Journals / Kıbrıs Türk Psikiyatri ve Psikoloji Dergisi / 2026 / Cilt: 8 Sayı: 2

The Relationship between Blood Donation Attitudes and Spiritual Well-Being among Adults: A Case Study of Türkiye

Yetişkinlerde Kan Bağışı Tutumları ile Spiritüel İyi Oluş Arasındaki İlişki: Türkiye Örneği

Niran Çoban(YALOVA ÜNİVERSİTESİ)0000-0002-1926-5362
Seda Dülcek(DOĞUŞ ÜNİVERSİTESİ)0000-0002-8890-4236
Pages
176–185
Publication Date
2026-06-24
🏛️Bibliographic metadata and full text access for this article are provided via DergiPark.
DergiPark Record ↗
✨

AI Summary & Key Takeaways

AI Insight
⚡ TL;DR(Too Long; Didn't Read)

It was found that 57.7% of the participants had never donated blood, 65.9% did not receive training on blood donation, 49.1% received training from healthcare personnel, and 55.8% stated that the training they received was insufficient.

📌 3 Key Takeaways

🎯
Objective & Hypothesis:Raising the global awareness of blood donation is of utmost importance.
📊
Key Findings & Data:This descriptive correlational study was conducted in June-September 2022 with 475 participants aged 18 years and older living in Türkiye.
💡
Conclusion & Impact:It was found that 57.7% of the participants had never donated blood, 65.9% did not receive training on blood donation, 49.1% received training from healthcare personnel, and 55.8% stated that the training they received was insufficient.
🔬Design:Survey & Empirical Study
📍Scope:2022 Verileri
⚙️Variables:Kan bağışı · Spiritüel İyi Oluş · Tutum

Abstract

Raising the global awareness of blood donation is of utmost importance. Consequently, it is crucial to pinpoint the elements that adversely affect people's perceptions of blood donation and to devise suitable remedies. This study was conducted to determine the relationship between the attitudes of adults living in Turkey toward blood donation and their levels of spiritual well-being. This descriptive correlational study was conducted in June-September 2022 with 475 participants aged 18 years and older living in Türkiye. The research data were obtained using the Individual Characteristics Questionnaire developed by the researchers, the Blood Donation Attitude Scale, and the Spiritual Well-Being Scale. The mean age of the participants was 32.64 ±9.69 years, and 70.1% were women. It was found that 57.7% of the participants had never donated blood, 65.9% did not receive training on blood donation, 49.1% received training from healthcare personnel, and 55.8% stated that the training they received was insufficient. A significant but weak positive correlation was found between the Blood Donation Attitude Scale total score and the Spiritual Well-Being Scale; Transcendence, Harmony with Nature, and Anomie subscales (p<0.01; p<0.01; p<0.05; r=0.96, respectively). There was a positive correlation between the Blood Donation Attitude Scale Societal and Social Responsibility subscale score and the Spiritual Well-Being Scale Transcendence and Harmony with Nature subscales, and a weak negative correlation between the Anomie subscale scores (p<0.01, r=0.122; p<0.01, r=0.296; p<0.05, r=-0.112, respectively). It was found that as the spiritual well-being of adult individuals improved, their blood donation attitudes also increased. In conclusion, our findings highlight the critical role of nurses in promoting blood donation through effective educational and awareness initiatives.

