Journals / Kocaeli Journal of Science and Engineering / 2026 / Cilt: 2026 Sayı: 17

Mineralogical Properties Affecting the Usability of Karamürsel (Kocaeli) Od Building Stone Used in Historical Structures

Tarihi Yapılarda Kullanılan Karamürsel (Kocaeli) Od Yapı Taşının Kullanılabilirliğini Etkileyen Mineralojik Özellikler

Ahmet Karakaş(KOCAELİ ÜNİVERSİTESİ)0000-0002-4672-2063
Ediz Öncü(KOCAELI UNIVERSITY, INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE)0009-0002-7649-4337
Pages
144–152
Publication Date
2026-08-31
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AI Summary & Key Takeaways

AI Insight
⚡ TL;DR(Too Long; Didn't Read)

On the other hand, this volcanic tuff has been widely used in historical structures such as masonry ovens and baths due to its heat-resistant properties.

📌 3 Key Takeaways

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Objective & Hypothesis:Od stone is a type of volcanic tuff and has been used as a building stone in historical structures such as mosques and baths due to its heat resistance, and today it is used in restoration works and cement production.
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Key Findings & Data:Laboratory tests conducted on the samples revealed the following average values for their physico-mechanical properties: natural unit weight 2.20 g/cm3, water absorption 1.3%, specific gravity 2.475 g/cm3, MgSO4 frost resistance 99.61%, water resistance in rocks (micro-Deval) 10.3%, methylene blue fine grain determination 12.57 ml/g, uniaxial compressive strength 56.78 MPa, point load strength 5.69 MPa, Los Angeles abrasion resistance 55.65%, friction abrasion (Böhme) 11.54 cm3/50 cm2, and Schmidt hammer rebound value 18.
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Conclusion & Impact:On the other hand, this volcanic tuff has been widely used in historical structures such as masonry ovens and baths due to its heat-resistant properties.
🔬Design:Araştırma Makalesi
📍Scope:Comprehensive Sample
⚙️Variables:Mineraloji · Od Taşı · Yapı taşı

Abstract

Od stone is a type of volcanic tuff and has been used as a building stone in historical structures such as mosques and baths due to its heat resistance, and today it is used in restoration works and cement production. In this study, the geological, mineralogical and geomechanical properties of the Od Stone outcropping in the south of Karamürsel were investigated. Samples taken in field studies were used in thin section production for mineralogical analysis and in laboratory tests to determine the physical and mechanical properties in accordance with the standards. The petrographic analysis determined that the volcanic tuff samples taken from the field were rhyodacitic-dacitic tuffs. Laboratory tests conducted on the samples revealed the following average values for their physico-mechanical properties: natural unit weight 2.20 g/cm3, water absorption 1.3%, specific gravity 2.475 g/cm3, MgSO4 frost resistance 99.61%, water resistance in rocks (micro-Deval) 10.3%, methylene blue fine grain determination 12.57 ml/g, uniaxial compressive strength 56.78 MPa, point load strength 5.69 MPa, Los Angeles abrasion resistance 55.65%, friction abrasion (Böhme) 11.54 cm3/50 cm2, and Schmidt hammer rebound value 18. The mineralogical assessment showed that Od stone tuffs have mainly plagioclase and feldspar minerals that are not durable and easily turn into clay minerals during the alteration process. These mineralogical characteristics limit the use of this stone as cladding and paving stone. On the other hand, this volcanic tuff has been widely used in historical structures such as masonry ovens and baths due to its heat-resistant properties.

Özet

Volkanik tüf türlerinden biri olan Od taşı ısıya dayanıklılığı nedeniyle camiler, hamamlar gibi tarihi yapılarda yapı taşı olarak kullanılmış, günümüzde ise restorasyon çalışmalarında ve çimento üretiminde kullanılmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, Karamürsel'in güneyinde yüzeylenen Od taşının jeolojik, mineralojik ve jeomekanik özellikleri incelenmiştir. Arazi çalışmalarında alınan örnekler, mineralojik analiz için ince kesit üretiminde ve standartlara uygun olarak fiziksel ve mekanik özelliklerin belirlenmesi için laboratuvar testlerinde kullanılmıştır. Petrolojik analiz ile araziden alınan volkanik tüf örneklerinin riyodasitik-dasitik tüf olduğunu belirlenmiştir. Mineralojik değerlendirme, Od taşı tüflerinin esas olarak dayanıklı olmayan ve alterasyon sürecinde kolayca kil minerallerine dönüşen plagioklaz ve feldispat mineralleri içerdiğini göstermiştir. Bu mineralojik özellik, bu taşın kaplama ve döşeme taşı olarak kullanımını sınırlandırmaktadır. Öte yandan, bu volkanik tüf, ısıya dayanıklı özellikleri nedeniyle taş fırınlar ve hamamlar gibi tarihi yapılarda yaygın olarak kullanılmıştır.

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Cite This Article

Köprübaşı, N., Karakaş, A., Öncü, E. (2026). Mineralogical Properties Affecting the Usability of Karamürsel (Kocaeli) Od Building Stone Used in Historical Structures. Kocaeli Journal of Science and Engineering, Cilt: 2026 Sayı: 17, 144–152. https://doi.org/10.34088/kojose.1873095

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