Journals / Intermedia International e-Journal / 2026 / Cilt: 13 Sayı: 24

Barriers To Access in Healthcare: Physical And Cognitive Experiences Of Visually Impaired Individuals In Sakarya Province

Sağlıkta Erişimin Engelleri: Sakarya İlinde Görme Engellilerin Fiziksel ve Bilişsel Deneyimleri

Mustafa Öztürk(İSTANBUL TİCARET ÜNİVERSİTESİ, İLETİŞİM BİLİMİ VE İNTERNET ENSTİTÜSÜ)0009-0002-0310-6460
Pages
74–96
Publication Date
2026-06-30
🏛️Bibliographic metadata and full text access for this article are provided via DergiPark.
DergiPark Record ↗
✨

AI Summary & Key Takeaways

AI Insight
⚡ TL;DR(Too Long; Didn't Read)

In this context, the study supports independent and equal access to healthcare services for visually impaired individuals, while also contributing to strengthening social equality and inclusion in the healthcare system.

📌 3 Key Takeaways

🎯
Objective & Hypothesis:This study aims to examine the physical and cognitive access experiences of visually impaired individuals residing in Sakarya province to hospital services.
📊
Key Findings & Data:Using a qualitative research approach, in-depth interviews were conducted with a total of 20 participants: 16 visually impaired individuals and 4 managers of visually impaired associations.
💡
Conclusion & Impact:In this context, the study supports independent and equal access to healthcare services for visually impaired individuals, while also contributing to strengthening social equality and inclusion in the healthcare system.
🔬Design:Araştırma Makalesi
📍Scope:Comprehensive Sample
⚙️Variables:Görme Engelli · Engellilik · Erişilebilirlik

Abstract

This study aims to examine the physical and cognitive access experiences of visually impaired individuals residing in Sakarya province to hospital services. The research evaluated problems encountered in areas such as access to information, wayfinding, support from healthcare personnel, the usability of technological applications, and spatial arrangements, as well as satisfaction levels with the services. Using a qualitative research approach, in-depth interviews were conducted with a total of 20 participants: 16 visually impaired individuals and 4 managers of visually impaired associations. The findings show that participants were significantly affected by the lack of guide signs and Braille information boards to facilitate wayfinding in hospital buildings. Furthermore, difficulties in accessing audio guidance systems and digital health applications were among the main obstacles to cognitive access. In addition, it was observed that healthcare personnel lacked sufficient knowledge, skills, and awareness in effectively communicating with and guiding visually impaired individuals. The research emphasizes the importance of physical infrastructure improvements, inclusive technological solutions, and awareness and training programs for healthcare personnel to increase the accessibility of hospital environments. In this context, the study supports independent and equal access to healthcare services for visually impaired individuals, while also contributing to strengthening social equality and inclusion in the healthcare system.

Özet

Bu çalışma, Sakarya ilinde ikamet eden görme engelli bireylerin hastane hizmetlerine fiziksel ve bilişsel erişim deneyimlerini incelemeyi amaçlamaktadır. Araştırma kapsamında bilgiye erişim, yön bulma, sağlık personelinin desteği, teknolojik uygulamaların kullanılabilirliği ve mekânsal düzenlemeler gibi alanlarda karşılaşılan sorunlar ve hizmetlere ilişkin memnuniyet düzeyleri değerlendirilmiştir. Nitel araştırma yaklaşımıyla gerçekleştirilen çalışmada, 16 görme engelli birey ve 4 görme engelli dernek yöneticisi olmak üzere toplam 20 katılımcıyla derinlemesine görüşmeler yapılmıştır. Bulgular, katılımcıların hastane binalarında yön bulmayı kolaylaştıracak kılavuz izlerin ve Braille alfabeli bilgilendirme panolarının eksikliğinden ciddi şekilde etkilendiklerini göstermektedir. Ayrıca sesli rehberlik sistemleri ve dijital sağlık uygulamalarına erişimde yaşanan güçlükler, bilişsel erişimin önündeki temel engeller arasında yer almaktadır. Bunun yanı sıra sağlık personelinin görme engelli bireylerle etkili iletişim kurma ve yönlendirme konularında yeterli bilgi, beceri ve farkındalığa sahip olmadığı gözlemlenmiştir. Araştırma, hastane ortamlarının erişilebilirliğinin artırılması için fiziksel altyapı düzenlemeleri, kapsayıcı teknolojik çözümler ve sağlık personeline yönelik bilinçlendirme ve eğitim programlarının önemini vurgulamaktadır. Bu bağlamda çalışma, görme engelli bireylerin sağlık hizmetlerine bağımsız ve eşit koşullarda erişimini desteklerken, sağlık sisteminde toplumsal eşitlik ve kapsayıcılığın güçlendirilmesine de katkı sağlamaktadır.

🔖

Cite This Article

Öztürk, M. (2026). Barriers To Access in Healthcare: Physical And Cognitive Experiences Of Visually Impaired Individuals In Sakarya Province. Intermedia International e-Journal, Cilt: 13 Sayı: 24, 74–96. https://doi.org/10.56133/intermedia.1857035

📄 Full Text PDF Viewer

📄

PDF görüntüleyici hazırlanıyor...

