Journals / Eurasian Journal of English Language and Literature / 2026 / Volume: 8 Issue: 1

Bibliometric Analysis of Learner Boredom Research in English Language Teaching: 1981–2025

Pages
—
Publication Date
2026-06-30
DOI
—
🏛️Bibliographic metadata and full text access for this article are provided via DergiPark.
DergiPark Record ↗
✨

AI Summary & Key Takeaways

AI Insight
⚡ TL;DR(Too Long; Didn't Read)

The results demonstrate a steady annual increase of 4.42% in studies within the field, reaching a peak specifically in 2024-2025.

📌 3 Key Takeaways

🎯
Objective & Hypothesis:This study aims to comprehensively analyze learner boredom research in English Language Teaching (ELT) conducted between 1981 and 2025.
📊
Key Findings & Data:A total of 804 documents obtained from the Web of Science Core Collection database were analyzed using the Bibliometrix R-package.
💡
Conclusion & Impact:The results demonstrate a steady annual increase of 4.42% in studies within the field, reaching a peak specifically in 2024-2025.
🔬Design:Research Article
📍Scope:2025 Verileri
⚙️Variables:boredom · English language teaching · bibliometric analysis

Abstract

This study aims to comprehensively analyze learner boredom research in English Language Teaching (ELT) conducted between 1981 and 2025. The research is designed to highlight the critical role of boredom in the language learning process and to reveal publication trends, influential studies, and thematic shifts in the literature using a bibliometric approach. A total of 804 documents obtained from the Web of Science Core Collection database were analyzed using the Bibliometrix R-package. Scientific production trends, citation patterns, and keyword evolution were examined through classic bibliometric methods such as Bradford's and Lotka's laws. The results demonstrate a steady annual increase of 4.42% in studies within the field, reaching a peak specifically in 2024-2025. While Kruk and Pawlak emerge as the most prolific authors, it was observed that the focus of research has shifted from general motivational structures toward more specific themes such as willingness to communicate and self-regulation. The research indicates that boredom is now recognized as a dynamic obstacle in language learning rather than an overlooked emotion. These findings offer significant practical implications for curriculum designers and teachers regarding the development of strategies to cope with boredom in digital and hybrid environments.

🔖

Cite This Article

Demiray, K. K. (2026). Bibliometric Analysis of Learner Boredom Research in English Language Teaching: 1981–2025. Eurasian Journal of English Language and Literature, Volume: 8 Issue: 1. https://ajindex.com/articles/1482024

📄 Full Text PDF Viewer

📄

PDF görüntüleyici hazırlanıyor...

References (47)

