Journals / Connectist: Istanbul University Journal of Communication Sciences / 2021 / Sayı: 61

Reading Representations of Black Women in the Films Hidden Figures, Harriet, and The Best of Enemies, through the Views of Bell Hooks and Stuart Hall

Gizli Sayılar, Harriet ve Düşmanların En İyisi Filmlerinde Bell Hooks ve Stuart Hall’un Görüşleriyle Siyahi Kadın Temsillerinin Okunması

Gül Yaşartürk(AKDENİZ ÜNİVERSİTESİ)0000-0002-3316-9828
Pages
279–307
Publication Date
2021-12-31
🏛️Bibliographic metadata and full text access for this article are provided via DergiPark.
DergiPark Record ↗
✨

AI Summary & Key Takeaways

AI Insight
⚡ TL;DR(Too Long; Didn't Read)

The paper also discusses whether the films resort to stereotyping in order to naturalize and maintain the difference in these representations and argues that all three films suggest that racial difference is a constructed and unfixed content, and that the films, except The Best of Enemies, question black women stereotypes, establishing a perspective and mechanism, that allows the audience to identify with these female characters.

📌 3 Key Takeaways

🎯
Objective & Hypothesis:Griffith’s film The Birth of a Nation (1915), black women representations in Hollywood films have been confined to the stereotypes of slavery and that of the Civil War period.
📊
Key Findings & Data:The study analyzed the films Hidden Figures (Theodore Melfi, 2016), Harriet (Kasi Lemmons, 2019), and The Best of Enemies (Robin Bissel, 2019) to understand such representative problems and question the continuity of established stereotypes in relation to black female characters and their subject position.
💡
Conclusion & Impact:The paper also discusses whether the films resort to stereotyping in order to naturalize and maintain the difference in these representations and argues that all three films suggest that racial difference is a constructed and unfixed content, and that the films, except The Best of Enemies, question black women stereotypes, establishing a perspective and mechanism, that allows the audience to identify with these female characters.
🔬Design:Araştırma Makalesi
📍Scope:2016 Verileri
⚙️Variables:Siyahi kadın karakterler · temsil · ırksal fark

Abstract

Starting with D.W. Griffith’s film The Birth of a Nation (1915), black women representations in Hollywood films have been confined to the stereotypes of slavery and that of the Civil War period. While black male characters’ subject position allows identification, their female counterparts are often represented by repetitive stereotypes that lack variety. The study analyzed the films Hidden Figures (Theodore Melfi, 2016), Harriet (Kasi Lemmons, 2019), and The Best of Enemies (Robin Bissel, 2019) to understand such representative problems and question the continuity of established stereotypes in relation to black female characters and their subject position. The aforementioned films of the post-2010 mainstream Hollywood cinema depict the lives of black female figures fighting for black women’s rights, along with their experiences and real events. They were examined using the representational approach that Stuart Hall established through the concepts of “construction of difference” and “stereotyping,” as well as Bell Hooks’ views in The Oppositional Gaze: Black Female Spectators about the absence of black women who have a desire and an active mind as a subject in cinema. The paper also discusses whether the films resort to stereotyping in order to naturalize and maintain the difference in these representations and argues that all three films suggest that racial difference is a constructed and unfixed content, and that the films, except The Best of Enemies, question black women stereotypes, establishing a perspective and mechanism, that allows the audience to identify with these female characters.

Özet

Hollywood sinemasında siyahi kadın temsilleri D.W Griffith’in Bir Ulusun Doğuşu filminden buyana, kölelik ve iç savaş dönemine ait stereotipleri sürdürmekte ve meşrulaştırmaktadır. Siyahi erkek karakterlerin özdeşleşme imkânı sunan özne konumunda yer almasına karşın; kadın karakterler; genellikle çeşitlilikten yoksun, tekrar eden klişelerle temsil edilirler. Çalışma kapsamında Gizli Sayılar (Theodore Melfi 2016), Harriet (Kasi Lemmons 2019) ve Düşmanların En İyisi (Robin Bissel 2019) adlı filmler temsil sorunsalı bağlamında; siyahi kadın karakterlere dair yerleşik stereotiplerin devamlılığının ve kadın karakterlerin özne konumunun sorgulanması amacıyla incelenmiştir. 2010 sonrası ana akım Hollywood sinemasına ait, siyahi kadınların hakları için mücadele veren siyahi kadın figürlerin hayatlarını konu edinen ve yaşanmış deneyimlerine, gerçek olaylara yer veren adı geçen filmlerin incelenmesinde, Bell Hooks’un Karşıt Bakış: Siyahi Kadın İzleyiciler adlı çalışmasında söz ettiği, sinemada arzulayan, aktif bakışa sahip siyahi kadının özne olarak yokluğuna dair görüşleriyle birlikte Stuart Hall’un farkın inşası ve klişeleştirme kavramlarıyla oluşturduğu temsil yaklaşımı kullanılmıştır. Filmlerin siyahi kadın karakter temsillerinde farkı doğallaştırmak ve sabitlemek için klişeleştirmeye başvurup vurmadıkları tartışılmıştır. Filmlerin üçünün ırksal farklılığın inşa edilen ve sabit olmayan bir içerik olduğunu ortaya koyduklarını, Düşmanların En İyisi dışındaki filmlerin siyahi kadınlara dair stereotipleri sorguladıklarını ve kadın karakterle özdeşleşmeye olanak sağlayan bir bakış ve özdeşleşme mekanizması kurduklarını söylemek mümkündür. .

