SavedAdd your journal

Journals / Disiplinlerarası Eğitim Araştırmaları Dergisi / 2026 / Cilt: 9 Sayı: 21

Sustainable OSH Training for Safety Culture in Construction Industry: The Case of Izmir Province

İnşaat Sektöründe Güvenlik Kültürü İçin Sürdürülebilir İSG Eğitimi: İzmir İli Örneği

Sinan Vural(ÇANAKKALE ONSEKİZ MART ÜNİVERSİTESİ)0009-0008-4395-269X
Orkun Dalyan(ÇANAKKALE ONSEKİZ MART ÜNİVERSİTESİ, LİSANSÜSTÜ EĞİTİM ENSTİTÜSÜ)0000-0003-4791-9084
Ömer Faruk Öztürk(ÇANAKKALE ONSEKİZ MART ÜNİVERSİTESİ)0000-0002-9244-6805
Mehmet Pişkin(Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Vocational School of Technical Sciences, Çanakkale, Turkey)0000-0002-4572-4905
Pages
367–381
Publication Date
2025-08-31
🏛️Bibliographic metadata and full text access for this article are provided via DergiPark.
DergiPark Record ↗
✨

AI Summary & Key Takeaways

AI Insight
⚡ TL;DR(Too Long; Didn't Read)

These findings underscore the critical importance of implementing sustainable and targeted OHS training initiatives to enhance safety awareness, close risk perception gaps, and foster a positive safety culture within the construction industry.

📌 3 Key Takeaways

🎯
Objective & Hypothesis:Sustainable occupational health and safety training aims to reduce risks and establish a safety culture with a continuous and holistic learning approach.
📊
Key Findings & Data:A face-to-face survey was administered to 200 technical personnel working on 20 residential construction projects in Izmir, Turkey.
💡
Conclusion & Impact:These findings underscore the critical importance of implementing sustainable and targeted OHS training initiatives to enhance safety awareness, close risk perception gaps, and foster a positive safety culture within the construction industry.
🔬Design:Survey & Empirical Study
📍Scope:Comprehensive Sample
⚙️Variables:inşaat sektörü · çalışan refahı · İSG kültürü

Abstract

Sustainable occupational health and safety training aims to reduce risks and establish a safety culture with a continuous and holistic learning approach. For this purpose, a pilot study was conducted in this research to determine the impact of construction sector employees on safety culture. Through this study, the Safety Culture Assessment Scale was developed, and its psychometric properties were validated. A face-to-face survey was administered to 200 technical personnel working on 20 residential construction projects in Izmir, Turkey. Utilizing the responses from these participants, the factor structure of the scale was derived through exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis. Then, the reliability of the scale measured by Cronbach's alpha was evaluated together with factorial validity and criterion-related validity. The collected data were analyzed using correlation analyses, Independent Samples t-tests, and one-way Analysis of Variance to examine the relationships between demographic variables and the five basic safety culture factors. To determine the linear relationships between demographic variables and safety culture factors, correlation analyses revealed significant relationships among the five factors of the Safety Culture Assessment Scale. In particular, strong positive correlations (ranging from r = 0.581 to 0.718, all p < 0.001) were identified between management commitment, OHS training and communication, worker participation and awareness, and OHS reporting. These findings underscore the critical importance of implementing sustainable and targeted OHS training initiatives to enhance safety awareness, close risk perception gaps, and foster a positive safety culture within the construction industry.

