Journals / İzmir Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi / 2026 / Cilt: 8 Sayı: 1

The Effects of Institutional Quality on Economic Growth and Per Capita Income: A CS-ARDL Analysis for G-7 and BRICS-T Countries

Kurumsal Kalitenin Ekonomik Büyüme ve Kişi Başına Gelir Üzerindeki Etkileri: G-7 ve BRICS-T Ülkeleri İçin CS-ARDL Analizi

Hüseyin Yılmaz(SİİRT ÜNİVERSİTESİ)0000-0002-3734-4718
Pages
48–70
Publication Date
2026-08-27
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AI Summary & Key Takeaways

AI Insight
⚡ TL;DR(Too Long; Didn't Read)

The results show that the short-run effects of institutional quality on growth are limited across both country groups.

📌 3 Key Takeaways

🎯
Objective & Hypothesis:This study examines the dynamic effects of institutional quality on short-run economic growth and long-run per capita income in developed (G-7) and emerging (BRICS-T) economies.
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Key Findings & Data:Using a panel dataset spanning 2002–2024, the CS-ARDL estimator -which accounts for cross-sectional dependence and slope heterogeneity- serves as the main analytical tool, while the CS-ECM estimator is employed for robustness checks.
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Conclusion & Impact:The results show that the short-run effects of institutional quality on growth are limited across both country groups.
🔬Design:Modeling & Simulation
📍Scope:2002–2024 Verileri
⚙️Variables:Kurumsal Kalite · Ekonomik Büyüme · CS-ARDL

Abstract

This study examines the dynamic effects of institutional quality on short-run economic growth and long-run per capita income in developed (G-7) and emerging (BRICS-T) economies. Using a panel dataset spanning 2002–2024, the CS-ARDL estimator -which accounts for cross-sectional dependence and slope heterogeneity- serves as the main analytical tool, while the CS-ECM estimator is employed for robustness checks. To avoid the masking and multicollinearity problems associated with composite indices, five institutional quality indicators -government effectiveness, rule of law, political stability, control of corruption, and accountability- are modeled separately, yielding 20 estimations in total. Economic growth and per capita income are used as dependent variables, with inflation rate and trade openness included as controls. The results show that the short-run effects of institutional quality on growth are limited across both country groups. In the G-7, only the rule of law has a statistically significant and unexpectedly negative effect, whereas institutional indicators are generally insignificant in BRICS-T. In the long run, significant error correction mechanisms (ECT) are identified in the rule of law and control of corruption models for the BRICS-T, and in the political stability and accountability models for the G-7. Robustness checks using a composite index produce results that diverge from the baseline models, confirming that institutional structure should be examined through its sub-dimensions rather than as a single aggregate measure. The study also reveals that the macroeconomic impact of institutional quality follows an asymmetric pattern across development stages, indicating that institutional reforms should be tailored to country-specific structural conditions rather than applied through a one size fits all approach. Methodologically, the findings demonstrate that composite indices may conceal the heterogeneous effects of individual institutional indicators, pointing to the need for a disaggregated analytical framework in future research.

Özet

Bu çalışma, kurumsal kalitenin kısa dönemli ekonomik büyüme ve uzun dönemli kişi başı gelir üzerindeki dinamik etkilerini, gelişmiş (G-7) ve gelişmekte olan (BRICS-T) ekonomiler bağlamında karşılaştırmalı olarak incelemektedir. 2002-2024 dönemini kapsayan panel veri seti kullanılarak yatay kesit bağımlılığı ve eğim heterojenliğini dikkate alan CS-ARDL tahmincisi temel analiz aracı olarak, CS-ECM tahmincisi ise sağlamlık kontrolü amacıyla kullanılmıştır. Bileşik endeks yaklaşımının olası maskeleme ve çoklu doğrusal bağlantı sorunlarını önlemek amacıyla hükümet etkinliği, hukukun üstünlüğü, siyasi istikrar, yolsuzluk kontrolü ve hesap verebilirlikten oluşan beş kurumsal kalite göstergesi ayrı ayrı modellenmiş ve toplam 20 farklı tahmin gerçekleştirilmiştir. Ekonomik büyüme ve kişi başı gelir bağımlı değişkenler olarak kullanılırken kontrol değişkenleri olarak enflasyon oranı ve ticari açıklık kullanılmıştır. Ampirik bulgular, kısa dönemde her iki ülke grubunda kurumsal kalite göstergelerinin büyüme üzerindeki etkisinin sınırlı olduğunu göstermektedir. G-7’de yalnızca hukukun üstünlüğü beklenmedik biçimde negatif bir etki sergilerken, BRICS-T’de kurumsal kalite göstergelerinin etkileri istatistiksel olarak anlamsızdır. Uzun dönemde ise BRICS-T’de hukukun üstünlüğü ve yolsuzluk kontrolü modellerinde, G-7’de siyasi istikrar ve hesap verebilirlik modellerinde anlamlı hata düzeltme mekanizmaları (ECT) tespit edilmiştir. Sağlamlık kontrolünde bileşik endeks kullanımının temel modellerden farklı sonuçlar üretmesi kurumsal yapının tek bir bileşik ölçü yerine alt boyutları temelinde incelenmesi gerektiğini göstermiştir. Çalışma, kurumsal kalitenin makroekonomik etkilerinin gelişmişlik evrelerine göre asimetrik bir yapı sergilediğini ortaya koyarak kurumsal reformların tek tip bir yaklaşımla uygulanmak yerine ülkelere özgü yapısal koşullara göre uyarlanması gerektiğini vurgulamaktadır. Ayrıca, bileşik endeks kullanımının kurumsal göstergelerin heterojen etkilerini gizleyebileceğini ortaya koyarak literatüre yöntemsel olarak katkı sunmakta ve gelecekteki araştırmalarda ayrıştırılmış bir analitik çerçevenin kullanılmasını önermektedir.

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Cite This Article

Yılmaz, H. (2026). The Effects of Institutional Quality on Economic Growth and Per Capita Income: A CS-ARDL Analysis for G-7 and BRICS-T Countries. İzmir Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, Cilt: 8 Sayı: 1, 48–70. https://doi.org/10.47899/izsbd.1975058

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