Özet

Kan bağışı konusunda küresel farkındalığın artırılması son derece önemlidir. Bu nedenle, bireylerin kan bağışı algılarını olumsuz yönde etkileyen unsurların belirlenmesi ve uygun çözüm yollarının geliştirilmesi büyük önem taşımaktadır. Bu çalışma, Türkiye'de yaşayan yetişkinlerin kan bağışı tutumları ile spiritüel iyi oluş düzeyleri arasındaki ilişkiyi belirlemek amacıyla yapılmıştır. Tanımlayıcı ve ilişkisel türdeki bu araştırma, Haziran–Eylül 2022 tarihleri arasında Türkiye’de yaşayan 18 yaş ve üzeri 475 katılımcı ile gerçekleştirilmiştir. Araştırma verileri, araştırmacılar tarafından geliştirilen Bireysel Özellikler Formu, Kan Bağışı Tutum Ölçeği ve Spiritüel İyi Oluş Ölçeği kullanılarak toplanmıştır. Katılımcıların yaş ortalaması 32,64 ± 9,69 yıl olup, %70,1’i kadındır. Katılımcıların %57,7’sinin daha önce hiç kan bağışında bulunmadığı, %65,9’unun kan bağışı konusunda herhangi bir eğitim almadığı, %49,1’inin eğitimi sağlık personelinden aldığı ve %55,8’inin aldığı eğitimin yetersiz olduğunu düşündüğü belirlenmiştir. Kan Bağışı Tutum Ölçeği toplam puanı ile Spiritüel İyi Oluş Ölçeği’nin Transandans, Doğa ile Uyum ve Anomi alt boyutları arasında anlamlı ancak zayıf pozitif korelasyon bulunmuştur (sırasıyla p<0.01; p<0.01; p<0.05; r=0.96). Ayrıca, Kan Bağışı Tutum Ölçeği’nin Toplumsal ve Sosyal Sorumluluk alt boyutu ile Spiritüel İyi Oluş Ölçeği’nin Transandans ve Doğa ile Uyum alt boyutları arasında pozitif; Anomi alt boyutu ile ise zayıf negatif korelasyon bulunmuştur (sırasıyla p<0.01, r=0.122; p<0.01, r=0.296; p<0.05, r=-0.112). Yetişkin bireylerin spiritüel iyi oluş düzeyleri arttıkça, kan bağışı tutumlarının da olumlu yönde geliştiği saptanmıştır. Sonuç olarak, bulgularımız, hemşirelerin etkili eğitim ve farkındalık çalışmaları aracılığıyla kan bağışını teşvik etmedeki kritik rolünü ortaya koymaktadır.

🔖

Cite This Article

Kalkavan, E. B., Çoban, N., Dülcek, S., Beydağ, K. D. (2026). The Relationship between Blood Donation Attitudes and Spiritual Well-Being among Adults: A Case Study of Türkiye. Kıbrıs Türk Psikiyatri ve Psikoloji Dergisi, Cilt: 8 Sayı: 2, 176–185. https://doi.org/10.35365/ctjpp.26.2.08

📄 Full Text PDF Viewer

📄

PDF görüntüleyici hazırlanıyor...

References (37)