Özet

Sürdürülebilir iş sağlığı ve güvenliği eğitimi, sürekli ve bütünsel bir öğrenme yaklaşımıyla riskleri azaltmayı ve bir güvenlik kültürü oluşturmayı amaçlamaktadır. Bu amaçla, bu araştırmada inşaat sektörü çalışanlarının güvenlik kültürü üzerindeki etkisini belirlemek için bir pilot çalışma yürütülmüştür. Bu çalışma aracılığıyla Güvenlik Kültürü Değerlendirme Ölçeği geliştirilmiş ve psikometrik özellikleri doğrulanmıştır. Türkiye, İzmir'de 20 konut inşaat projesinde çalışan 200 teknik personele yüz yüze anket uygulanmıştır. Bu katılımcıların yanıtlarından yararlanılarak, ölçeğin faktör yapısı keşfedici faktör analizi ve doğrulayıcı faktör analizi yoluyla türetilmiştir. Daha sonra, Cronbach'ın alfa ile ölçülen ölçeğin güvenilirliği, faktöriyel geçerlilik ve ölçüt ilişkili geçerlilikle birlikte değerlendirilmiştir. Toplanan veriler, demografik değişkenler ile beş temel güvenlik kültürü faktörü arasındaki ilişkileri incelemek için korelasyon analizleri, Bağımsız Örneklem t-testleri ve Tek Yönlü Varyans Analizi kullanılarak analiz edilmiştir. Demografik değişkenler ile güvenlik kültürü faktörleri arasındaki doğrusal ilişkileri belirlemek için korelasyon analizleri, Güvenlik Kültürü Değerlendirme Ölçeği'nin beş faktörü arasında anlamlı ilişkiler ortaya koymuştur. Özellikle, yönetim taahhüdü, İSG eğitimi ve iletişimi, çalışan katılımı ve farkındalığı ve İSG raporlaması arasında güçlü pozitif korelasyonlar (r = 0,581 ile 0,718 arasında değişen, hepsi p < 0,001) tespit edildi. Bu bulgular, inşaat sektöründe güvenlik farkındalığını artırmak, risk algısı boşluklarını kapatmak ve olumlu bir güvenlik kültürü oluşturmak için sürdürülebilir ve hedefli İSG eğitim girişimlerinin uygulanmasının kritik önemini vurgulamaktadır.

🔖

Cite This Article

Vural, S., Dalyan, O., Öztürk, Ö. F., Pişkin, M. (2025). Sustainable OSH Training for Safety Culture in Construction Industry: The Case of Izmir Province. Disiplinlerarası Eğitim Araştırmaları Dergisi, Cilt: 9 Sayı: 21, 367–381. https://doi.org/10.57135/jier.1675024

📄 Full Text PDF Viewer

📄

PDF görüntüleyici hazırlanıyor...

References (72)