🔖

Cite This Article

Yaşartürk, G. (2021). Reading Representations of Black Women in the Films Hidden Figures, Harriet, and The Best of Enemies, through the Views of Bell Hooks and Stuart Hall. Connectist: Istanbul University Journal of Communication Sciences, Sayı: 61, 279–307. https://doi.org/10.26650/CONNECTIST2021-804279

📄 Full Text PDF Viewer

📄

PDF görüntüleyici hazırlanıyor...

References (25)

  1. Anderson, A. (2019). The Black Women in “Joker” Have Something to Say. Retrieved from https://medium.com/@ashanticreates/the-black-women-in-joker-have-something-to-say-8f22277f7831
  2. Brody, R (2019). The Best of Enemies, Reviewed: A Tale of Interracial Friendship Only Slightly Less Offensive Than Green Book. Retrieved from https://www.newyorker.com/culture/the-front-row/the-best-of-enemies-reviewed-a-tale-of-interracial-friendship-only-slightly-less-offensive-than-green-book
  3. Davis, A. (1994). Kadınlar Irk ve Sınıf (İ. Çeliker, Trans.) İstanbul: Sosyalist Yayınlar
  4. Doane, M. A. (1988). Remembering women: psychical and historical constructions in film theory, Continuum: Journal of Media & Cultural Studies, 1(2), 3-14.
  5. Donovan, J. (2014). Feminist Teori (A. Bora, M. Ağduk Gevrek Trans.). Fevziye Sayılan. İstanbul: İletişim Yayınları Fiske, J. (2003). İletişim Çalışmalarına Giriş (S. İrvan, Trans.). Ankara: Bilim ve Sanat Yayınları
  6. Gammage, M. M. (2015). Representations of Black Women in the Media The Damnation of Black Womanhood New York & London: Routledge
  7. Hall, S. (2017). Temsil (İ. Dündar, Trans.). İstanbul: Pinhan Yayınları
  8. Hall, S.(1990). Cultural İdentity and Diaspora. in J. Rutherford (Eds.) Identity: Community, Culture, Difference. (pp. 222-237) London: Lawrence & Wishart.
  9. Hooks, B. (1992). Black Looks Race and Representation Boston: South End Press.
  10. Ito, R. (2019). Harriet tubman facts and myths: how the movie tried to get it right. Retrieved from https://www.nytimes.com/2019/10/23/movies/harriet-tubman-facts.html
  11. July, B. (2019). In joker, black women are visible but they are not seen. Retrieved from https://time.com/5696670/joker-movie-black-women-characters/
  12. Jumoke, A. H. (2016). The Representation of African American Women in Hollywood Films (MA Thesis, Eastern Mediterranean University, Communication and Media Studies, Gazimağusa, KKTC). Retrieved from http://i-rep.emu.edu.tr:8080/xmlui/handle/11129/3587
  13. Kellner, D. (2013). Sinema Savaşları (G. Koca, Trans.). İstanbul: Metis Yayınları
  14. Kırel, S. (2010). Kültürel Çalışmalar ve Sinema İstanbul: Kırmızı Kedi Yayınları
  15. Manatu, N. (2003). African American Women and Sexuality in Cinema Jefferson, North Carolina, and London: McFarland & Company
  16. Missouri, M. A. (2015). Black Magic Woman and Narrative Film: Race, Sex and Afro-Religiosity New York: Palgrave Macmillan
  17. Mulvey, L. (1997). Görsel haz ve anlatı sineması (N. Abisel, Trans.). 25. Kare, 21, 38-46.
  18. Obenson, T. (2019). The best of enemies is latest proof hollywood needs a better approach to stories about the civil rights era. Retrieved from https://www.indiewire.com/2019/04/the-best-of-enemies-taraji-p-henson-sam-rockwell-racism-1202056673/
  19. Oğuz, H. (2019). Siyahi Mücadele Bağlamında Angela Davis’in Hayatı ve Kuramı Arasındaki Bağ (MA Thesis, Ankara University, Institute of Social Sciences, Ankara, Turkey)
  20. Ryan, M. & Kellner, D. (2010). Politik Kamera (E. Özsayar, Trans.). İstanbul: Ayrıntı Yayınları
  21. Solly, M. (2019). The true story behind the harriet tubman movie. Retrieved from https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smithsonian-institution/true-story-harriet-tubman-movie-180973413/
  22. Sözen, F. M. (2008). Anlatıcı kavramı, sinematografide anlatıcı tipolojisi. Selçuk İletişim 5(2), 167-182. Thaggert, M. (1998). Divided images: black female spectatorship and john stahl's imitation of life. African American Review, 32 (3), 481-491.
  23. Terry, B. (2018). The Power of a Stereotype: American Depictions of the Black Woman in Film Media (MA Thesis, Program in Sociology, Loyola University Chicago, USA). Retrieved from https://ecommons.luc.edu/luc_theses/3709/?
  24. Williams, H. V. (2020). The angry black woman ‘it girl’. Retrieved from https://medium.com/@hettie.williams/the-angry-black-woman-it-girl-a5cc784afe8f
  25. Sözen, F. M. (2008). Anlatıcı kavramı, sinematografide anlatıcı tipolojisi. Selçuk İletişim 5(2), 167-182.