the co-evaporation method and 1.91 eV for the flash evaporation method, while the indirect band gap was calculated as 1.78 eV for both. These findings indicate that the flash evaporation technique offers significant advantages in the fabrication of lead-free MA3Bi2I9 perovskite thin films and holds potential for high-performance optoelectronic device applications.

Özet

Bu çalışmada, kurşunsuz perovskit malzeme (CH3NH3)3Bi2I9 (MA3Bi2I9) ince filmleri, iki farklı fiziksel buharlaştırma tekniği olan flaş buharlaştırma ve eş zamanlı buharlaştırma yöntemleri kullanılarak üretilmiştir. Üretilen filmlerin yapısal, morfolojik ve optik özellikleri detaylı bir şekilde karakterize edilerek, üretim yöntemlerinin film kalitesi üzerindeki etkileri karşılaştırmalı olarak değerlendirilmiştir. X-ışını kırınımı (XRD) ile kristal yapı, taramalı elektron mikroskobu (SEM) ile yüzey morfolojisi ve UV-Vis spektroskopisi ile optik özellikler analiz edilmiştir. Elde edilen sonuçlar, her iki yöntemin de optik olarak aktif MA3Bi2I9 ince filmleri üretebildiğini göstermekle birlikte, flaş buharlaştırma yöntemiyle üretilen filmlerin daha yoğun, homojen ve yüksek optik absorpsiyon performansına sahip olduğunu ortaya koymuştur. Doğrudan bant aralığı değerleri eş zamanlı buharlaştırma yöntemi için 1,89 eV, flaş buharlaştırma yöntemi için ise 1,91 eV olarak belirlenirken, dolaylı bant aralığı her iki yöntem için de 1,78 eV olarak hesaplanmıştır. Bu bulgular, flaş buharlaştırma yönteminin kurşunsuz MA3Bi2I9 perovskit ince filmlerin üretim optimizasyonu açısından önemli avantajlar sunduğunu ve yüksek performanslı optoelektronik cihaz uygulamaları için potansiyel taşıdığını göstermektedir.

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Cite This Article

Yılmaz, G., Koçu, A. (2025). Fabrication of Methylammonium Bismuth Iodide Thin Films by Flash Evaporation and Co-Evaporation Methods: Comparison of Structural and Optical Properties. Mehmet Akif Ersoy Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi, Cilt: 16 Sayı: 2, 71–78. https://doi.org/10.29048/makufebed.1759622

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