Journals / Journal of Medicine and Palliative Care / 2026 / Volume: 6 Issue: 4

The impact of age and sex on clinical symptoms in low and intermediate-low risk pulmonary embolism

Düşük ve orta-düşük riskli pulmoner embolide yaş ve cinsiyetin klinik semptomlara etkisi

Emrah Arı(mamak devlet hastanesi)0000-0003-4006-380X
Maşide Arı(SAĞLIK BİLİMLERİ ÜNİVERSİTESİ, ANKARA ATATÜRK GÖĞÜS HASTALIKLARI VE GÖĞÜS CERRAHİSİ SAĞLIK UYGULAMA VE ARAŞTIRMA MERKEZİ)0000-0002-5078-3176
Pages
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Publication Date
2025-08-31
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AI Summary & Key Takeaways

AI Insight
⚡ TL;DR(Too Long; Didn't Read)

Our study suggests that recognizing these differences during the diagnostic process may help facilitate clinical management by preventing diagnostic delays, particularly in patient groups presenting with atypical symptoms.

📌 3 Key Takeaways

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Objective & Hypothesis:Aims: The diagnostic process of pulmonary thromboembolism (PTE) can be complex due to its wide spectrum of clinical presentations.
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Key Findings & Data:Methods: This retrospective, cross-sectional study was conducted at the Emergency Department of Dışkapı Yıldırım Beyazıt Training and Research Hospital between February 1, 2020, and February 1, 2021.
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Conclusion & Impact:Our study suggests that recognizing these differences during the diagnostic process may help facilitate clinical management by preventing diagnostic delays, particularly in patient groups presenting with atypical symptoms.
🔬Design:Research Article
📍Scope:2020 Verileri
⚙️Variables:Gender · pulmonary embolism · symptoms

Abstract

Aims: The diagnostic process of pulmonary thromboembolism (PTE) can be complex due to its wide spectrum of clinical presentations. The type and frequency of symptoms vary not only with the embolism risk category but also in relation to individual demographic factors such as age and sex. This study aims to evaluate the influence of demographic variables on clinical presentation by investigating the distribution of symptoms according to age and sex in patients with acute PTE classified as low or intermediate-low risk. Methods: This retrospective, cross-sectional study was conducted at the Emergency Department of Dışkapı Yıldırım Beyazıt Training and Research Hospital between February 1, 2020, and February 1, 2021. A total of 329 patients aged 18 years and older who were classified as low or intermediate-low risk according to the 2019 European Society of Cardiology guidelines were included in the study. The patients’ demographic characteristics and clinical symptoms were retrospectively analyzed. Symptom distributions were compared across different age and sex groups. Results: The most frequently reported symptoms among patients were dyspnea (79.3%) and chest pain (53.7%). Leg pain and/ or swelling were significantly more common in younger male patients (26%, p=0.001), while presyncope was more frequently observed in older female patients (27.3%, p=0.001). Hemoptysis was found to be significantly less common in older female patients compared to other groups (8.2%, p=0.012). Conclusion: The symptom profile in PTE varies significantly based on patients’ demographic characteristics. Our study suggests that recognizing these differences during the diagnostic process may help facilitate clinical management by preventing diagnostic delays, particularly in patient groups presenting with atypical symptoms.

Özet

Amaç: Pulmoner tromboemboli (PTE), geniş bir klinik semptom yelpazesiyle seyretmesi nedeniyle tanı süreci karmaşık olabilen bir durumdur. Semptomların türü ve sıklığı yalnızca emboli risk düzeyiyle değil, aynı zamanda yaş ve cinsiyet gibi bireysel demografik faktörlerle de değişkenlik göstermektedir. Bu çalışma, akut PTE tanısı almış ve Avrupa Kardiyoloji Derneği’nin (ESC) 2019 kılavuzuna göre düşük veya orta-düşük risk grubunda yer alan hastalarda, semptomların yaş ve cinsiyete göre dağılımını inceleyerek demografik değişkenlerin klinik prezentasyon üzerindeki etkisini değerlendirmeyi amaçlamaktadır. Yöntem: Bu retrospektif, kesitsel çalışma, 1 Şubat 2020 ile 1 Şubat 2021 tarihleri arasında Dışkapı Yıldırım Beyazıt Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesi Acil Servisi’nde gerçekleştirilmiştir. ESC 2019 kılavuzuna göre düşük veya orta-düşük risk kategorisinde sınıflandırılan, 18 yaş ve üzerindeki toplam 329 hasta çalışmaya dahil edilmiştir. Hastaların demografik özellikleri ve klinik semptomları geriye dönük olarak analiz edilmiştir. Semptom dağılımları farklı yaş ve cinsiyet grupları arasında karşılaştırılmıştır. Bulgular: Hastalarda en sık bildirilen semptomlar nefes darlığı (%79,3) ve göğüs ağrısı (%53,7) olarak saptanmıştır. Bacak ağrısı ve/veya şişliği, genç erkek hastalarda anlamlı düzeyde daha sık görülmüştür (%26, p=0,001). Presenkop ise yaşlı kadın hastalarda daha yüksek oranda gözlenmiştir (%27,3, p=0,001). Hemoptizi, yaşlı kadınlarda diğer gruplara kıyasla anlamlı şekilde daha düşük oranda izlenmiştir (%8,2, p=0,012). Sonuç: PTE’de semptom profili, hastaların demografik özelliklerine göre anlamlı farklılıklar göstermektedir. Bu çalışmanın bulguları, özellikle atipik semptomlarla başvuran hasta gruplarında tanı sürecinde bu farklılıkların dikkate alınmasının, tanı gecikmelerini önleyerek klinik yönetimi kolaylaştırabileceğini göstermektedir.

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Cite This Article

Arı, E., Arı, M. (2025). The impact of age and sex on clinical symptoms in low and intermediate-low risk pulmonary embolism. Journal of Medicine and Palliative Care, Volume: 6 Issue: 4. https://doi.org/10.47582/jompac.1726762

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