Journals / International Journal of Agriculture Forestry and Life Sciences / 2026 / Volume: 10 Issue: 2

Comparative study of the metabolic composition and antioxidant capacity of eucalyptus species grown in Anatolia

Yüksel Keleş(Mersin Üniversitesi)0000-0001-8651-8385
Fatih Aytar(General Directorate of Forestry, Eastern Mediterranean Forest Research Institute)0000-0002-9899-2217
Pages
—
Publication Date
2026-10-15
🏛️Bibliographic metadata and full text access for this article are provided via DergiPark.
DergiPark Record ↗
✨

AI Summary & Key Takeaways

AI Insight
⚡ TL;DR(Too Long; Didn't Read)

The differences observed in the biochemical composition of Eucalyptus species grown in similar climatic and soil conditions indicate the importance of genetic diversity.

📌 3 Key Takeaways

🎯
Objective & Hypothesis:This study focused on the biochemical composition in dried leaves of six Eucalyptus species and a hybrid cultivated.
📊
Key Findings & Data:Total soluble phenolic contents were determined to vary between 48.5 and 26.7 mg GAE g-1.
💡
Conclusion & Impact:The differences observed in the biochemical composition of Eucalyptus species grown in similar climatic and soil conditions indicate the importance of genetic diversity.
🔬Design:Research Article
📍Scope:Comprehensive Sample
⚙️Variables:Ascorbate · Carotenoid · Flavonoid

Abstract

This study focused on the biochemical composition in dried leaves of six Eucalyptus species and a hybrid cultivated. The species are Eucalyptus camaldulensis, E. globulus, E. tereticornis, E. botryoides, E. grandis, Corymbia citriodora (Syn. E. citriodora) and E. camaldulensis X E. grandis hybrid. Total soluble phenolic contents were determined to vary between 48.5 and 26.7 mg GAE g-1. Both total antioxidant capacity and cupric ion-reducing antioxidant capacity were high in E. botrioides (134.3 mg AAE g-1 and 40.6 mg GAE g-1) While the superoxide generation rate (SGR) was low and H2O2 was high in E. camaldulensis x grandis hybrid with high SOD activity, SGR and H2O2 ratios were found to be close to each other in E. tereticornis species with low SOD activity. The differences observed in the biochemical composition of Eucalyptus species grown in similar climatic and soil conditions indicate the importance of genetic diversity.

🔖

Cite This Article

Keleş, Y., Aytar, F. (2026). Comparative study of the metabolic composition and antioxidant capacity of eucalyptus species grown in Anatolia. International Journal of Agriculture Forestry and Life Sciences, Volume: 10 Issue: 2. https://doi.org/10.66598/ijafls.1998146

📄 Full Text PDF Viewer

📄

PDF görüntüleyici hazırlanıyor...

References (42)