References (24)

  1. Beauchamp, T. L., & Childress, J. F. (2019). Principles Of Biomedical Ethics (8th ed.). New York: Oxford University Press.
  2. Bickenbach, J. E., Posarac, A., Cieza, A., & Kostanjsek, N. (2015). Assessing disability in national population surveys: The World Bank–Washington Group collaboration. Retrieved from https://documents1.worldbank.org/curated/en/272851468164970738/pdf/Disability-Assessment-Report-June-18-2015.pdf
  3. Creswell, J. W., & Poth, C. N. (2018). Qualitative İnquiry And Research Design: Choosing Among Five Approaches (4th ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
  4. Ertaş, M. F. (2025). Görme engellilerin hastane hizmetlerine fiziksel erişimi: İstanbul örneği. İstanbul Ticaret Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 24(52), 333–355. doi: 10.46928/iticusbe.1673772
  5. Iezzoni, L.I., Rao, S.R., Ressalam, J., Bolcic-Jankovic, D., Agaronnik, N.D., Donelan, K., Lagu, T., Campbell, E.G. (2021). Physicians' perceptions of people with disability and their health care. Health Aff (Millwood), 40(2). 297-306. doi: 10.1377/hlthaff.2020.01452.
  6. Jasper, M. A. (1994). Issues in phenomenology for researchers of nursing. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 19(2), 309–314. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2648.1994.tb01085.x
  7. Krahn, G. L., Walker, D. K., & Correa-de-Araujo, R. (2015). Persons with disabilities as an unrecognized health disparity population. American Journal of Public Health, 105(Suppl. 2), S198–S206. doi: 10.2105/AJPH.2014.302182
  8. Miller, J., & Glassner, B. (2003). The “inside” and the “outside”: Finding realities in interviews. In N. K. Denzin & Y. S. Lincoln (Eds.), Qualitative research: Theory, method, and practice (2nd ed., pp. 125–139). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
  9. Oliver, M. (1996). Understanding Disability: From Theory To Practice. London: Macmillan. Resmî Gazete (2005). 5378 sayılı Engelliler Hakkında Kanun. Retrieved from https://www.mevzuat.gov.tr/mevzuatmetin/1.5.5378.pdf
  10. Sakellariou, D., & Rotarou, E. S. (2017). The effects of neoliberal policies on access to healthcare for people with disabilities. International Journal for Equity in Health, 16(1), 1–8. doi: 10.1186/s12939-017-0699-3
  11. Shakespeare, T., Ndagire, F., & Seketi, Q. E. (2021). Triple jeopardy: Disabled people and the COVID-19 pandemic. The Lancet, 397(10282), 1331–1333. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(21)00625-5
  12. Steinfeld, E., & Maisel, J. (2012). Universal Design: Creating İnclusive Environments. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley.
  13. T.C. Aile, Çalışma ve Sosyal Hizmetler Bakanlığı. (2020a). Engelli ve yaşlı istatistik bülteni. Retrieved from https://www.aile.gov.tr/media/42250/istatistik-bulteni-2020-mart.pdf
  14. T.C. Aile, Çalışma ve Sosyal Hizmetler Bakanlığı. (2020b). Erişilebilirlik Klavuzu. Retrieved from https://webdosya.csb.gov.tr/db/meslekihizmetler/menu/erisilebilirlik_kilavuzu_2021_20231122101955.pdf
  15. T.C. Sağlık Bakanlığı (2019). Sağlıkta güncel durum ve sağlık hizmetlerine erişim rehberi. Retrieved from https://sggm.saglik.gov.tr/TR-110318/saglik-hizmetlerine-erisim-rehberi-e-dergi.html#
  16. TÜİK (2022). Engelli İstatistikleri. Ankara: Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu. Retrieved from https://data.tuik.gov.tr
  17. United Nations (2006). Convention on the rights of persons with disabilities. Retrieved from https://www.un.org/development/desa/disabilities
  18. United Nations Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (2000). General comment no. 14: The right to the highest attainable standard of health. United Nations. Retrieved from https://www.refworld.org/docid/4538838d0.html
  19. WAI (2018). Web content accessibility guidelines (WCAG) 2.1. Retrieved from https://www.w3.org/TR/WCAG21/
  20. World Health Organization (WHO). (2011). World Report On Disability. Geneva: WHO Press. Retrieved from https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789241548052
  21. World Health Organization (WHO). (2019). World Report On Vision. Geneva: WHO Press. Retrieved from https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/world-report-on-vision
  22. World Health Organization (WHO). (2021). Blindness and vision impairment. Retrieved from https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/blindness-and-visual-impairment
  23. World Wide Web Consortium (W3C). (2018). Web content accessibility guidelines (WCAG). Retrieved from https://www.w3.org/WAI/standards-guidelines/wcag/
  24. Yıldırım, H., & Topuz, S. (2022). Görme engellilerin sağlık hizmetlerine erişiminde karşılaştığı sorunlar. Toplum ve Sosyal Hizmet, 33(1), 55–73.