Journals / Journal of Advances in Manufacturing Engineering / 2025 / Volume: 6 Issue: 2

Non-destructive testing of glass fiber reinforced polypropylene matrix polymeric composites produced by additive manufacturing

Pages
—
Publication Date
2025-12-31
DOI
—
🏛️Bibliographic metadata and full text access for this article are provided via DergiPark.
DergiPark Record ↗
✨

AI Summary & Key Takeaways

AI Insight
⚡ TL;DR(Too Long; Didn't Read)

The discontinuities were detected in NDT controls performed with ultrasonic inspection and thermal imaging and showed that similar discontinuities can be detected with these techniques.

📌 3 Key Takeaways

🎯
Objective & Hypothesis:Material extrusion-based additive manufacturing (MEX) is an innovative method that has become widely used in the production of polymeric materials.
📊
Key Findings & Data:However, due to the nature of MEX, some problems encountered in the production processes cause discontinuities in the parts, which, if not detected, can lead to decreases in the performance of the final products, unsafe conditions and unexpected failures.
💡
Conclusion & Impact:The discontinuities were detected in NDT controls performed with ultrasonic inspection and thermal imaging and showed that similar discontinuities can be detected with these techniques.
🔬Design:Research Article
📍Scope:Comprehensive Sample
⚙️Variables:Nondestructive Testing (NDT) · Material extrusion-based additive manufacturing (MEX) · Polymeric Composites

Abstract

Material extrusion-based additive manufacturing (MEX) is an innovative method that has become widely used in the production of polymeric materials. With this method, final products have started to be produced beyond prototype production. However, due to the nature of MEX, some problems encountered in the production processes cause discontinuities in the parts, which, if not detected, can lead to decreases in the performance of the final products, unsafe conditions and unexpected failures. Non-Destructive Testing (NDT) methods, which have been practiced in the industry for many years, play an important role in detecting these discontinuities. In order to detect discontinuities in thermoplastic composites produced with MEX and to examine the application examples of these methods, samples containing 30 wt% glass fiber with polypropylene matrix were produced in the study. Discontinuities were artificially created in some of the samples and the performance of non-destructive testing methods to detect these discontinuities was measured. The discontinuities were detected in NDT controls performed with ultrasonic inspection and thermal imaging and showed that similar discontinuities can be detected with these techniques.

🔖

Cite This Article

Doğru, A. (2025). Non-destructive testing of glass fiber reinforced polypropylene matrix polymeric composites produced by additive manufacturing. Journal of Advances in Manufacturing Engineering, Volume: 6 Issue: 2. https://ajindex.com/articles/1504986

📄 Full Text PDF Viewer

📄

PDF görüntüleyici hazırlanıyor...

References (27)

