Journals / Language Teaching and Educational Research / 2026 / Volume: 9 Issue: 1

Digital Encounters with Asian Englishes: Perceptions and Language Ideologies among Turkish University Preparatory Students

Fikri Geçkinli(İSTANBUL SABAHATTİN ZAİM ÜNİVERSİTESİ)0000-0002-3572-5939
Pages
—
Publication Date
2026-05-20
🏛️Bibliographic metadata and full text access for this article are provided via DergiPark.
DergiPark Record ↗
✨

AI Summary & Key Takeaways

AI Insight
⚡ TL;DR(Too Long; Didn't Read)

Findings suggest that English teaching in Türkiye should go beyond native-speaker models and acknowledge the linguistic diversity of global English use.

📌 3 Key Takeaways

🎯
Objective & Hypothesis:While many people see English as a global language, regional varieties from Asia, particularly Korean, Indian, and Filipino English, are gaining prominence through their digital manifestations via YouTube, Instagram, online gaming, and more.
📊
Key Findings & Data:According to survey data (n = 120) and focus group discussions (n = 18), Korean and Filipino Englishes are usually seen as accessible and relatable while Indian English is frequently judged as less familiar due to relative unfamiliarity and sociolinguistic biases of the respondents.
💡
Conclusion & Impact:Findings suggest that English teaching in Türkiye should go beyond native-speaker models and acknowledge the linguistic diversity of global English use.
🔬Design:Survey & Empirical Study
📍Scope:Comprehensive Sample
⚙️Variables:Asian Englishes · English as a Lingua Franca (ELF) · World Englishes

Abstract

While many people see English as a global language, regional varieties from Asia, particularly Korean, Indian, and Filipino English, are gaining prominence through their digital manifestations via YouTube, Instagram, online gaming, and more. In Türkiye, on the other hand, much of the education in the English language is based on native-speaker norms, creating a disconnection between students’ everyday speech and teacher expectations. This study aims to examine how Turkish university-level students view Asian Englishes and to what extent exposure to Asian Englishes inform their attitudes towards English language, as well as their identities as users of the English language. According to survey data (n = 120) and focus group discussions (n = 18), Korean and Filipino Englishes are usually seen as accessible and relatable while Indian English is frequently judged as less familiar due to relative unfamiliarity and sociolinguistic biases of the respondents. Non-native speakers of English communicate effectively on the Internet, and students find their communicative competence admirable. Nevertheless, it is still the case that students regard American and British English as the most legitimate. Findings suggest that English teaching in Türkiye should go beyond native-speaker models and acknowledge the linguistic diversity of global English use.

🔖

Cite This Article

Geçkinli, F. (2026). Digital Encounters with Asian Englishes: Perceptions and Language Ideologies among Turkish University Preparatory Students. Language Teaching and Educational Research, Volume: 9 Issue: 1. https://doi.org/10.35207/later.1870895

📄 Full Text PDF Viewer

📄

PDF görüntüleyici hazırlanıyor...

References (43)