  1. Abu-Jafar. A., Huleihel. M. (2017). Antiviral activity of Eucalyptus camaldulensis leaves ethanolic extract on herpes viruses infection. Int J Clin Virol., 001-009. https://doi.org/10.29328/ journal.ijcv.1001001
  2. Alagoz, S.M., Lajayer, B.A., Ghorbanpour, M. (2023). Proline and soluble carbohydrates biosynthesis and their roles in plants under abiotic stresses, Editor(s): Ghorbanpour M, Shahid MA, Plant Stress Mitigators, Chapter 10, Academic Press, Pages 169-185, ISBN 978-0-323-89871-3, https://doi.org/10.1016/C2020-0-03336-0
  3. Aleksic Sabo, V., Knezevic, P. (2019). Antimicrobial activity of Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehn. plant extracts and essential oils: A review. Indust. Crop. Prod., 132, 413-429. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2019.02.051
  4. Apak, R., Güçlü, K., Ozyurek, M., Kandemir, S.E. (2004). Novel Total Antioxidant Capacity Index for Dietary Polyphenols and Vitamins C and E, Using Their Cupric Ion Reducing Capability in the Presence of Neocuproine: CUPRAC Method. J. Agric. Food Chem., 52, 7970-7981. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf048741x
  5. Ashraf, A., Sarfraz, R.A., Mahmood, A., Din, M. (2015). Chemical composition and in vitro antioxidant and antitumor activities of Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehn. leaves Indust. Crop Prod., 74(15), 241-248 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2015.04.059
  6. Bates, L.S., Walderen, R.D., Taere, I.D. (1973). Rapid determination of free proline for water stress studies. Plant Soil, 39, 205-207. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00018060
  7. Ben Ghnaya, A., Hamrouni, L., Amri, I., Ahoues, H., Hanana, M., Romane, A. (2016). Study of allelopathic effects of Eucalyptus erythrocorys L. crude extracts against germination and seedling growth of weeds and wheat. Nat Prod Res. 30, 2058–2064 https://doi.org/10.1080/14786419.2015.1108973
  8. Beyer, W.F., Fridovich, I. (1987). Assaying for superoxide dismutase activity: some large consequences of minor changes in conditions. Anal. Biochem. 161, 559–566. https://doi.org/10.1016/0003-2697(87)90489-1
  9. Bhuyan, D.J., Vuong, Q.V., Chalmers, A.C., van Altena, I.A., Bowyer, M.C., Scarlett, J. (2016). Investigation of phytochemicals and antioxidant capacity of selected Eucalyptus species using conventional extraction. Chemical Papers, 70(5), 567-575; https://doi.org/10.1515/chempap-2015-0237
  10. Boland, D.J., Brooker, M.I.H., Chippendale, G.M., Hall, N., Hyland, B.P.M., Johnston, R.D., Kleinig, D.A., McDonald, M.W., Turner, J.D. (1984). Forest Trees of Australia: Over 200 of Australia's Most Important Native Trees Described and Illustrated. ISBN 13: 9780170062640 p. XVI+687.
  11. Celeiro, M., Lamas, J.P., Arcas, R., Lores, M. (2019). Antioxidants Profiling of By-Products from Eucalyptus Greenboards Manufacture. Antioxidants, 8, 263 https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox8080263 Chamali, S., Bouajila, J., Camy, S., Saadaoui, E., Daoud, H.B., Condoret, J.S., Romdhane, M. (2026). Phytochemical Profile and In Vitro Bioactivities of Supercritical Extracts from Various Organs (Leaves, Fruits, Buds, and Stems) of Eucalyptus. Chemistry Africa 9, 84. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42250-026-01611-1
  12. Cha-um, S., Somsueb, S., Samphumphuang, T., Kirdmanee, C. (2013). Salt tolerant screening in eucalypt genotypes (Eucalyptus spp.) using photosynthetic abilities, proline accumulation, and growth characteristics as effective indices. In Vitro Cell.Dev.Biol.-Plant 49, 611–619. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11627-013-9537-5
  13. Chen, Y-M., Lucas, P.W., Wellburn, A.R. (1991). Relationship between foliar injury and changes in antioxidant levels in red and Norway spruce exposed to acid mists. Environ Pollut, 69, 1-5 https://doi.org/10.1016/0269-7491(91)90159-T
