SavedAdd your journal

Journals / Journal of Advances in Manufacturing Engineering / 2025 / Volume: 6 Issue: 2

The modal characteristics of the CFRP, GFRP and hybrid composites exposed to HCI environment and impact loadings

Betül Sozen Coskun(Selçuk Üniversitesi)0000-0002-7011-0948
Taner Coskun(KONYA TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY)0000-0002-4815-9278
Serkan Kapıcı(KONYA TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY)0000-0000-0000-0000
Yavuz Selim Tarih(BINGOL UNIVERSITY)0000-0002-8267-7706
Ömer Şahin(KONYA TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY)0000-0002-0999-7332
Pages
—
Publication Date
2025-12-31
DOI
—
🏛️Bibliographic metadata and full text access for this article are provided via DergiPark.
DergiPark Record ↗
✨

AI Summary & Key Takeaways

AI Insight
⚡ TL;DR(Too Long; Didn't Read)

It was also discovered that no significant changes appeared in the dynamic responses following the corrosive environment exposure and LVI loadings, which was attributed to the composites' substantial impact and corrosion resistance.

📌 3 Key Takeaways

🎯
Objective & Hypothesis:Composite materials can be subjected to low-velocity impact (LVI) loadings at various velocities in their application areas, as well as corrosive environments, causing degradation in the mechanical and dynamic properties.
📊
Key Findings & Data:In this context, the composite specimens were immersed in 10% diluted HCl solution for 1 week and 1 month and then exposed to LVI loadings at 2 and 3 m/s impact velocities.
💡
Conclusion & Impact:It was also discovered that no significant changes appeared in the dynamic responses following the corrosive environment exposure and LVI loadings, which was attributed to the composites' substantial impact and corrosion resistance.
🔬Design:Research Article
📍Scope:Comprehensive Sample
⚙️Variables:Modal Characteristics · Damping Ratio · HCl Environment

Abstract

Composite materials can be subjected to low-velocity impact (LVI) loadings at various velocities in their application areas, as well as corrosive environments, causing degradation in the mechanical and dynamic properties. For that reason, determining the dynamic characteristics of composite materials before and after corrosive environments and LVI loadings is quite important and closely concerns the reliability of the application areas. Therefore, in the current study, Carbon Fiber-Reinforced Polymer (CFRP), Glass Fiber-Reinforced Polymer (GFRP) and Carbon/Glass Fiber-Reinforced Polymer (Hybrid) composites were fabricated utilizing the Vacuum-Assisted Hand-Layup Method (VAHLM) and then exposed to corrosive environments and LVI loadings, respectively. In this context, the composite specimens were immersed in 10% diluted HCl solution for 1 week and 1 month and then exposed to LVI loadings at 2 and 3 m/s impact velocities. After that, vibration tests were conducted for CFRP, GFRP and hybrid composites, and thus the impacts of corrosive environments and LVI loadings, as well as fiber materials, on the modal characteristics were examined experimentally. The study's findings showed that CFRP composites had greater natural frequencies than GFRP ones, which was linked to the carbon fibers' high stiffness. On the other hand, it was determined that hybrid composites had higher damping ratios than the others, which was attributed to enhanced energy absorption caused by the various interface characteristics of carbon/glass fibers. It was also discovered that no significant changes appeared in the dynamic responses following the corrosive environment exposure and LVI loadings, which was attributed to the composites' substantial impact and corrosion resistance.

🔖

Cite This Article

Coskun, B. S., Coskun, T., Kapıcı, S., Tarih, Y. S., Şahin, Ö. (2025). The modal characteristics of the CFRP, GFRP and hybrid composites exposed to HCI environment and impact loadings. Journal of Advances in Manufacturing Engineering, Volume: 6 Issue: 2. https://ajindex.com/articles/1504985

📄 Full Text PDF Viewer

📄

PDF görüntüleyici hazırlanıyor...

References (25)