  1. Ali El Deen A.A.M.M. (2023) Students' boredom in English language classes: Voices from Saudi Arabia. Front. Psychol. 14:1108372. https://doi.org 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1108372
  2. Aria, M., & Cuccurullo, C. (2017). Bibliometrix: An r-tool for comprehensive science mapping analysis. Journal of Informetrics, 11, 959-975. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joi.2017.08.007
  3. Artino, A. R., & Jones, K. D. (2012). Exploring the complex relations between achievement emotions and self-regulated learning behaviors in online learning. The Internet and Higher Education, 15(3), 170–175. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iheduc.2012.01.006
  4. Aubrey, S. (2017). Measuring flow in the EFL classroom: Learners’ perceptions of inter- and intra-cultural task-based interactions. Tesol Quarterly, 51(3), 661–692. https://doi.org/10.1002/tesq.387
  5. Bensalem, E., Derakhshan, A., Alenazi, F. H., Thompson, A. S., & Harizi, R. (2024). Modeling the contribution of grit, enjoyment, and boredom to predict English as a foreign language students’ willingness to communicate in a blended learning environment. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 132(1), 144-168. https://doi.org/10.1177/00315125241289192
  6. Coşkun, A. (2023). Perception of boredom in young learners’ English language classes. EDUCATIONE, 2(2), 196-217. https://doi.org/10.58650/educatione.1331880
  7. Coskun, A., & Yüksel, Y. (2021). Examining English as a foreign language students’ boredom in terms of different variables. Acuity: Journal of English Language Pedagogy, Literature and Culture, 7(1), 19–36.
  8. D'Mello, S., & Graesser, A. (2012). Dynamics of affective states during complex learning. Learning and Instruction, 22(2), 145–157. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.learninstruc.2011.10.001
  9. Derakhshan A., Kruk, M.,Mehdizadeh, M.,&Pawlak, M.(2021). Boredom in online classes in the Iranian EFL context: Sources and solutions. System, 101, 102556.
  10. Dewaele, J. M., & Li, C. C. (2021). Teacher enthusiasm and students’ social-behavioral learning engagement: The mediating role of student enjoyment and boredom in Chinese efl classes. Language Teaching Research, 25, 922-945. https://doi.org/10.1177/13621688211014538
  11. Dewaele, J. M., & MacIntyre, P. D. (2014). The two faces of Janus? Anxiety and enjoyment in the foreign language classroom. Studies in Second Language Learning and Teaching, 4(2), 237-274. https://doi.org/ 10.14746/ssllt.2014.4.2.5
  12. Dewaele, J. M., MacIntyre, P. D., Boudreau, C., & Dewaele, L. (2016). Do girls have all the fun? Anxiety and enjoyment in the foreign language classroom. Theory and Practice of Second Language Acquisition, 2(1), 41-63.
  13. Ding, L., & Wang, Y. (2024). Unveiling Chinese EFL students’ academic burnout and its prediction by anxiety, boredom, and hopelessness: a latent growth curve modeling. Innovation in Language Learning and Teaching, 1–17. https://doi.org/10.1080/17501229.2024.2407811
  14. Donthu, N., Kumar, S., Mukherjee, D., Pandey, N., & Lim, W.M. (2021). How to conduct a bibliometric analysis: An overview and guidelines. Journal of Business Research, 133, 285–296. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2021.04.070
  15. Fallah, N., Gaskaree, B. L., & Moghaddam, S. Z. (2024). Teacher enthusiasm and EFL learners’ willingness to communicate: The role of enjoyment and boredom. English Teaching & Learning, 1-22. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42321-024-00190-z
  16. Frenzel, A. C., Pekrun, R., & Goetz, T. (2007). Perceived learning environment and students' emotional experiences: A multilevel analysis of mathematics classrooms. Learning and Instruction, 17(5), 478–493. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.learninstruc.2007.09.001
  17. Goetz, T., & Hall, N. C. (2014). Academic boredom. In R. Pekrun & L. Linnenbrink-Garcia (Eds.), International handbook of emotions in education (pp.311-330). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.1177/13621688211064944 Krashen, S. (1982). Principles and practice in second language acquisition. Prentice-Hall International.
  18. Kruk, M. (2022). Dynamicity of perceived willingness to communicate, motivation, boredom and anxiety in second life: The case of two advanced learners of English. Computer Assisted Language Learning, 35(1-2), 190–216. https://doi.org/10.1080/09588221.2019.1677722
  19. Kruk, M., & Zawodniak, J. (2020). A comparative study of the experience of boredom in the L2 and L3 classroom. English Teaching & Learning, 44, 417–437. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42321-020-00056-0
  20. Kruk, M., Pawlak, M., Elahi Shirvan, M., & Shahnama, M. (2022). The emergence of boredom in an online language class: An ecological perspective. System, 107, 102803. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.system.2022.102803
  21. Kruk, M., Zawodniak, J. (2018). Boredom in practical English language classes: Insights from interview data. In L. Szymański, J. Zawodniak, A. Łobodziec, & M. Smoluk (Eds.), Interdisciplinary views on the English language, literature and culture (pp. 177-191). Uniwersytet Zielonogórski.
  22. Larson, R. W., & Richards, M. H. (1991). Boredom in the middle school years: Blaming schools versus blaming students. American Journal of Education, 99(4), 418–443. https://doi.org/10.1086/443992
  23. Li, C. (2021). A control-value theory approach to boredom in English classes among university students in China. The Modern Language Journal, 105, 317–334. https://doi.org/10.1111/modl.12693
  24. Li, C., & Dewaele, J. M. (2020). The predictive effects of trait emotional intelligence and online learning achievement perceptions on foreign language class boredom among Chinese university students. Foreign Languages and Foreign Language Teaching, 5, 33-44.