  1. Acar, P., Kıyak, M., & Sine, B. (2014). The relationship between organizational culture and mobbing: An application on construction companies. Journal of Workplace Behavioral Health, 29(4), 281–298. https://doi.org/10.1080/15555240.2014.956929.
  2. Acheampong, A., Adjei, E. K., Adade-Boateng, A., Acheamfour, V. K., Afful, A. E., & Boateng, E. (2024). Impact of construction workers informal safety communication (CWISC) on safety performance on construction sites. Engineering Construction & Architectural Management. https://doi.org/10.1108/ecam-09-2023-0906.
  3. Akbiyikli, R., Uğur, L. O., Ateş, A., Dikmen, S. Ü., & Akbiyikli, B. (2019). Safety Culture in Turkish Construction Sector: the Case of Small and Medium Sized Enterprises (SMES) in Sakarya and Kocael Counties in Marmara Region- Turkey. https://open.icm.edu.pl/handle/123456789/17078
  4. Alkilani, S. Z., Jupp, J., & Sawhney, A. (2013). Issues of construction health and safety in developing countries: a case of Jordan. Construction Economics and Building, 13(3), 141-156. https://doi.org/10.5130/AJCEB.v13i3.3301
  5. Bautista-Bernal, I., Quintana-García, C., & Marchante-Lara, M. (2024). Safety culture, safety performance, and financial performance: A longitudinal study. Safety Science, 172, 106409. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssci.2023.106409
  6. Berglund, L., Johansson, J., Johansson, M., Nygren, M., & Stenberg, M. (2023). Exploring safety culture research in the construction industry. Work, 76(2), 549–560. https://doi.org/10.3233/WOR-220214
  7. Cheung, C. M., & Zhang, R. P. (2020). How organizational support can cultivate a multilevel safety climate in the construction industry. Journal of Management in Engineering, 36(3). https://doi.org/10.1061/(asce)me.1943-5479.0000758
  8. Chi, S., & Han, S. (2013). Analyses of systems theory for construction accident prevention with specific reference to OSHA accident reports. International Journal of Project Management, 31(7), 1027–1041. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijproman.2012.12.004
  9. Christian, M. S., Bradley, J. C., Wallace, J. C., & Burke, M. J. (2009). Workplace safety: A meta-analysis of the roles of person and situation factors. Journal of Applied Psychology, 94(5), 1103–1127. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0016172
  10. Choi, S. D., & Carlson, K. (2014). Occupational safety issues in residential construction surveyed in Wisconsin, United States. Industrial Health, 52(6), 541–547. https://doi.org/10.2486/indhealth.2014-0008
  11. Choi, B., Ahn, S., & Lee, S. (2017). Construction workers’ group norms and personal standards regarding safety Behavior: Social Identity Theory Perspective. Journal of Management in Engineering, 33(4). https://doi.org/10.1061/(asce)me.1943-5479.0000511
  12. Choudhry, R. M., Fang, D., & Mohamed, S. (2007). The nature of safety culture: A survey of the state-of-the-art. Safety Science, 45(10), 993–1012. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssci.2006.09.003
  13. Choudhry, R. M., Fang, D., & Lingard, H. (2009). Measuring safety climate of a construction company. Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, 135(9), 890–899. https://doi.org/10.1061/(asce)co.1943-7862.0000063
  14. Cooper, D. (1998). Improving safety culture: A practical guide. John Wiley & Sons LTD.
  15. Cooper, M. D. (2000). Towards a model of safety culture. Safety Science, 36(2), 111–136. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0925-7535(00)00035-7
  16. Costello, A. B., & Osborne, J. W. (2005). Best practices in exploratory factor analysis: Four recommendations for getting the most from your analysis. Practical Assessment, 10(7), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.7275/jyj1-4868
  17. Curcuruto, M., Conchie, S. M., & Griffin, M. A. (2019). Safety citizenship behavior (SCB) in the workplace: A stable construct? Analysis of psychometric invariance across four European countries. Accident Analysis & Prevention, 129, 190–201. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aap.2019.05.023
  18. Dalyan, O., & Pişkin, M. (2020). The impact of near miss notices on occupational accidents at workplaces: A study from construction. Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University Journal of Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences, 6(1), 133–143. https://doi.org/10.28979/comufbed.609675
  19. Dalyan, O., Canpolat, E., & Pişkin, M. (2021). Effects of occupational health and safety training on the perception of hazard. International Journal of Advances in Engineering and Pure Sciences, 33(4), 670–676. https://doi.org/10.7240/jeps.949112
