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Journals / Journal of Ekonomi / 2026 / Volume: 8 Issue: 1

Carbon intensity and policy uncertainties (EGPU, ESGUI & CPU) in sustainable development for China

Serdar Ongan(Faculty of Economics, University of West Bohemia in Pilsen)0000-0002-0969-4710
İlyas Kays İmamoğlu(BAYBURT ÜNİVERSİTESİ)0000-0002-7732-4148
Buket Aydın(ATATÜRK ÜNİVERSİTESİ)0000-0002-6204-0505
Pages
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Publication Date
2026-07-31
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AI Summary & Key Takeaways

AI Insight
⚡ TL;DR(Too Long; Didn't Read)

The findings reveal that EGPU increases carbon intensity, while CPU, ESGUI, and REN have a decreasing effect.

📌 3 Key Takeaways

🎯
Objective & Hypothesis:Reducing carbon emissions is crucial for achieving sustainable development goals (SDGs).
📊
Key Findings & Data:Fourier ARDL and Fourier Toda-Yamamoto methods are applied with quarterly data for 2015Q1–2023Q4.
💡
Conclusion & Impact:The findings reveal that EGPU increases carbon intensity, while CPU, ESGUI, and REN have a decreasing effect.
🔬Design:Research Article
📍Scope:Comprehensive Sample
⚙️Variables:ESGUI · EGPU · CPU

Abstract

Reducing carbon emissions is crucial for achieving sustainable development goals (SDGs). However, existing literature primarily examines carbon intensity through technical and economic factors, while the influence of policy and governance uncertainties is often overlooked. This research aims to examine the effects of three different uncertainty indicators—climate policy uncertainty (CPU), newly created sustainability uncertainty (ESGUI), and environmental governance policy uncertainty (EGPU) indices —and renewable energy generation (REN) on carbon intensity in the case of China. Fourier ARDL and Fourier Toda-Yamamoto methods are applied with quarterly data for 2015Q1–2023Q4. The findings reveal that EGPU increases carbon intensity, while CPU, ESGUI, and REN have a decreasing effect. The increasing impact of EGPU indicates that environmental policies may be rendered ineffective due to institutional weaknesses and implementation uncertainties. These results show that carbon intensity is directly related not only to energy policies but also to the quality of governance and the nature of policy uncertainties.

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Cite This Article

Ongan, S., İmamoğlu, İ. K., Aydın, B. (2026). Carbon intensity and policy uncertainties (EGPU, ESGUI & CPU) in sustainable development for China. Journal of Ekonomi, Volume: 8 Issue: 1. https://doi.org/10.58251/ekonomi.1971715

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