  1. Androutsopoulos, J. (2014). Mediatization and sociolinguistic change. De Gruyter. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110346831
  2. Aydın, F., & Karakaş, A. (2021). Turkish EFL teachers’ awareness about ELF and the underlying ideologies behind their (non)-awareness. The Reading Matrix: An International Online Journal, 21(1), 72-88.
  3. Bayyurt, Y., & Altınmakas, D. (2012). A WE/ELF-informed academic writing course at a Turkish university. In A. Matsuda (Ed.), Principles and practices of teaching English as an international language (pp. 169-185). Multilingual Matters.
  4. Bayyurt, Y., & Sifakis, N. (2015). Developing an ELF-aware pedagogy: Insights from a self-education programme. In P. Vettorel (Ed.), New frontiers in teaching and learning English (pp. 55-76). Cambridge Scholars Publishing.
  5. Block, D. (2007). Second language identities. Continuum.
  6. Bolton, K. (2006). World Englishes today. In B. B. Kachru, Y. Kachru, & C. L. Nelson (Eds.), The handbook of World Englishes (pp. 240-269). Blackwell Publishing.
  7. Bolton, K. (2008). English in Asia, Asian Englishes, and the issue of proficiency. English Today, 24(2), 3-12. https://doi.org/10.1017/S026607840800014X
  8. Bourdieu, P. (1991). Language and symbolic power (J. B. Thompson, Ed.; G. Raymond & M. Adamson, Trans.). Harvard University Press.
  9. Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2006). Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qualitative Research in Psychology, 3(2), 77-101. https://doi.org/10.1191/1478088706qp063oa
  10. Cengiz, S., & Mede, E. (2024). The perceptions of instructors and students on native speakerism in terms of English language teaching, English variations, and culture. English Language in Focus (ELIF), 6(2), 113-128. https://jurnal.umj.ac.id/index.php/ELIF
  11. Ceyhan-Bingöl, Z., & Özkan, Y. (2019). EFL instructors’ perceptions and practices on English as a lingua franca (ELF). The Reading Matrix: An International Online Journal, 19(2), 86-102.
  12. Creswell, J. W., & Plano Clark, V. L. (2018). Designing and conducting mixed methods research (3rd ed.). SAGE Publications.
  13. Derwing, T. M., & Munro, M. J. (2015). Pronunciation fundamentals: Evidence-based perspectives for L2 teaching and research. John Benjamins Publishing Company.
  14. Deniz, E. B., Özkan, Y., & Bayyurt, Y. (2020). ELF-awareness in pre-service English language teacher education: A case study from Turkey. Hacettepe Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 35(2), 270-284. https://doi.org/10.16986/HUJE.2019053974
  15. Galloway, N., & Rose, H. (2015). Introducing Global Englishes. Routledge.
  16. Holliday, A. (2006). Native-speakerism. ELT Journal, 60(4), 385-387. https://doi.org/10.1093/elt/ccl030
  17. Jenkins, J. (2007). English as a lingua franca: Attitude and identity. Oxford University Press.
  18. Jenkins, J. (2015). Global Englishes: A resource book for students (3rd ed.). Routledge.
  19. Jin, D. Y. (2016). New Korean wave: Transnational cultural power in the age of social media. University of Illinois Press. https://doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252039973.001.0001
  20. Johnson, R. B., & Onwuegbuzie, A. J. (2004). Mixed methods research: A research paradigm whose time has come. Educational Researcher, 33(7), 14-26. https://doi.org/10.3102/0013189X033007014
  21. Kaçar, I. G., & Bayyurt, Y. (2017). ELF-aware pre-service teacher education to promote glocal interactions: A case study in Turkey. In S. C. Chang & N. C. Sifakis (Eds.), Conceptual shifts and contextualized practices in education for glocal interaction: Issues and implications (pp. 77-103). Springer.
  22. Kachru, B. B. (1985). Standards, codification and sociolinguistic realism: The English language in the Outer Circle. In R. Quirk & H. G. Widdowson (Eds.), English in the world (pp. 11-30). Cambridge University Press.
  23. Kachru, B. B. (1992). The other tongue: English across cultures (2nd ed.). University of Illinois Press.
  24. Karakaş, A. (2017). Students’ perceptions of ‘good English’ and the underlying ideologies behind their perceptions. Journal of Language and Linguistic Studies, 13(2), 487-509. https://www.jlls.org/index.php/jlls/article/view/729
  25. Karakaş, A. (2019). An analysis of the high school English curriculum in Turkey from an ELF perspective. Journal on English Language Teaching, 9(2), 1-10.
  26. Karakaş, A., & Boonsuk, Y. (2020). Current and future faces of English: Examining language awareness of Thai and Turkish student-teachers. LEARN Journal: Language Education and Acquisition Research Network, 13(2), 64-79. https://so04.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/LEARN
  27. Katırcı, S., & Karakaş, A. (2023). Coursebook writers’ orientations towards ELF: The case of coursebooks used in a private university. Bartın University Journal of Faculty of Education, 12(3), 501-514. https://doi.org/10.14686/buefad.1094889
  28. Kirkpatrick, A. (Ed.). (2020). The Routledge handbook of World Englishes (2nd ed.). Routledge.
  29. Kirkpatrick, A. (2021). World Englishes: Implications for international communication and English language teaching (2nd ed.). Cambridge University Press.
  30. Lee, S. (2022). The Korean wave: Evolution, fandom, and transnationality. Lexington Books.
  31. Mısır, H., & Gürbüz, N. (2022). ‘I like my accent but…’: EFL teachers’ evaluation of English accent varieties. Language Awareness, 31(4), 450-469. https://doi.org/10.1080/09658416.2021.1965153
  32. Norton, B. (2013). Identity and language learning: Extending the conversation (2nd ed.). Multilingual Matters.
  33. Özkanal, Ü. (2023). An examination of the English language teaching (ELT) curriculum in two Asian nations. In Ö. Baltacı (Ed.), Eğitimde güncel araştırmalar - II (pp. 1-19). Özgür Yayınları.
  34. Park, J. S. Y., & Wee, L. (2012). Markets of English: Linguistic capital and language policy in a globalizing world. Routledge.
  35. Pennycook, A., & Otsuji, E. (2015). Metrolingualism: Language in the city. Routledge.
  36. Sarandi, H. (2025). ELT students’ attitudes toward the pedagogical practice of English as a lingua franca. Asian Englishes, 27(3), 801-820. https://doi.org/10.1080/13488678.2025.2509189
  37. Seidlhofer, B. (2011). Understanding English as a lingua franca. Oxford University Press.
  38. Soruç, A., & Griffiths, C. (2023). The role of ‘correctness’ in the age of English as a lingua franca: Implications for teaching practice. Asian Englishes. https://doi.org/10.1080/13488678.2023.2266611
  39. Sung, C. C. M. (2020). English as a lingua franca in the international university: Language experiences and perceptions among international students. Language, Culture and Curriculum, 33(3), 258-273. https://doi.org/10.1080/07908318.2019.1695814
  40. Subtirelu, N. C. (2015). She does have an accent, but…: Race and language ideology in students’ evaluations of mathematics instructors on RateMyProfessors.com. Language in Society, 44(1), 35-62. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0047404514000736
  41. Tsui, A. B. M., & Tollefson, J. W. (2007). Language policy, culture, and identity in Asian contexts. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
  42. Ünlü, Z. (2022). A latent native speakerism in ELT in the private sector in Turkey: A small scale content analysis. Kastamonu Education Journal, 30(2), 484-491. https://doi.org/10.24106/kefdergi.1077670
  43. Üresin, F., & Karakaş, A. (2019). Investigation of Turkish EFL teachers’ views about standard languages, dialects and language varieties through the lenses of English and Turkish. The Literacy Trek, 5(2), 1-24. https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/literacytrek