  20. Dalyan, O., Dalyan, H., Öztürk, Ö. F., & Pişkin, M. (2023). Investigation of the effect of occupational health and safety training provided by distance education system on employee satisfaction. International Journal of Advances in Engineering and Pure Sciences, 35(2), 219–225. https://doi.org/10.7240/jeps.1233247
  21. Dalyan, O., Dalyan, H., Ünal, E., & Pişkin, M. (2022). Comparison of classic and alternative measurement-evaluation system in occupational health and safety trainings given to employees. Journal of Labour Relations, 1, 114–129. Demirbilek, T., & Çakır, Ö. (2008). Individual and organizational variables affecting the use of personal protective equipment. Dokuz Eylül University Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences Journal, 23(2), 173–191. DeVellis, R. F. (2016). Scale development: Theory and applications. SAGE Publications.
  22. Durgut, M. 2019. Research on occupational safety culture between construction sector employees [Master’s thesis, Gazi University], Council of Higher Education, Thesis Center Repository. https://tez.yok.gov.tr/UlusalTezMerkezi/ Fang, D., Wu, C., & Wu, H. (2015). Impact of the supervisor on worker safety behavior in construction projects. Journal of Management in Engineering, 31(6). https://doi.org/10.1061/(asce)me.1943-5479.0000355
  23. Fritz, A., Scherndl, T., & Kühberger, A. (2013). A comprehensive review of reporting practices in psychological journals: Are effect sizes enough? Theory & Psychology, 23(1), 98–122. https://doi.org/10.1177/095935431243687 Fuller, T., Hasan, A., & Kamardeen, I. (2021). A systematic review of factors influencing the implementation of health promotion programs in the construction industry. Engineering Construction & Architectural Management, 29(6), 2554–2573. https://doi.org/10.1108/ecam-03-2021-0257 Gao, R., Chan, A., Utama, W., & Zahoor, H. (2016). Multilevel safety climate and Safety performance in the construction industry: development and validation of a Top-Down Mechanism. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 13(11), 1100. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph13111100
  24. Geldart, S., Smith, C. A., Shannon, H. S., & Lohfeld, L. (2010). Organizational practices and workplace health and safety: A cross-sectional study in manufacturing companies. Safety Science, 48(5), 562–569. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssci.2010.01.004
  25. Goh, Y. M., & Sa’adon, N. F. B. (2015). Cognitive factors Influencing safety Behavior at Height: A multimethod exploratory study. Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, 141(6). https://doi.org/10.1061/(asce)co.1943-7862.0000972
  26. Guo, B. H. W., Yiu, T. W., & González, V. A. (2016). Predicting safety behavior in the construction industry: Development and test of an integrative model. Safety Science, 84, 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssci.2015.11.020
  27. Hair, J. F., Jr., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J., & Anderson, R. E. (2019). Multivariate data analysis. Cengage Learning.
  28. Han, S., Saba, F., Lee, S., Mohamed, Y., & Peña-Mora, F. (2013). Toward an understanding of the impact of production pressure on safety performance in construction operations. Accident Analysis & Prevention, 68, 106–116. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aap.2013.10.007
  29. Han, Y., Jin, R., Wood, H., & Yang, T. (2019). Investigation of demographic factors in construction employees’ safety perceptions. KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering, 23(7), 2815–2828. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12205-019-2044-4
  30. Harris, C. R., & Jenkins, M. (2006). Gender differences in risk assessment: Why do women take fewer risks than men? Judgment and Decision Making, 1(1), 48–63. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1930297500000346
  31. Hasanzadeh, S., Esmaeili, B., & Dodd, M. D. (2016). Measuring construction workers’ Real-Time situation awareness using mobile Eye-Tracking. Construction Research Congress 2022. https://doi.org/10.1061/9780784479827.288
  32. Haslam, R. A., Hide, S. A., Gibb, A. G. F., Gyi, D. E., Pavitt, T., Atkinson, S., & Duff, A. R. (2005). Contributing factors in construction accidents. Applied Ergonomics, 36(4), 401–415. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apergo.2004.12.002
  33. Hinze, J., & Wilson, G. (2000). Moving toward a zero injury objective. Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, 126(5), 399–403. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9364(2000)126:5(399)
  34. Hinze, J., Thurman, S., & Wehle, A. (2012). Leading indicators of construction safety performance. Safety Science, 51(1), 23–28. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssci.2012.05.016
