Journals / ASSAM Uluslararası Hakemli Dergi / 2026 / Sayı: 29

Statehood Claims and the Limits of International Recognition in the Case of Liberland

Liberland Örneğinde Devletlik İddiası ve Uluslararası Tanınmanın Sınırları

Murat Derin(TEKİRDAĞ NAMIK KEMAL ÜNİVERSİTESİ)0000-0001-7367-4223
Pages
143–165
Publication Date
2026-05-14
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AI Summary & Key Takeaways

AI Insight
⚡ TL;DR(Too Long; Didn't Read)

In this context, Liberland should be understood not as a fully established state, but as an instructive case that reveals the limits of statehood claims and international recognition in the contemporary international system.

📌 3 Key Takeaways

🎯
Objective & Hypothesis:This study examines Liberland’s claim to statehood within the framework of international law and international relations.
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Key Findings & Data:Its main objective is to explain why Liberland, proclaimed in 2015 in a disputed border area between Croatia and Serbia, has remained significantly limited in terms of international recognition and acceptance despite attracting considerable visibility.
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Conclusion & Impact:In this context, Liberland should be understood not as a fully established state, but as an instructive case that reveals the limits of statehood claims and international recognition in the contemporary international system.
🔬Design:Araştırma Makalesi
📍Scope:2015 Verileri
⚙️Variables:Liberland · Devletlik İddiası · Uluslararası Tanınma

Abstract

This study examines Liberland’s claim to statehood within the framework of international law and international relations. Its main objective is to explain why Liberland, proclaimed in 2015 in a disputed border area between Croatia and Serbia, has remained significantly limited in terms of international recognition and acceptance despite attracting considerable visibility. The study adopts a qualitative research design and employs a single-case study supported by document analysis. The analysis is conducted through the classical criteria of statehood set out in the Montevideo Convention, alongside de facto sovereignty and international recognition. The findings show that although Liberland has generated institutional symbols, digital citizenship practices, constitutional discourse, and global media visibility, it continues to face major limitations with regard to permanent population, the contested status of its territory, effective government, and the capacity to enter into relations with other states. The study also demonstrates that visibility does not amount to recognition and that institutional discourse cannot substitute for effective sovereignty. In this context, Liberland should be understood not as a fully established state, but as an instructive case that reveals the limits of statehood claims and international recognition in the contemporary international system.

Özet

Bu çalışma, Liberland’ın devletlik iddiasını uluslararası hukuk ve uluslararası ilişkiler bağlamında incelemektedir. Çalışmanın temel amacı, 2015 yılında Hırvatistan ile Sırbistan arasındaki tartışmalı sınır alanında ilan edilen Liberland’ın, neden yüksek görünürlük üretmesine rağmen uluslararası tanınma ve kabul bakımından sınırlı kaldığını ortaya koymaktır. Bu çerçevede çalışmada nitel araştırma yaklaşımı benimsenmiş, tek vaka incelemesi ve belge analizi yöntemi kullanılmıştır. İnceleme, Montevideo Sözleşmesi’nde yer alan klasik devletlik ölçütleri, fiilî egemenlik kapasitesi ve uluslararası tanınma boyutları üzerinden yürütülmüştür. Bulgular, Liberland’ın kurumsal semboller, dijital vatandaşlık uygulamaları, anayasal söylem ve küresel medya görünürlüğü üretmiş olmasına rağmen kalıcı nüfus, toprak statüsünün tartışmalı niteliği, etkin hükümet ve diğer devletlerle ilişki kurma kapasitesi bakımından ciddi sınırlılıklar taşıdığını göstermektedir. Çalışma ayrıca görünürlük ile tanınmanın, kurumsal söylem ile fiilî egemenliğin aynı anlama gelmediğini ortaya koymaktadır. Bu bağlamda Liberland, klasik anlamda devlet statüsüne ulaşmış bir örnekten ziyade, çağdaş uluslararası sistemde devletlik iddiası ile uluslararası tanınmanın sınırlarını görünür kılan öğretici bir vaka olarak değerlendirilmektedir.

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Cite This Article

Derin, M. (2026). Statehood Claims and the Limits of International Recognition in the Case of Liberland. ASSAM Uluslararası Hakemli Dergi, Sayı: 29, 143–165. https://doi.org/10.58724/assam.1930800

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