  1. Oladele, I. O., Omotosho, T. F., & Adediran, A. A. (2020). Polymer-based composites: An indispensable material for present and future applications. International Journal of Polymer Science, 2020, 1–14. [CrossRef]
  2. Kangishwar, S., Radhika, N., Sheik, A. A., Chavali, A., & Hariharan, S. (2022). A comprehensive review on polymer matrix composites: Material selection, fabrication, and application. Polymer Bulletin, 80, 47–87. [CrossRef]
  3. Rajak, D. K., Pagar, D. D., Menezes, P. L., & Linul, E. (2019). Fiber-reinforced polymer composites: Manufacturing, properties, and applications. Polymers, 11, Article 1667. [CrossRef]
  4. Ahmad, J. (2009). Introduction to polymer composites (pp. 1–35). In Machining of Polymer Composites. Springer. [CrossRef]
  5. Seydibeyoğlu, M. Ö., Doğru, A., Kandemir, M. B., & Aksoy, Ö. (2020). Lightweight composite materials in transport structures (pp. 103–130). In Lightweight Polymer Composite Structures. CRC Press. [CrossRef]
  6. Karuppasamy, A., Rexliene, J., Dhandapani, A., Balaji, V., Praveen, R., Sridhar, J., Krishnasamy, S., Kumar Thiagamani, S. M., & Mutjukumar, C. (2023). Recyclability of lightweight and sustainable materials (pp. 79–96). In Lightweight and Sustainable Composite Materials: Preparation, Properties and Applications. WP Woodhead Publishing. [CrossRef]
  7. Engelmann, S. (2023). Basics of thermoforming and thermoplastics (pp. 5–11). In Advanced Thermoforming: Methods, Machines and Materials, Applications, Automation, Sustainability, and the Circular Economy. John Wiley & Sons. [CrossRef]
  8. Valente, M., Rossitti, I., & Sambucci, M. (2023). Different production processes for thermoplastic composite materials: Sustainability versus mechanical properties and processes parameter. Polymers, 15, Article 242. [CrossRef]
  9. Tarih, Y. S., Coskun, T., Yar, A., Gündoğdu, Ö., & Şahin, Ö. S. (2023). The influences of low-velocity impact loading on the vibration responses of the carbon/glass fiber-reinforced epoxy composites interleaved with various non- woven thermoplastic veils. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 140, Article e53728. [CrossRef]
  10. Akdoğan, A., & Vanlı, A. S. (2020). Natural fiber thermoplastic composites in terms of new production technologies: A review. Pamukkale University Journal of Engineering Sciences, 26, 30–36. [CrossRef]
  11. Muralisrinivasan, N. S. (2024). Polymers (pp. 5–25). In Thermoforming: Processing and Technology. John Wiley & Sons. [CrossRef]
  12. Ilyas, R. A., Sapuan, S. M., Harussani, M. M., Hakimi, M. Y. A. Y., Haziq, M. Z. M., Atikah, M. S. N., Asyraf, M. R. M., Ishak, M. R., Razman, M. R., Nurazzi, N. M., Norrahim, M. N. F., Abral, H., & Asrofi, M. (2021). Polylactic acid (PLA) biocomposite: Processing, additive manufacturing and advanced applications. Polymers, 13, Article 1326. [CrossRef]
  13. Vaidya, U. K., & Chawla, K. K. (2008). Processing of fibre reinforced thermoplastic composites. International Materials Reviews, 53, 185–218. [CrossRef]
  14. Wang, Y., Ding, Y., Yu, K., & Dong, G. (2024). Innovative polymer-based composite materials in additive manufacturing: A review of methods, materials, and applications. Polymer Composites, 45, 15389–15420.[CrossRef]
  15. Zhou, L., Miller, J., Vezza, J., Mayster M, Raffay M, Justice, Q., Al Tamimi, Z., Hansotte, G., Sunkara, L. D., & Bernat, J. (2024). Additive manufacturing: A comprehensive review. Sensors, 24, Article 2668. [CrossRef]
  16. Altıparmak, S. C., Yardley, V. A., Shi, Z., & Lin, J. (2022). Extrusion-based additive manufacturing technologies: State of the art and future perspectives. Journal of Manufacturing Processes, 83, 607–636. [CrossRef]
  17. Oleff, A., Küster, B., Stonis, M., & Overmeyer, L. (2021). Process monitoring for material extrusion additive manufacturing: A state-of-the-art review. Progress in Additive Manufacturing, 6, 705–730. [CrossRef]
  18. Doğru, A., Seydibeyoğlu, M. Ö., & Ayranci, C. (2024). The effect of interface enhancement on the mechanical properties of fibre-reinforced PA6 matrix composites in material extrusion-based additive manufacturing. Progress in Additive Manufacturing, 10, 361–374. [CrossRef]
  19. Xavier, S. F. (2023). Applications (pp. 787–886). In Thermoplastic Polymer Composites: Processing, Properties, Performance, Applications and Recyclability. John Wiley & Sons. [CrossRef]
  20. Fayazbakhsh, K., Honarvar, F., Amini, H., & Varvani-Farahani, A. (2021). High frequency phased array ultrasonic testing of thermoplastic tensile specimens manufactured by fused filament fabrication with embedded defects. Additive Manufacturing, 47, Article 102335. [CrossRef]
  21. Khosravani, M. R., & Reinicke, T. (2020). On the use of X-ray computed tomography in assessment of 3D- printed components. Journal of Nondestructive Evaluation, 39, 1–17. [CrossRef]
  22. Ng, F. L., Tran, T. Q., & Liu, T. (2022). A methodology to develop part acceptance criteria model using non- destructive inspection technique for FDM printed part. Materials Today: Proceedings, 70, 310–316. [CrossRef]
  23. Hernandez-Contreras, A., Ruiz-Huerta, L., Caballero-Ruiz, A., Moock, V., & Siller, H. R. (2020). Extended CT void analysis in FDM additive manufacturing components. Materials, 13, Article 3831. [CrossRef]
  24. Butt, J., Bhaskar, R., & Mohaghegh, V. (2022). Non-destructive and destructive testing to analyse the effects of processing parameters on the tensile and flexural properties of FFF-printed graphene-enhanced PLA. Journal of Composites Science, 6, Article 148. [CrossRef]
  25. Prospector. (2025). XSTRANDTM 3D printing filaments material technical datasheet. UL Prospector. https://www.ulprospector.com/plastics/en/datasheet/404042/xstrand-gf30-pp Accessed on Nov 21, 2025.
  26. Duchene, P., Chaki, S., Ayadi, A., & Krawczak, P. (2018). A review of non-destructive techniques used for mechanical damage assessment in polymer composites. Journal of Materials Science, 53, 7915–7938. [CrossRef]
  27. Yang, H., Yang, L., Yang, Z., Shan, Y., Gu, H., Ma, J., Zeng, X., Tian, T., Ma, S., & Zhanjun, W. (2023). Ultrasonic detection methods for mechanical characterization and damage diagnosis of advanced composite materials: A review. Composite Structures, 324, Article 117554. [CrossRef]