  35. Jaafar, M. H., Arifin, K., Aiyub, K., Razman, M. R., Ishak, M. I. S., & Samsurijan, M. S. (2017). Occupational safety and health management in the construction industry: A review. International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics, 24(4), 493–506. https://doi.org/10.1080/10803548.2017.1366129
  36. Khan, Y. A., Davis, A. L., & Taylor, J. A. (2017). Ladders and lifting: How gender affects safety behaviors in the fire service. Journal of Workplace Behavioral Health, 32(3), 206–225. https://doi.org/10.1080/15555240.2017.1358642
  37. Lari, M. (2024). A longitudinal study on the impact of occupational health and safety practices on employee productivity. Safety Science, 170, 106374. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssci.2023.106374
  38. Laukkanen, T. (1999). Construction work and education: Occupational health and safety reviewed. Construction Management and Economics, 17(1), 53–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/014461999371826
  39. Liao, P. C., Liu, B., Wang, Y., Wang, X., & Ganbat, T. (2017). Work paradigm as a moderator between cognitive factors and behaviors – A comparison of mechanical and rebar workers. KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering, 21(7), 2514–2525. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12205-017-0091-2
  40. Lingard, H. (2002). The effect of first aid training on Australian construction workers' occupational health and safety motivation and risk control behavior. Journal of Safety Research, 33(2), 209–230. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0022-4375(02)00013-0
  41. Lingard, H., & Rowlinson, S. (2004). Occupational health and safety in construction project management. In Routledge eBooks. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203507919
  42. Lingard, H. C., Cooke, T., & Blismas, N. (2010). Safety climate in conditions of construction subcontracting: a multi‐level analysis. Construction Management and Economics, 28(8), 813–825. https://doi.org/10.1080/01446190903480035
  43. Lingard, H. C., Cooke, T., & Blismas, N. (2012). Designing for construction workers’ occupational health and safety: a case study of socio-material complexity. Construction Management and Economics, 30(5), 367–382. https://doi.org/10.1080/01446193.2012.667569
  44. Lornudd, C., Frykman, M., Stenfors, T., Ebbevi, D., Hasson, H., Sundberg, C. J., & Thiele Schwarz, U. von. (2021). A champagne tower of influence: An interview study of how corporate boards enact occupational health and safety. Safety Science, 143, 105416. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssci.2021.105416
  45. Mohamed, S. (2002). Safety climate in construction site environments. Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, 128(5), 375–384. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9364(2002)128:5(375)
  46. Mohammadi, A., Tavakolan, M., & Khosravi, Y. (2018). Factors influencing safety performance on construction projects: A review. Safety Science, 109, 382–397. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssci.2018.06.017
  47. Neal, A., Griffin, M. A., & Hart, P. M. (2000). The impact of organizational climate on safety climate and individual behavior. Safety Science, 34(1–3), 99–109. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0925-7535(00)00008-4
  48. Neal, A., & Griffin, M. A. (2006). A study of the lagged relationships among safety climate, safety motivation, safety behavior, and accidents at the individual and group levels. Journal of Applied Psychology, 91(4), 946–953. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.91.4.946
  49. Önalan, M. 2020. Occupational health and safety culture in construction sector employees [Master’s thesis, Üsküdar University], Council of Higher Education, Thesis Center Repository. https://tez.yok.gov.tr/UlusalTezMerkezi/
  50. Planek, T. W., Sinelnikov, S., Thomas, J., Kolosh, K., & Porretta, K. (2014). Letter from the Editors. Journal of Safety Research, 49, 1. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsr.2014.02.001
  51. Reiman, T., & Rollenhagen, C. (2013). Does the concept of safety culture help or hinder systems thinking in safety? Accident Analysis & Prevention, 68, 5–15. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aap.2013.10.033
  52. Reason, J. (1997). Managing the risks of organizational accidents. Ashgate.
  53. Rindfleisch, A., Malter, A. J., Ganesan, S., & Moorman, C. (2008). Cross-sectional versus longitudinal survey research: Concepts, findings, and guidelines. Journal of Marketing Research, 45(3), 261–279. https://doi.org/10.1509/jmkr.45.3.261
