Journals / Karadeniz Uluslararası Bilimsel Dergi / 2026 / Sayı: 71

Security Governance in Central Asia: Assessing the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation's Contributions and Limitations Across Security Domains

Orta Asya’da Güvenlik Yönetişimi: Şanghay İşbirliği Örgütü’nün Farklı Güvenlik Alanlarındaki Katkıları ve Sınırlılıkları

Pages
1–14
Publication Date
2026-09-28
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AI Summary & Key Takeaways

AI Insight
⚡ TL;DR(Too Long; Didn't Read)

The article contributes a replicable evidence-grading protocol applicable to assessments of regional organisations' security claims, and advances the theoretical debate between institutional effectiveness literature and authoritarian regionalism frameworks.

📌 3 Key Takeaways

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Objective & Hypothesis:The Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO) presents itself as the principal security governance framework for Central Asia, mandated to address terrorism, separatism, extremism, and drug trafficking — collectively the "three evils" plus narcotics.
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Key Findings & Data:Yet systematic, domain-by-domain assessments of its actual contribution remain scarce in the academic literature, with most studies either accepting self-reported institutional claims or dismissing the organisation as a "talking shop." This article applies a structured qualitative framework, drawing on primary SCO legal instruments, RATS operational reporting, and external UNODC evidence, to assess the organisation's security governance performance across four domains between 2001 and 2024.
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Conclusion & Impact:The article contributes a replicable evidence-grading protocol applicable to assessments of regional organisations' security claims, and advances the theoretical debate between institutional effectiveness literature and authoritarian regionalism frameworks.
🔬Design:Araştırma Makalesi
📍Scope:2001 Verileri
⚙️Variables:Şanghay İşbirliği Örgütü · bölgesel güvenlik yönetişimi · RATS

Abstract

The Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO) presents itself as the principal security governance framework for Central Asia, mandated to address terrorism, separatism, extremism, and drug trafficking — collectively the "three evils" plus narcotics. Yet systematic, domain-by-domain assessments of its actual contribution remain scarce in the academic literature, with most studies either accepting self-reported institutional claims or dismissing the organisation as a "talking shop." This article applies a structured qualitative framework, drawing on primary SCO legal instruments, RATS operational reporting, and external UNODC evidence, to assess the organisation's security governance performance across four domains between 2001 and 2024. The findings demonstrate that SCO's contribution is strongest in counterterrorism, where the Regional Anti-Terrorist Structure (RATS) has generated routinised intelligence sharing and verifiable organisational outputs, though outcome attribution is constrained by reliance on self-reported data. Conversely, in the drug trafficking domain, outcome dynamics are overwhelmingly driven by Afghanistan's opium production cycles and trafficking market economics, limiting plausible attribution to SCO mechanisms. In the extremism and separatism domains, SCO outputs are primarily normative — institutionalising non-interference norms and territorial integrity commitments — rather than operational, and these outputs serve member states' regime-security interests as much as they address genuine population-level threats. The article contributes a replicable evidence-grading protocol applicable to assessments of regional organisations' security claims, and advances the theoretical debate between institutional effectiveness literature and authoritarian regionalism frameworks.

Özet

Şanghay İşbirliği Örgütü (ŞİÖ), terörizm, ayrılıkçılık, aşırıcılık ve uyuşturucu kaçakçılığıyla mücadele etmekle görevli, Orta Asya’daki başlıca güvenlik yönetişimi çerçevesi olarak kendisini sunmaktadır; bu tehditler topluca “üç kötülük” ve buna ek olarak narkotikler şeklinde tanımlanmaktadır. Bununla birlikte, örgütün gerçek katkısını güvenlik alanları bazında sistematik biçimde değerlendiren çalışmalar akademik literatürde oldukça sınırlıdır; mevcut çalışmaların çoğu ya kurumun kendi beyanlarına dayalı iddiaları kabul etmekte ya da örgütü etkisiz bir “konuşma platformu” olarak görmektedir. Bu makale, ŞİÖ’nün birincil hukuki belgeleri, RATS’in operasyonel raporlamaları ve UNODC’nin dışsal verilerinden yararlanan yapılandırılmış nitel bir çerçeve uygulayarak, örgütün 2001–2024 dönemindeki güvenlik yönetişimi performansını dört alan üzerinden değerlendirmektedir. Bulgular, ŞİÖ’nün en güçlü katkısının, Bölgesel Terörle Mücadele Yapısı’nın (RATS) kurumsallaşmış istihbarat paylaşımı ve doğrulanabilir örgütsel çıktılar ürettiği terörle mücadele alanında ortaya çıktığını göstermektedir; ancak sonuçların ŞİÖ’ye atfedilmesi, öz-bildirime dayalı verilere olan bağımlılık nedeniyle sınırlı kalmaktadır. Buna karşılık, uyuşturucu kaçakçılığı alanında sonuç dinamikleri büyük ölçüde Afganistan’ın afyon üretim döngüleri ve kaçakçılık piyasasının ekonomik yapısı tarafından belirlenmekte, bu da sonuçların ŞİÖ mekanizmalarına makul biçimde atfedilmesini zorlaştırmaktadır. Aşırıcılık ve ayrılıkçılık alanlarında ise ŞİÖ’nün çıktıları operasyonelden ziyade esas olarak normatiftir; müdahale etmeme ilkesi ile toprak bütünlüğü taahhütlerini kurumsallaştırmaktadır. Bununla birlikte, bu çıktılar gerçek toplumsal tehditleri gidermek kadar üye devletlerin rejim güvenliği çıkarlarına da hizmet etmektedir. Makale, bölgesel örgütlerin güvenlik iddialarının değerlendirilmesine uygulanabilecek tekrarlanabilir bir kanıt derecelendirme protokolü sunmakta ve kurumsal etkililik literatürü ile otoriter bölgeselcilik yaklaşımları arasındaki teorik tartışmayı ilerletmektedir.

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Cite This Article

Badalov, E. (2026). Security Governance in Central Asia: Assessing the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation's Contributions and Limitations Across Security Domains. Karadeniz Uluslararası Bilimsel Dergi, Sayı: 71, 1–14. https://doi.org/10.17498/kdeniz.1928325

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