  14. Conde, E., Cadahía, E. and García-Vallejo, M.C. (1997). Low molecular weight polyphenols in leaves of Eucalyptus camaldulensis, E. globulus and E. rudis. Phytochem. Anal., 8: 186-193. https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099-1565(199707)8:4 3.0.CO;2-7
  15. Datt, B. (1998). Remote sensing of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, chlorophyll a+b, and total carotenoid content in Eucalyptus leaves. Remote Sens. Environ., 66: 111–121 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0034-4257(98)00046-7
  16. Dempsey, R.W., Merchant, A., Tausz, M. (2012). Differences in ascorbate and glutathione levels as indicators of resistance and susceptibility in Eucalyptus trees infected with Phytophthora cinnamomi Tree Physiology, 32, 1148–1160 https://doi.org/10.1093/treephys/tps076
  17. Edreva, A. (2005). Generation and scavenging of reactive oxygen species in chloroplasts: a submolecular approach. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, 106, 119-133, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2004.10.022
  18. Elansary, H.O., Salem, M.Z.M., Ashmawy, N.A., Yessoufou, K., El-Settawy, A.A.A. (2017). In vitro antibacterial, antifungal, and antioxidant activities of Eucalyptus spp. leaf extracts related to phenolic composition. Nat Prod Res. 31, 2927–2930 https://doi.org/10.1080/14786419.2017.1303698
  19. Ferraris, L., Gentile, I. A., & Matta, A. (1987). Variations of phenols concentration as a consequence of stresses that induce resistance to Fusarium wilt of tomato / Veränderungen der Phenolkonzentration als Folge von Streß-Situationen, die Resistenz gegen Fusarium-Welke in Tomaten induzieren. Zeitschrift Für Pflanzenkrankheiten Und Pflanzenschutz / Journal of Plant Diseases and Protection, 94(6), 624–629. http://www.jstor.org/stable/43385627
  20. González, A., Moenne, F., Gómez, M., Sáez, C.A., Contreras, R.A., Moenne, A. (2014). Oligo-carrageenan kappa increases NADPH, ascorbate, and glutathione synthesis and TRR/TRX activities enhancing photosynthesis, basal metabolism, and growth in Eucalyptus trees. Front. Plant Sci., Vol. 5, Article 512. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2014.00512
  21. Gossett, D.R., Millhollon, E.P., Lucas, M.C. (1994). Antioxidant Response to NaCl Stress in Salt-Tolerant and Salt-Sensitive Cultivars of Cotton. Crop Science, 34, 706-714. https://doi.org/10.2135/cropsci1994.0011183X003400030020x
  22. Halhoul, M.N., Kleinberg, I. (1972). Differential determination of glucose and fructose-yielding substances with anthrone. Anal Biochem. 50, 337-343. https://doi.org/10.1016/0003-2697(72)90042-5
  23. Hakiman, M., Maziah, M. (2009). Non-enzymatic and enzymatic antioxidant activities in aqueous extract of different Ficus deltoidea accessions. J Med. Plant. Res. 3(3), 120-131. https://doi.org/10.5897/JMPR.9000931
  24. Hung, W.J., Chen, Z.T., Lee, S.W. (2018). Antioxidant and lipoxygenase inhibitöry activity of the kino of Eucalyptus citriodora. Indian J Pharm. Sci., 80(5), 955-959. https://doi.org/10.4172/pharmaceutical-sciences.1000444
  25. Keles, Y., Oncel, I. (2002). Response of antioxidative defense system to temperature and water stress combinations in wheat seedlings. Plant Science 163 (4), 783-790 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0168-9452(02)00213-3
  26. Keles, Y., Öncel, I. (2004). Growth and solute composition in two wheat species experiencing combined influence of stress conditions. Russian J Plant Physiol, 51(2), 203–208. https://doi.org/10.1023/B:RUPP.0000019215.20500.6e
  27. Lima, L., Miranda, I., Knapic, S., Quilhó, T., Pereira, H. (2018). Chemical and anatomical characterization, and antioxidant properties of barks from 11 Eucalyptus species. Eur. J. Wood Prod. 76: 783–792 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00107-017-1247-y
  28. Limam, H., Ezzine, Y., Tammar, S., Ksibi, N., Selmi, S., Del Re, G., Ksouri, R. and Msaada, K. (2021). Phenolic composition and antioxidant activities of thirteen Eucalyptus species cultivated in North East of Tunisia, Plant Biosystems, 155:3, 587-597, https://doi.org/10.1080/11263504.2020.1762791
