Journals / Aydın Dental Journal / 2026 / Cilt: 12 Sayı: 2

Temporomandibular Joint Arthrocentesis: Application Techniques, Intra-Articular Agents, and the Current Role of Dextrose Prolotherapy: A Narrative Review

Temporomandibular Eklem Artrosentezi: Uygulama Teknikleri, İntraartiküler Ajanlar ve Dekstroz Proloterapisinin Güncel Rolü: Narratif Derleme

Halil İbrahim Durmuş(ADIYAMAN ÜNİVERSİTESİ, DİŞ HEKİMLİĞİ FAKÜLTESİ)0000-0003-4762-4788
Kağan Fatih Kuşan(ADIYAMAN ÜNİVERSİTESİ, DİŞ HEKİMLİĞİ FAKÜLTESİ)0009-0007-0080-8703
Pages
133–145
Publication Date
2026-08-29
DOI
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AI Summary & Key Takeaways

AI Insight
⚡ TL;DR(Too Long; Didn't Read)

The aim of this review is to evaluate the techniques and intraarticular agents used in TMJ arthrocentesis, and to highlight the current role and clinical efficacy of dextrose prolotherapy in particular.

📌 3 Key Takeaways

🎯
Objective & Hypothesis:Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) arthrocentesis is a minimally invasive treatment method used to reduce pain and increase mandibular range of motion, particularly in cases of internal derangement such as irreducible disc displacement and closed lock.
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Key Findings & Data:Today, arthrocentesis is considered an important treatment step between conservative and surgical interventions and offers high clinical success rates with appropriate patient selection.
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Conclusion & Impact:The aim of this review is to evaluate the techniques and intraarticular agents used in TMJ arthrocentesis, and to highlight the current role and clinical efficacy of dextrose prolotherapy in particular.
🔬Design:Review & Systematic Survey
📍Scope:Comprehensive Sample
⚙️Variables:Artrosentez · Dekstroz proloterapisi · Hiyalüronik asit

Abstract

Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) arthrocentesis is a minimally invasive treatment method used to reduce pain and increase mandibular range of motion, particularly in cases of internal derangement such as irreducible disc displacement and closed lock. First described by Nitzan et al., this technique works by removing intra-articular inflammatory mediators, reducing intra-articular pressure, and mechanically dissolving adhesions. Today, arthrocentesis is considered an important treatment step between conservative and surgical interventions and offers high clinical success rates with appropriate patient selection. Arthrocentesis can be performed using double-puncture and single-puncture techniques. The double-puncture technique allows for more effective irrigation of the joint space, while single-puncture techniques are preferred more in recent years due to their less invasive nature and improved patient comfort. However, the current literature has not demonstrated a clear superiority between the techniques, and clinical outcomes are reported to be largely related to the degree of intra-articular pathology and the surgeon's experience. Intraarticular agent applications after arthrocentesis are frequently used to improve treatment efficacy. Hyaluronic acid, corticosteroids, and autologous biological products have been widely investigated. In recent years, dextrose prolotherapy has attracted attention due to its regenerative effects. Dextrose is reported to increase fibroblast activation and collagen synthesis by creating a controlled inflammatory response, thus contributing to joint stability. The aim of this review is to evaluate the techniques and intraarticular agents used in TMJ arthrocentesis, and to highlight the current role and clinical efficacy of dextrose prolotherapy in particular.

Özet

Temporomandibular eklem (TME) artrosentezi, özellikle redüksiyonsuz disk deplasmanı ve kapalı kilit gibi internal derangement olgularında ağrının azaltılması ve mandibular hareket açıklığının artırılması amacıyla kullanılan minimal invaziv bir tedavi yöntemidir. İlk olarak Nitzan ve arkadaşları tarafından tanımlanan bu teknik; eklem içi inflamatuar mediatörlerin uzaklaştırılması, intraartiküler basıncın azaltılması ve adezyonların mekanik olarak çözülmesi yoluyla etki göstermektedir. Günümüzde artrosentez, konservatif tedaviler ile cerrahi girişimler arasında önemli bir tedavi basamağı olarak kabul edilmektedir ve uygun hasta seçimi ile yüksek klinik başarı oranları sunmaktadır. Artrosentez uygulaması çift girişli (double-puncture) ve tek girişli (single-puncture) tekniklerle gerçekleştirilebilmektedir. Çift girişli teknik, eklem boşluğunun daha etkin irrigasyonuna olanak sağlarken; tek girişli teknikler daha az invaziv olmaları ve hasta konforunu artırmaları nedeniyle son yıllarda daha fazla tercih edilmektedir. Bununla birlikte, mevcut literatürde teknikler arasında belirgin bir üstünlük gösterilememiştir ve klinik sonuçların büyük ölçüde eklem içi patolojinin derecesi ve cerrahın deneyimi ile ilişkili olduğu bildirilmektedir. Artrosentez sonrası intraartiküler ajan uygulamaları tedavi etkinliğini artırmak amacıyla sıklıkla kullanılmaktadır. Hyaluronik asit, kortikosteroidler ve otolog biyolojik ürünler yaygın olarak araştırılmıştır. Son yıllarda dekstroz proloterapisi ise rejeneratif etkileri nedeniyle dikkat çekmektedir. Dekstrozun kontrollü inflamatuar yanıt oluşturarak fibroblast aktivasyonu ve kollajen sentezini artırdığı, böylece eklem stabilitesine katkı sağladığı bildirilmektedir. Bu derlemenin amacı, TME artrosentezi uygulama tekniklerini ve kullanılan intraartiküler ajanları değerlendirmek, özellikle dekstroz proloterapisinin güncel rolünü ve klinik etkinliğini ortaya koymaktır.

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Cite This Article

Durmuş, H. İ., Kuşan, K. F. (2026). Temporomandibular Joint Arthrocentesis: Application Techniques, Intra-Articular Agents, and the Current Role of Dextrose Prolotherapy: A Narrative Review. Aydın Dental Journal, Cilt: 12 Sayı: 2, 133–145. https://ajindex.com/articles/1458359

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