  54. Shaikh, A. Y., Osei‐Kyei, R., & Hardie, M. (2020). A critical analysis of safety performance indicators in construction. International Journal of Building Pathology and Adaptation, 39(3), 547–580. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJBPA-03-2020-0018
  55. Tabachnick, G. B., & Fidell, L. S. (2019). Using multivariate statistics. Pearson.
  56. Taber, K. S. (2017). The use of Cronbach’s alpha when developing and reporting research instruments in science education. Research in Science Education, 48(6), 1273–1296. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11165-016-9602-2
  57. Teo, E. A. L., & Ling, F. Y. Y. (2006). Developing a model to measure the effectiveness of safety management systems of construction sites. Building and Environment, 41(11), 1584–1592. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2005.06.005
  58. Thompson, N., & Doran, C. M. (2024). Supervisor relationships, peer support and mental health stressors in the Australian building and construction industry. Journal of Workplace Behavioral Health, 40(1), 46–64. https://doi.org/10.1080/15555240.2024.2315139
  59. Tongco, M. D. C. (2007). Purposive sampling as a tool for informant selection. Ethnobotany Research and Applications, 5, 147–158. Retrieved February 22, 2025, from https://ethnobotanyjournal.org/index.php/era/article/view/126
  60. Toole, T. M. (2002). Construction site safety roles. Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, 128(3), 203–210. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9364(2002)128:3(203)
  61. Vinodkumar, M., & Bhasi, M. (2010). Safety management practices and safety behaviour: Assessing the mediating role of safety knowledge and motivation. Accident Analysis & Prevention, 42(6), 2082–2093. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aap.2010.06.021
  62. Wang, D., Mao, W., Zhao, C., Wang, F., & Hu, Y. (2023). The cross-level effect of team safety-specific transformational leadership on workplace safety behavior: The serial mediating role of team safety climate and team safety motivation. Journal of Safety Research, 87, 285–296. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsr.2023.05.001
  63. Yıldız, S., & Yılmaz, M. (2017). Investigation of safety culture level among Turkish construction sector employees and its relation with safety performance. Journal of Polytechnic, 20(1), 137–149. Yorio, P. L., Willmer, D. R., & Moore, S. M. (2014). Health and safety management systems through a multilevel and strategic management perspective: Theoretical and empirical considerations. Safety Science, 72, 221–228. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssci.2014.09.011
  64. Zhang, P., Teizer, J., Lee, J. K., Eastman, C. M., & Venugopal, M. (2015). Building Information Modeling (BIM) and Safety: Automatic Safety Checking of Construction Models and Schedules. Automation in Construction, 29, 183–195. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.autcon.2012.05.006
  65. Zohar, D. (1980). Safety climate in industrial organisations: Theoretical and applied implications. Journal of Applied Psychology, 65(1), 96‐102. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.65.1.96
  66. Zohar, D. (2010). Thirty years of safety climate research: Reflections and future directions. Accident Analysis & Prevention, 42(5), 1517–1522. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aap.2009.12.019
  67. Zohar, D., & Polachek, T. (2013). Discourse-based intervention for modifying supervisory communication as leverage for safety climate and performance improvement: A randomized field study. Journal of Applied Psychology, 99(1), 113–124. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0034096
  68. Zhou, Z., Goh, Y. M., & Li, Q. (2015). Overview and analysis of safety management studies in the construction industry. Safety Science, 72, 337–350. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssci.2014.04.006
  69. Zou, P. X. W., Zhang, G., & Wang, J. (2007). Understanding the key risks in construction projects in China. International Journal of Project Management, 25(6), 601–614. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijproman.2007.03.001
  70. Dalyan, O., Dalyan, H., Ünal, E., & Pişkin, M. (2022). Comparison of classic and alternative measurement-evaluation system in occupational health and safety trainings given to employees. Journal of Labour Relations, 1, 114–129.
  71. Demirbilek, T., & Çakır, Ö. (2008). Individual and organizational variables affecting the use of personal protective equipment. Dokuz Eylül University Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences Journal, 23(2), 173–191.
  72. Yıldız, S., & Yılmaz, M. (2017). Investigation of safety culture level among Turkish construction sector employees and its relation with safety performance. Journal of Polytechnic, 20(1), 137–149.