  1. Ajzen, I. (1991). The theory of planned behavior. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 50(2), 179–211. https://doi.org/10.1016/0749-5978(91)90020-T
  2. Ali, S., El Hadad, S., & Ahmed, D. (2022). Assessment of Safety Nursing Practices Provided to Patients undergoing Blood Transfusion procedure. Alexandria Scientific Nursing Journal, 24(1), 89–99. https://doi.org/10.21608/asalexu.2022.246014
  3. Almeida, R. G., Martinez, E. Z., Mazzo, A., Trevizan, M. A., & Mendes, I. A. (2013). Spirituality and post-graduate students’ attitudes towards blood donation. Nursing Ethics, 20(4), 392–400. https://doi.org/10.1177/0969733012465999
  4. Alshehri, F. D., Alshehri, F. W., Alshehri, M. A., Alshehri, K. D., & Alshehri, A. M. (2024). The Role of Nurses in Ensuring Safe and Efficient Blood Donation Practices. Journal of International Crisis & Risk Communication Research, 7, 1342–1351. https://doi.org/10.63278/jicrcr.vi.725
  5. Aras, E., & Peker, A. (2024). Adolescents’ Attitudes and Intention to Seek Psychological Help According to the Theory of Planned Behavior. Psikiyatride Güncel Yaklaşımlar, 16(4), 617–627. https://doi.org/10.18863/pgy.1371163
  6. Bambling, M. (2025). The Problem of Scale Contamination and Construct Validity in Mental Health, Social Science, and Spirituality-Related Research. Health and Social Care Chaplaincy, 210–216. https://doi.org/10.1558/hscc.31277
  7. Bandura, A. (2001). Social Cognitive Theory of Mass Communication. Media Psychology, 3(3), 265–299. https://doi.org/10.1207/S1532785XMEP0303_03
  8. Casal-Otero, L., Marques, E., Martínez-Santos, A.-E., Rodríguez-González, R., & Fernández-de-la-Iglesia, J. del C. (2020). Conhecimento de estudantes portugueses de enfermagem sobre doação de sangue. Acta Paulista de Enfermagem, 33. https://doi.org/10.37689/acta-ape/2020AO0166
  9. Çelik, C., & Güven, G. (2015). Kan bağışı tutum ölçeğinin geliştirilmesi: geçerlilik ve güvenilirlik çalışması. Erzincan University Journal of Education Faculty, 17(2), 504–521. http://dx.doi.org/10.17556/jef.94590
  10. Easmin, F., & Islam, Md. A. (2024). Assessment of Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice of Donors Towards Blood Donation and Outcome of an Intervention to Change the Behavior of Donors- A Systematic Review. Saudi Journal of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 10(04), 231–237. https://doi.org/10.36348/sjmps.2024.v10i04.005
  11. Ekşi, H., & Kardaş, S. (2017). Spiritual Well-Being: Scale Development and Validation. Spiritual Psychology and Counseling, 2(1), 73–88. https://doi.org/10.12738/spc.2017.1.0022
  12. Ekşi, P., Bayrak, B., Yakar, H. K., & Oğuz, S. (2022). Evaluation of nurses’ attitudes and behaviors against blood donation. Transfusion and Apheresis Science, 61(2), 103317. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.transci.2021.103317
  13. Eltewacy, N. K., Ali, H. T., Owais, T. A., Alkanj, S., Elbahnasawy, M., Ahmed, A. H. B., Ahmed, M. H., Liaquat, A., Hasanin, E., Moghari, M. B., jabo, M. D. A., Alhumaidi, N. T., Janem, A. M., sulaiman, H. subhi, Rais, M. A., Riyaz, R., Salem, M., Al-Mekhlafi, M. A., Mumtaz, H., … Ebada, M. A. (2024). Unveiling blood donation knowledge, attitude, and practices among 12,606 university students: a cross-sectional study across 16 countries. Scientific Reports, 14(1), 8219. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-58284-4
  14. Fisher, R. J. (1993). Social Desirability Bias and the Validity of Indirect Questioning. Journal of Consumer Research, 20(2), 303. https://doi.org/10.1086/209351
  15. France, C. R., France, J. L., Himawan, L. K., Stephens, K. Y., Frame‐Brown, T. A., Venable, G. A., & Menitove, J. E. (2013). How afraid are you of having blood drawn from your arm? A simple fear question predicts vasovagal reactions without causing them among high school donors. Transfusion, 53(2), 315–321. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1537-2995.2012.03726.x
  16. Getie, A., Amlak, B. T., Ayenew, T., Gedfew, M., Yilak, G., Wondmieneh, A., & Bimerew, M. (2024). Ethiopian residents’ knowledge and attitude towards blood donation and its associated factors: systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Public Health, 24(1), 3256. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-024-20679-3
  17. Getie, A., Wondmieneh, A., & Bimerew, M. (2024). Attitude towards blood donation and its associated factors, types of blood donation, willingness, and feeling towards blood donation among potential blood donors in Ethiopia: systematic review and meta-analysis, observational study. Hematology, 29(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/16078454.2024.2355600
  18. Gilchrist, P. T., Masser, B. M., Horsley, K., & Ditto, B. (2019). Predicting blood donation intention: the importance of fear. Transfusion, 59(12), 3666–3673. https://doi.org/10.1111/trf.15554
