Journals / Adıyaman Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi / 2026 / Cilt: 12 Sayı: 2

Computational analysis of eupatorin binding to human neutrophil elastase: Therapeutic potential in inflammatory foot diseases

Eupatorin’in insan nötrofil elastazına bağlanmasının hesaplamalı incelenmesi: İnflamatuar ayak hastalıklarında terapötik potansiyeli

Mehmet Veysi Cetiz(HARRAN ÜNİVERSİTESİ)0000-0002-2635-6553
Şükrü Akmeşe(HARRAN ÜNİVERSİTESİ)0000-0003-4992-0281
Ramazan Tutuş(UŞAK ÜNİVERSİTESİ)0000-0003-2297-7309
Pages
150–156
Publication Date
2026-08-20
🏛️Bibliographic metadata and full text access for this article are provided via DergiPark.
DergiPark Record ↗
✨

AI Summary & Key Takeaways

AI Insight
⚡ TL;DR(Too Long; Didn't Read)

Eupatorin can be considered a promising natural scaffold that warrants experimental evaluation for the modulation of HNE-associated inflammatory processes.

📌 3 Key Takeaways

🎯
Objective & Hypothesis:Aim: This study aims to investigate the inhibitory effect of eupatorin, a flavonoid, on human neutrophil elastase (HNE), which plays a role in chronic inflammatory foot conditions such as diabetic foot ulcers.
📊
Key Findings & Data:Next, 100-nanosecond molecular dynamics simulations and MM/GBSA binding free energy analyses were performed.
💡
Conclusion & Impact:Eupatorin can be considered a promising natural scaffold that warrants experimental evaluation for the modulation of HNE-associated inflammatory processes.
🔬Design:Araştırma Makalesi
📍Scope:Comprehensive Sample
⚙️Variables:Diyabetik ayak · Docking · Eupatorin

Abstract

Aim: This study aims to investigate the inhibitory effect of eupatorin, a flavonoid, on human neutrophil elastase (HNE), which plays a role in chronic inflammatory foot conditions such as diabetic foot ulcers. Materials and Methods: Binding interactions between eupatorin and HNE were examined using molecular docking simulations performed in AutoDock Vina. Next, 100-nanosecond molecular dynamics simulations and MM/GBSA binding free energy analyses were performed. Results: Docking analysis showed that eupatorin binds to HNE with a binding affinity of –7.9 kcal/mol. Dynamic simulations revealed that the ligand retained its position within the binding site and exhibited a non-covalent interaction pattern involving 0–3 hydrogen bonds per frame, with an average of one. SASA values indicated that the ligand resides within a solvent-accessible pocket. MM/GBSA analysis further supported favorable binding energetics throughout the simulation period. Conclusion: These findings suggest that eupatorin establishes a reversible, non-covalent interaction pattern with HNE. Eupatorin can be considered a promising natural scaffold that warrants experimental evaluation for the modulation of HNE-associated inflammatory processes.

Özet

Amaç: Bu çalışma, bir flavonoid olan eupatorin’in, diyabetik ayak ülseri gibi kronik inflamatuar ayak hastalıklarında görev alan İnsan nötrofil elastazı (HNE) üzerindeki inhibitör etkisini araştırmayı amaçlamaktadır. Gereç ve Yöntem: Eupatorin’in HNE ile olası bağlanma etkileşimleri, AutoDock Vina ile yürütülen moleküler yerleştirme simülasyonları ile incelenmiştir. Ardından, 100 nanosaniyelik moleküler dinamik simülasyonlar ve MM/GBSA bağlanma serbest enerjisi analizleri gerçekleştirilmiştir. Bulgular: Moleküler yerleştirme analizleri eupatorin’in HNE’ye –7,9 kcal/mol bağlanma afinitesi ile bağlandığını göstermiştir. Dinamik simülasyonlar, ligandın konumunu bağlanma cebinde koruduğunu ve 0–3 arasında değişen, ortalama 1 hidrojen bağı içeren bir etkileşim örüntüsü sergilediğini ortaya koymuştur. SASA değerleri, ligandın çözücüye açık, yarı gömülü bir cepte yer aldığını göstermektedir. MM/GBSA analizleri ise bağlanmanın enerjetik olarak elverişli olduğunu desteklemiştir. Sonuç: Bu bulgular, eupatorin’in HNE ile tersinir ve kovalent olmayan bir etkileşim örüntüsü kurabileceğini düşündürmektedir. Eupatorin, HNE ile ilişkili inflamatuar süreçlerin modülasyonu için deneysel olarak değerlendirilmesi gereken umut vadeden doğal bir yapı iskelesi olarak değerlendirilebilir.