  29. Moore, T.C. (1974). Thin-layer chromatography of chloroplast pigments and determination of pigment absorption spectra. In: Research Experiences in Plant Physiology. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-96168-7_5
  30. Pekal, A., Pyrzynska, K. (2014). Evaluation of aluminium complexation reaction for flavonoid content assay. Food Anal. Methods 7, 1776–1782. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12161-014-9814-x
  31. Porra, R.J., Thompson, R.A., Kriedemann, P.E. (1989). Determination of accurate extinction coefficients and simultaneous equations for assaying chlorophylls a and b extracted with four different solvent verification of the concentration of chlorophyll standards by atomic absorption spectroscopy. Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 975, 384-394 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0005-2728(89)80347-0
  32. Prieto, P., Pineda, M., Aguilar, M. (1999). Spectrophotometric quantitation of antioxidant capacity through the formation of a phosphomolybdenum complex: Specific application to the determination of vitamin E. Anal. Biochem. 269 (2), 337-341. https://doi.org/10.1006/abio.1999.4019
  33. Salem, M.Z., Ashmawy, N.A., Elansary, H.O., El-Settawy, A.A. (2015). Chemotyping of diverse Eucalyptus species grown in Egypt and antioxidant and antibacterial activities of its respective essential oils. Nat Prod Res. 29, 681–685. https://doi.org/10.1080/14786419.2014.981539
  34. Santos, S. A. O., Villaverde, J. J., Freire, C. S. R., Domingues, M. R. M., Neto, C. P., & Silvestre, A. J. D. (2012). Phenolic composition and antioxidant activity of Eucalyptus grandis, E. urograndis (E. grandis × E. urophylla) and E. maidenii bark extracts. Industrial Crop. Prod., 39, 120–127. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2012.02.003.
  35. Schöner, S., Heinrich Krause, G. (1990). Protective systems against active oxygen species in spinach: response to cold acclimation in excess light. Planta 180, 383–389. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00198790
  36. Shvaleva, A.L., Costa, F., Sılva, E., Breıa, E., Jouve, L., Hausman, F., Almeıda, M.H., Maroco. J.P., Rodrıgues, M.L., Pereıra, J.S., Chaves, M.M. (2006). Metabolic responses to water deficit in two Eucalyptus globulus clones with contrasting drought sensitivity. Tree Physiol. 26(2), 239–248. https://doi.org/10.1093/treephys/26.2.239
  37. Sahin Basak, S., Candan, F. (2010). Chemical composition and In vitro antioxidant and antidiabetic activities of Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehnh. essential oil. JICS 7, 216–226. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03245882
  38. Teixeira, F.K., Menezes-Benavente, L., Galvão, V.C., Margis-Pinheiro, M. (2005). Multigene families encode the major enzymes of antioxidant metabolism in Eucalyptus grandis L. Genetics Mol. Biol., 28, 3 (suppl), 529-538. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1415-47572005000400007
  39. Tian, J., Jiang, F., Wu, Z. (2015). The apoplastic oxidative burst as a key factor of hyperhydricity in garlic plantlet in vitro. Plant Cell Tiss Organ Cult 120, 571-584. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11240-014-0623-0
  40. Turan, M., Mammadov, R. (2018). Antioxidant, antimicrobial, cytotoxic, larvicidal, and anthelmintic activities and phenolic contents of Cyclamen alpinum. Pharmacology and Pharmacy, 9, 100-116. https://doi.org/10.4236/pp.2018.94008
  41. Wilcox, M. D. (1997). A Catalogue of the Eucalypts. Auckland, Groome Pöyry Ltd, 114, p., New Zealand. ISBN 10 0473040166, https://nla.gov.au/nla.cat-vn1443557
  42. Boland, D.J., Brooker, M.I.H., Chippendale, G.M., Hall, N., Hyland, B.P.M., Johnston, R.D., Kleinig, D.A., McDonald, M.W., Turner, J.D. (1984). Forest Trees of Australia: Over 200 of Australia's Most Important Native Trees Described and Illustrated. ISBN 13: 9780170062640 p. XVI+687.