  19. Hagger, M. S., Cheung, M. W.-L., Ajzen, I., & Hamilton, K. (2022). Perceived behavioral control moderating effects in the theory of planned behavior: A meta-analysis. Health Psychology, 41(2), 155–167. https://doi.org/10.1037/hea0001153
  20. Harrell, S., Simons, A. M., & Clasen, P. (2022). Promoting blood donation through social media: Evidence from Brazil, India, and the USA. Social Science & Medicine, 315, 115485. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2022.115485
  21. Hassan, S. N., Thirumulu Ponnuraj, K., Mohamad, S., Hassan, R., & Wan Ab Rahman, W. S. (2019). Molecular Detection of Glycophorins A and B Variant Phenotypes and their Clinical Relevance. Transfusion Medicine Reviews, 33(2), 118–124. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tmrv.2019.02.003
  22. Imran, M. H., & Leng, X. (2025). A Critical Review on Pargament’s Theory of Religious Coping: In the Context of the COVID-19 Pandemic. Journal of Religion and Health, 64(1), 657–671. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10943-024-02136-y
  23. Jaysawal, N., & Saha, S. (2023). COVID-19 and spiritual well-being: implications for social work. Journal of Religion & Spirituality in Social Work: Social Thought, 42(2), 135–151. https://doi.org/10.1080/15426432.2022.2127391
  24. Klimasiński, M. W. (2021). Spiritual care in the intensive care unit. Anaesthesiology Intensive Therapy, 53(4), 350–357. https://doi.org/10.5114/ait.2021.109920
  25. Koenig, H. G., & Carey, L. B. (2024). Religion, Spirituality, and Health Research: Warning of Contaminated Scales. Journal of Religion and Health, 63(5), 3729–3743. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10943-024-02112-6
  26. Ma, M., Yang, R., Gu, J., Ke, S., Du, X., & Zheng, J. (2024). Factors associated with blood donation among college and university students in Wuhan, China: structural equation model. BMC Public Health, 24(1), 1847. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-024-19384-y
  27. McGinnis, C. (2022). Religious and Spiritual Implications in Functional Anger. Journal of Pastoral Care & Counseling: Advancing Theory and Professional Practice through Scholarly and Reflective Publications, 76(4), 270–280. https://doi.org/10.1177/15423050221117765
  28. Mohammed, A. S., Yassin, A., & Aliyi, A. A. (2022). Voluntary blood donation practice and its associated factors among civil servants in Bale Robe town, Southeast Ethiopia, 2021. SAGE Open Medicine, 10. https://doi.org/10.1177/20503121221102099
  29. Nyambiya, T. E., Muromo, T., & Muchena, K. (2020). ‘My blood is now old and exhausted’: A Qualitative Study of Adults’ Behavioural Beliefs About Donating Blood in Harare, Zimbabwe. Africa Sanguine, 22(1), 14–22. https://doi.org/10.4314/asan.v22i1.3
  30. Ogundeji, S. P., Ajayi, O. D., Busari, O. E., Ogundeji, O. A., Adepoju, O. A., & Esan, F. G. (2021). Knowledge, attitude, and perception towards voluntary blood donation among university students in Nigeria. ISBT Science Series, 16(1), 85–91. https://doi.org/10.1111/voxs.12614
  31. Pargament, K. I. (1997). The psychology of religion and coping: Theory, research, & practice. Guilford Press. ISBN: 1-57230-214-3
  32. Ramondt, S., Kerkhof, P., & Merz, E.-M. (2022). Blood Donation Narratives on Social Media: A Topic Modeling Study. Transfusion Medicine Reviews, 36(1), 58–65. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tmrv.2021.10.001
  33. Razmetaeva, Y. S. (2023). Digital Platforms and Their Normative Role: Looking Through the Lens of European Fundamental Values1. Law and Society, 4, 38–44. https://doi.org/10.32842/2078-3736/2023.4.7
  34. Shivamurthy, V., Chandrasekhar, T., Ghatapanadi, S., LalyaNaik, P., Samyuktha, K., & Girish, N. (2024). Pre-donation Hydration and Muscle Tensing Exercises to Reduce Donor Adverse Reactions due to Blood Donation. Asian Journal of Medical Research & Health Sciences (A-JMRHS), 2(1), 17. https://doi.org/10.5455/AJMRHS.1107202300021
  35. Thorpe, R., Masser, B., Coundouris, S. P., Hyde, M. K., Kruse, S. P., & Davison, T. E. (2024). The health impacts of blood donation: a systematic review of donor and non-donor perceptions. Blood Transfusion = Trasfusione Del Sangue, 22(1), 7–19. https://doi.org/10.2450/BloodTransfus.494
  36. Umair, S., Ho, J.-A., Ng, S. S. I., & Basha, N. K. (2023). Moderating Role of Religiosity and the Determinants to Attitude, Willingness to Donate, and Willingness to Communicate Posthumous Organ Donation Decisions among University Students in Pakistan. OMEGA - Journal of Death and Dying, 88(1), 216–244. https://doi.org/10.1177/00302228211045170
  37. Yegen, C., Çeçen, A. F., & İnce, V. (2025). Liver Transplant News and Biases: A Ten-Year Review of Turkish Media. Cyprus Turkish Journal of Psychiatry & Psychology, 7(2), 194–201. https://doi.org/10.35365/ctjpp.25.2.10