🔖

Cite This Article

Cetiz, M. V., Akmeşe, Ş., Tutuş, R. (2026). Computational analysis of eupatorin binding to human neutrophil elastase: Therapeutic potential in inflammatory foot diseases. Adıyaman Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, Cilt: 12 Sayı: 2, 150–156. https://doi.org/10.30569/adiyamansaglik.1830702

📄 Full Text PDF Viewer

📄

PDF görüntüleyici hazırlanıyor...

References (15)

  1. Armstrong DG, Boulton AJ, Bus SA. Diabetic foot ulcers and their recurrence. N Engl J Med. 2017;376(24):2367-75. 10.1056/NEJMra1615439
  2. Jeffcoate WJ, Vileikyte L, Boyko EJ, Armstrong DG, Boulton AJ. Current challenges and opportunities in the prevention and management of diabetic foot ulcers. Diabetes Care. 2018;41(4):645-52. 10.2337/dc17-1836
  3. Serena TE. Development of a novel technique to collect proteases from chronic wounds. Adv Wound Care 2014;3(12):729-32. 10.1089/wound.2013.0463
  4. Brinkmann V, Zychlinsky A. Beneficial suicide: why neutrophils die to make NETs. Nat Rev Microbiol. 2007;5(8):577-82. 10.1038/nrmicro1710
  5. Korkmaz B, Horwitz MS, Jenne DE, Gauthier F. Neutrophil elastase, proteinase 3, and cathepsin G as therapeutic targets in human diseases. Pharmacol Rev. 2010;62(4):726-59. 10.1124/pr.110.002733
  6. Guo S, DiPietro LA. Factors affecting wound healing. J Dent Res. 2010;89(3):219-29. 10.1177/0022034509359125
  7. Jakimiuk K, Gesek J, Atanasov AG, Tomczyk M. Flavonoids as inhibitors of human neutrophil elastase. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem. 2021;36(1):1016-28. 10.1080/14756366.2021.1927006
  8. Baloglu MC, Ozer LY, Pirci B, Altunoglu YC, Soomro SI, Zengin G, et al. Decoding chemical profiles, biological functions, and medicinal properties of liquidambar orientalis extracts through molecular modeling and bioinformatic methods. Food Front. 2025;6(3):1376-1408. 10.1002/fft2.545
  9. Yildirim MA, Sevinc B, Paydas S, Karaselek MA, Duran T, Kuccukturk S, et al. Exploring the Anticancer Potential of Dianthus orientalis in Pancreatic Cancer: A Molecular and Cellular Study. Food Biosci. 2025;66:106183. 10.1016/j.fbio.2025.106183
  10. Angeles Flores G, Cusumano G, Zengin G, Cetiz MV, Uba AI, Senkardes I, et al. Using In Vitro and In Silico Analysis to Investigate the Chemical Profile and Biological Properties of Polygonum istanbulicum Extracts. Plants. 2024;13(23):3421. 10.3390/plants13233421
  11. Cetiz MV, Isah M, Ak G, Bakar K, Himidi AA, Mohamed A, et al. Exploring of Chemical Profile and Biological Activities of Three Ocimum Species From Comoros Islands: A Combination of In Vitro and In Silico Insights. Cell Biochem Funct. 2024;42(7):e70000. 10.1002/cbf.70000
  12. Jo S, Kim T, Iyer VG, Im W. CHARMM-GUI: a web-based graphical user interface for CHARMM. J Comput Chem. 2008;29(11):1859-65. 10.1002/jcc.20945
  13. Korpayev S, Zengin G, Ak G, Glamočlija J, Soković M, Aničić N, et al. Integration of In Vitro and In Silico Results From Chemical and Biological Assays of Rheum turkestanicum and Calendula officinalis Flower Extracts. Food Sci Nutr. 2025;13(1):e4663. 10.1002/fsn3.4663
  14. Huang J, Rauscher S, Nawrocki G, Ran T, Feig M, de Groot BL, et al. CHARMM36m: an improved force field for folded and intrinsically disordered proteins. Nat Methods. 2017;14(1):71-73. 10.1038/nmeth.4067
  15. Hussain Y, Mathur A, Meena A, Luqman S. Eupatorin: A comprehensive review of its pharmacological activities and underlying molecular mechanisms. Eur J Pharmacol. 2025;1008:178330. 10.1016/j.ejphar.2025.178330