  1. Fan, W., Li, J. L., Chen, L., Wang, H., Guo, D. D., & Liu, J. X. (2016). Influence of thermo‐oxidative aging on vibration damping characteristics of conventional and graphene‐based carbon fiber fabric composites. Polymer Composites, 37(9), 2871–2883. [CrossRef]
  2. Ramalingam, R., Hemath, M., Rangappa, S. M., Siengchin, S., & Chellapandi, P. S. D. (2022). Aging effects on free vibration and damping characteristics of polymer‐based biocomposites: A review. Polymer Composites, 43(6), 3890–3901. [CrossRef]
  3. Coskun, T., Sozen, B., Kapıcı, S., & Sahin, O. S. (2024). Mechanical and dynamic characteristics for the CFRP, GFRP, and hybrid composites exposed to HCl environment. Journal of Reinforced Plastics and Composites [Epub ahead of pint] doi: 10.1177/07316844241301 [CrossRef]
  4. Doğan, N. F., Oğuz, Z. A., & Erkliğ, A. (2023). An experimental study on the hydrothermal aging effect on the free vibration properties of hybrid aramid/glass/epoxy composites: Comparison of sea water and distilled water. Polymer Composites, 44(10), 6902–6912. [CrossRef]
  5. Senthilrajan, S., & Venkateshwaran, N. (2019). Ageing and its influence on vibration characteristics of jute/polyester composites. Journal of Polymers and the Environment, 27(10), 2144–2155. [CrossRef]
  6. Coskun, T., Sozen, B., & Sahin, O. S. (2024). Dynamic responses and damage/element composition analysis of thermoplastic polyamide reinforced epoxy composites exposed to HCl environment. Polymer Composites, 45(14), 13378–13391. [CrossRef]
  7. Mlyniec, A., Korta, J., Kudelski, R., & Uhl, T. (2014). The influence of the laminate thickness, stacking sequence and thermal aging on the static and dynamic behavior of carbon/epoxy composites. Composite Structures, 118, 208–216. [CrossRef]
  8. Cheour, K., Assarar, M., Scida, D., Ayad, R., & Gong, X. L. (2016). Effect of water ageing on the mechanical and damping properties of flax-fibre reinforced composite materials. Composite Structures, 152, 259–266. [CrossRef]
  9. Tian, W., & Hodgkin, J. (2010). Long‐term aging in a commercial aerospace composite sample: Chemical and physical changes. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 115(5), 2981–2985. [CrossRef]
  10. Xu, X., Zhang, B., Shi, F., Liu, K., Peng, G., Gao, L., Gao, J., & Du, Y. (2025). Study on the influence of hygrothermal aging on the mechanical properties of carbon fabric/polyetheretherketone composites. Polymers, 17(6), Article 724. [CrossRef]
  11. Oğuz, Z. A., Erkliğ, A., & Bozkurt, Ö. Y. (2021). Degradation of hybrid aramid/glass/epoxy composites hydrothermally aged in distilled water. Journal of Composite Materials, 55(15), 2043–2060. [CrossRef]
  12. Oğuz, Z. A., Erkliğ, A., & Bozkurt, Ö. Y. (2021). Effects of hydrothermal seawater aging on the mechanical properties and water absorption of glass/aramid/epoxy hybrid composites. International Polymer Processing, 36(1), 79–93. [CrossRef]
  13. Coskun, T., Yar, A., Demir, O., & Sahin, O. S. (2022). Effects of low-velocity impact on vibration behaviors of polyamide fiber-reinforced composites. Journal of the Brazilian Society of Mechanical Sciences and Engineering, 44(1), Article 13.
  14. Akbaş, Ş. D. (2018). İki malzemeli kompozit bir kirişin serbest ve zorlanmış titreşimlerinin incelenmesi. Politeknik Dergisi, 21(1), 65–73. [CrossRef]
  15. Tarih, Y. S., Coskun, T., Yar, A., Gundogdu, Ö., & Sahin, Ö. S. (2023). The influences of low‐velocity impact loading on the vibration responses of the carbon/glass fiber‐reinforced epoxy composites interleaved with various non‐ woven thermoplastic veils. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 140(15), e53728. [CrossRef]
  16. Çağdaş, İ. U. (2020). The influence of axial compression on the free vibration frequencies of cross-ply laminated and moderately thick cylinders. J Polytehnic, 23(1), 45–52. [CrossRef]
  17. Kösedağ, E., & Ekici, R. (2021). Free vibration analysis of foam-core sandwich structures. Politeknik Dergisi, 24(1), 69–74.
  18. Duan, M., Yue, Z., & Song, Q. (2020). Investigation of damage to thick composite laminates under low-velocity impact and frequency-sweep vibration loading conditions. Advances in Mechanical Engineering, 12(10), 1687814020965042.
  19. Daşdemir, A. (2021). Frequency response of an initially stressed slab made from three compressible materials. J Polytehnic, 24(1), 275282. [Turkish]
  20. Kadioglu, F., Coskun, T., & Elfarra, M. (2018). Investigation of dynamic properties of a polymer matrix composite with different angles of fiber orientations. In IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 369(1), Article 012037.
  21. Srihi, K., Zergoune, Z., Massé, N., Genc, G., & El Hafidi, A. (2022). Modal behavior of post low velocity impact flax/epoxy composite structures. Vibroengineering Procedia, 43, 46–51.
  22. Katunin, A. (2015). Nondestructive damage assessment of composite structures based on wavelet analysis of modal curvatures: State‐of‐the‐art review and description of wavelet‐based damage assessment benchmark. Shock and Vibration, 2015(1), Article 735219.
  23. Kayaaslan, M., Coskun, T., Sahin, O. S., Unlu, U. M., & Kadioglu, F. (2022). Mechanical and dynamic responses of unidirectional/woven carbon fiber reinforced thermoset and thermoplastic composites after low velocity impact. Polymers and Polymer Composites, 30, 111.
  24. Namrata, B., Pai, Y., Nair, V. G., Hegde, N. T., & Pai, D. G. (2024). Analysis of aging effects on the mechanical and vibration properties of quasi-isotropic basalt fiber-reinforced polymer composites. Scientific Reports, 14(1), Article 26730.
  25. Mayya, H. B., Pai, D., Kini, V. M., Pai, Y., & Nair, V. G. (2021). Effect of marine environmental conditions on physical and mechanical properties of fiber-reinforced composites—A review. Journal of the Institution of Engineers (India) Series C, 102, 843–849.