Journals / Herkes için Spor ve Rekreasyon Dergisi / 2026 / Volume: 8 Issue: 3

The Heterogeneous Nature of the Relative Age Effect: The Role of Sport, Developmental Stage, and Selection Context

Göreli Yaş Etkisinin Heterojen Yapısı: Spor Türü, Gelişim Dönemi ve Seçim Bağlamının Rolü

Mehmet Gunay(GAZİ ÜNİVERSİTESİ, SPOR BİLİMLERİ FAKÜLTESİ)0000-0003-0047-2203
Bilal Demırhan(KYRGYZ - TURKISH MANAS UNIVERSITY, SCHOOL OF PHYSICAL EDUCATION AND SPORTS)0000-0002-3063-9863
Ayca Genc(BARTIN ÜNİVERSİTESİ, SPOR BİLİMLERİ FAKÜLTESİ, ANTRENÖRLÜK EĞİTİMİ BÖLÜMÜ)0000-0003-2498-7092
Gökhan Recep Aydın(BARTIN ÜNİVERSİTESİ, SPOR BİLİMLERİ FAKÜLTESİ, ANTRENÖRLÜK EĞİTİMİ BÖLÜMÜ)0000-0001-8755-226X
Pages
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Publication Date
2026-09-30
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AI Summary & Key Takeaways

AI Insight
⚡ TL;DR(Too Long; Didn't Read)

The findings indicate that the relative age effect is widely observed in sports contexts; however, the magnitude of the effect varies depending on sport type, age category, level of biological maturation, and the structure of selection systems.

📌 3 Key Takeaways

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Objective & Hypothesis:This systematic review aims to comprehensively examine the reflections of the Relative Age Effect (RAE) on athletic performance, athlete selection, and developmental advantage in child and adolescent athletes within the framework of sport type, developmental stage, and selection context.
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Key Findings & Data:The study was designed in accordance with the PRISMA 2020 guidelines, and studies published between 2019 and 2025 were systematically reviewed.
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Conclusion & Impact:The findings indicate that the relative age effect is widely observed in sports contexts; however, the magnitude of the effect varies depending on sport type, age category, level of biological maturation, and the structure of selection systems.
🔬Design:Review & Systematic Survey
📍Scope:2020 Verileri
⚙️Variables:Athletic performance · relative age effect · biological maturation

Abstract

This systematic review aims to comprehensively examine the reflections of the Relative Age Effect (RAE) on athletic performance, athlete selection, and developmental advantage in child and adolescent athletes within the framework of sport type, developmental stage, and selection context. The study was designed in accordance with the PRISMA 2020 guidelines, and studies published between 2019 and 2025 were systematically reviewed. Following the title and abstract screening, 40 studies were evaluated, and after full-text assessment, 30 studies meeting the inclusion criteria were included in the analysis. The majority of the reviewed studies employed a cross-sectional design and involved athletes aged between 3 and 18 years. The findings indicate that the relative age effect is widely observed in sports contexts; however, the magnitude of the effect varies depending on sport type, age category, level of biological maturation, and the structure of selection systems. In particular, athletes born in the first quarter of the year exhibit higher representation and success rates in team sports requiring high levels of physical contact and strength, as well as in selective developmental stages. Conversely, the effect appears to be more limited in some sports characterised by open participation policies or a greater emphasis on technical skills. It is also observed that RAE is more pronounced in early childhood in terms of motor skills and physical fitness parameters; however, structured intervention programs may mitigate this inequality. In conclusion, the relative age effect is a multidimensional phenomenon that should be considered in athlete selection and development processes. The adoption of biological mat-uration-based approaches, flexible age categories, and multidimensional evaluation systems by sports federations and clubs is of critical importance in reducing potential talent loss.

Özet

Bu sistematik derlemenin amacı, Göreli Yaş Etkisinin (Relative Age Effect; RAE) çocuk ve ergen sporcularda sportif performans, sporcu seçimi ve gelişimsel avantaj üzerindeki yansımalarını; spor türü, gelişim dönemi ve seçim bağlamı çerçevesinde kapsamlı bir şekilde incelemektir. Çalışma, PRISMA 2020 yönergelerine uygun olarak tasarlanmış ve 2019–2025 yılları arasında yayımlanan çalışmalar sistematik olarak incelenmiştir. Başlık ve özet taramasının ardından 40 çalışma değerlendirmeye alınmış; tam metin incelemesi sonucunda dahil edilme kriterlerini karşılayan 30 çalışma analize dahil edilmiştir. İncelenen çalışmaların büyük çoğunluğunun kesitsel araştırma desenine sahip olduğu ve 3–18 yaş aralığındaki sporcuları kapsadığı belirlenmiştir. Bulgular, göreli yaş etkisinin spor ortamlarında yaygın olarak gözlendiğini; ancak bu etkinin büyüklüğünün spor türüne, yaş kategorisine, biyolojik olgunlaşma düzeyine ve sporcu seçim sistemlerinin yapısına bağlı olarak farklılık gösterdiğini ortaya koymaktadır. Özellikle yılın ilk çeyreğinde doğan sporcuların, yüksek düzeyde fiziksel temas ve kuvvet gerektiren takım sporlarında ve seçici gelişim aşamalarında daha yüksek temsil ve başarı oranlarına sahip oldukları görülmektedir. Buna karşılık, katılım politikalarının daha açık olduğu veya teknik becerilerin daha fazla ön plana çıktığı bazı spor dallarında göreli yaş etkisinin daha sınırlı olduğu anlaşılmaktadır. Ayrıca RAE'nin erken çocukluk döneminde motor beceriler ve fiziksel uygunluk parametreleri açısından daha belirgin olduğu; ancak yapılandırılmış müdahale programlarının bu eşitsizliğin azaltılmasına katkı sağlayabileceği görülmektedir. Sonuç olarak, göreli yaş etkisi, sporcu seçimi ve gelişim süreçlerinde dikkate alınması gereken çok boyutlu bir olgudur. Spor federasyonları ve kulüpler tarafından biyolojik olgunlaşmayı temel alan yaklaşımların, esnek yaş kategorilerinin ve çok boyutlu değerlendirme sistemlerinin benimsenmesi, olası yetenek kayıplarının azaltılması açısından kritik önem taşımaktadır.

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Cite This Article

Gürcan, H. H., Gunay, M., Demırhan, B., Genc, A., Aydın, G. R. (2026). The Heterogeneous Nature of the Relative Age Effect: The Role of Sport, Developmental Stage, and Selection Context. Herkes için Spor ve Rekreasyon Dergisi, Volume: 8 Issue: 3. https://doi.org/10.56639/jsar.2021989

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