  25. Li, C., & Wei, L. (2023). Anxiety, enjoyment, and boredom in language learning amongst junior secondary students in rural China: How do they contribute to L2 achievement? Studies in Second Language Acquisition, 45(1), 93–108. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0272263122000031
  26. Li, C., Dewaele, J. & Hu, Y. (2023). Foreign language learning boredom: Conceptualization and measurement. Applied Linguistics Review, 14(2), 223-249. https://doi.org/10.1515/applirev-2020-0124
  27. Li, C., Feng, E., Zhao, X., & Dewaele, J.-M. (2024). Foreign language learning boredom: Refining its measurement and determining its role in language learning. Studies in Second Language Acquisition, 46(3), 893–920. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0272263124000366
  28. Li, C., Huang, J., & Li, B. (2021). The predictive effects of classroom environment and trait emotional intelligence on foreign language enjoyment and anxiety. System, 96, 102393. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.system.2020.102393
  29. Loderer, K.,Pekrun,R.,&Lester, J.C.(2020). Beyond cold technology: A systematic review and meta-analysis on emotions in technology-based learning environments. Learning and Instruction, 70, 101162. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.learninstruc.2018.08.002
  30. Mousavian Rad S. E., Roohani A., Mirzaei A. (2022). Developing and validating precursors of students’ boredom in EFL classes: An exploratory sequential mixed-methods study. Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development, 45(8), 3010–3027. https://doi.org/10.1080/01434632.2022.2082448
  31. Nakamura, S., Darasawang, P., & Reinders, H. (2021). The antecedents of boredom in L2 classroom learning. System, 98, 102469. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.system.2021.102469
  32. Pawlak, M., Derakhshan, A., Mehdizadeh, M., & Kruk, M. (2021). Boredom in online English language classes: Mediating variables and coping strategies. Language Teaching Research, 29(2),1-26.
  33. Pawlak, M., Kruk, M., Zawodniak, J., & Pasikowski, S. (2020). Investigating factors responsible for boredom in English classes: The case of advanced learners. System, 92, 102259. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.system.2020.102259
  34. Pekrun, R. (2006). The control-value theory of achievement emotions: Assumptions, corollaries, and implications for educational research and practice. Educational Psychology Review, 18(4), 315-341. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10648-006-9029-9
  35. Pekrun, R., & Goetz, T. (2024). How universal are academic emotions? A control-value theory perspective. In G. Hagenauer, R. Lazarides, & H. Järvenoja (Eds.), Motivation and emotion in learning and teaching across educational contexts: Theoretical and methodological perspectives and empirical insights (pp. 85-99). Routledge.
  36. Pekrun, R., Goetz, T., Frenzel, A. C., Barchfeld, P., & Perry, R. P. (2011). Measuring emotions in students’ learning and performance: The Achievement Emotions Questionnaire (AEQ). Contemporary Educational Psychology, 36(1), 36–48. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cedpsych.2010.10.002
  37. Pekrun, R., Goetz, T., Titz, W., & Perry, R. P. (2002). Academic emotions in students' self-regulated learning and achievement: A program of qualitative and quantitative research. Educational Psychologist, 37(2), 91–105. https://doi.org/10.1207/S15326985EP3702_4
  38. Sakai, H., & Kikuchi, K. (2009). An analysis of demotivators in the EFL classroom. System, 37(1), 57–69. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.system.2008.09.005
  39. Schwartze, M. M., Frenzel, A. C., Goetz, T., Marx, A. K. G., Reck, C., Pekrun, R., & Fiedler, D. (2020). Excessive boredom among adolescents: A comparison between low and high achievers. PLoS ONE, 15(11),1-12. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0241671
  40. Serenko, A., & Bontis, N. (2013). Global ranking of knowledge management and intellectual capital academic journals: 2013 update. Journal of Knowledge Management, 17(2), 307–326. https://doi.org/10.1108/13673271311315231
  41. Teimouri, Y. (2018). Differential roles of shame and guilt in L2 learning: how bad is bad? The Modern Language Journal, 102(4), 632–652. https://doi.org/10.1111/modl.l2511
  42. Xie J. (2021). The effects of boredom on EFL learners' engagement. Frontiers in psychology, 12, 743313. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.743313
  43. Xu, K., & Wang, J. (2023). Exploring the relationships between EFL learners’ foreign language classroom boredom, foreign language classroom learning engagement and learning achievement. English Language Teaching,16(12),58-67. https://doi.org/10.5539/elt.v16n12p58
  44. Yazdanmehr, E., Elahi Shirvan, M., & Saghafi, K. (2021). A process tracing study of the dynamic patterns of boredom in an online L3 course of German during COVID-19 pandemic. The Modern Language Journal, 54(3), 714–739. https://doi.org/10.1111/flan.12548
  45. Yetkin, R. & Özer-Altınkaya, Z. (2025). Exploring the antecedents, manifestations and coping strategies of boredom in the language classroom: A dynamic perspective. British Educational Research Journal, 51, 259–279. https://doi.org/10.1002/berj.4075
  46. Zupic, I., & Čater, T. (2015). Bibliometric methods in management and organization. Organizational Research Methods, 18(3), 429–472. https://doi.org/10.1177/1094428114562629
  47. Li, C., & Dewaele, J. M. (2020). The predictive effects of trait emotional intelligence and online learning achievement perceptions on foreign language class boredom among Chinese university students. Foreign Languages and Foreign Language Teaching, 5, 33-44.