Journals / Hacettepe Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi Dergisi / 2026 / Volume: 13 Issue: 2

University Students' Experiences During COVID-19: Insights from Online/Distance Education

Rabia Kıvanç(MEHMET AKİF ERSOY ÜNİVERSİTESİ, BUCAK SAĞLIK YÜKSEKOKULU)0000-0001-7771-2223
Çiğdem Aytekin(HACETTEPE ÜNİVERSİTESİ, SAĞLIK BİLİMLERİ FAKÜLTESİ)0000-0002-2967-6456
Pages
—
Publication Date
2026-08-28
🏛️Bibliographic metadata and full text access for this article are provided via DergiPark.
DergiPark Record ↗
✨

AI Summary & Key Takeaways

AI Insight
⚡ TL;DR(Too Long; Didn't Read)

Qualitative findings revealed prominent technological, environmental, economic, and professional practice-related deprivations that aligned with statistically significant differences in stress.

📌 3 Key Takeaways

🎯
Objective & Hypothesis:Objectives: The COVID-19 pandemic caused unprecedented disruptions in higher education, compelling a rapid transition to distance learning and altering students’ academic and psychosocial functioning.
📊
Key Findings & Data:Data were collected from 161 undergraduate students using a Demographic Information Form, The Deprivations in Distance Education Form, and the Perceived Stress Scale.
💡
Conclusion & Impact:Qualitative findings revealed prominent technological, environmental, economic, and professional practice-related deprivations that aligned with statistically significant differences in stress.
🔬Design:Research Article
📍Scope:Comprehensive Sample
⚙️Variables:distance education · stress · psychological

Abstract

Objectives: The COVID-19 pandemic caused unprecedented disruptions in higher education, compelling a rapid transition to distance learning and altering students’ academic and psychosocial functioning. This study aimed to examine perceived stress levels among university students enrolled in Child Development departments and to identify the educational deprivations they experienced during pandemic-related remote instruction. Materials and Methods: A convergent mixed-methods design was employed. Data were collected from 161 undergraduate students using a Demographic Information Form, The Deprivations in Distance Education Form, and the Perceived Stress Scale. Quantitative data were analyzed using appropriate parametric and non-parametric statistical procedures, and effect sizes were reported. Qualitative data obtained from open-ended responses were analyzed using descriptive content analysis. Findings from both strands were integrated through a joint display. Results: Perceived stress levels differed significantly according to university type, place of residence, personal computer ownership, and household job loss. Higher stress was also associated with inadequate access to a quiet study space, difficulties attending online classes, communication barriers with instructors, and challenges in receiving academic feedback. Qualitative findings revealed prominent technological, environmental, economic, and professional practice-related deprivations that aligned with statistically significant differences in stress. Conclusion: The findings suggest that perceived stress during distance education was closely associated with structural and contextual educational constraints. Strengthening technological infrastructure, improving instructional communication, and ensuring equitable access to digital resources may help mitigate stress experiences in remote learning contexts. Beyond the pandemic, the results underscore the importance of designing resilient, inclusive online and hybrid learning environments in higher education.

🔖

Cite This Article

Kıvanç, R., Aytekin, Ç. (2026). University Students' Experiences During COVID-19: Insights from Online/Distance Education. Hacettepe Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi Dergisi, Volume: 13 Issue: 2. https://doi.org/10.21020/husbfd.1834274

📄 Full Text PDF Viewer

📄

PDF görüntüleyici hazırlanıyor...

References (37)

  1. Adnan, M., & Anwar, K. (2020). Online learning amid the COVID-19 pandemic: Students' perspectives. Journal of Pedagogical Sociology and Psychology, 1(2), 45–51. https://doi.org/10.33902/JPSP.2020261309
  2. AlAteeq, D. A., Aljhani, S., & AlEesa, D. (2020). Perceived stress among students in virtual classrooms during the COVID-19 outbreak in KSA. Journal of Taibah University Medical Sciences, 15(5), 398–403. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtumed.2020.07.004
  3. Aslan, I., Ochnik, D., & Çınar, O. (2020). Exploring perceived stress among students in Turkey during the COVID-19 pandemic. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(23), 8961. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17238961
  4. Bao, W. (2020). COVID-19 and online teaching in higher education: A case study of Peking University. Human Behavior and Emerging Technologies, 2(2), 113–115. https://doi.org/10.1002/hbe2.191
  5. Bursal, M. (2017). SPSS ile temel veri analizleri. Anı Yayıncılık.
  6. Büyüköztürk, Ş., Kılıç Çakmak, E., Akgün, Ö. E., Karadeniz, Ş., & Demirel, F. (2014). Bilimsel araştırma yöntemleri (18. baskı). Pegem Akademi.
  7. Cao, W., Fang, Z., Hou, G., Han, M., Xu, X., Dong, J., & Zheng, J. (2020). The psychological impact of the COVID-19 epidemic on college students in China. Psychiatry Research, 287, 112934. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2020.112934
  8. Cohen, J. (1998). Statistical Power Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Publishers.
  9. Creswell, J. W. (2014). Research design: qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches (4th ed.). Sage.
  10. Creswell, J. W. (2021). Karma yöntem araştırmalarına giriş (3rd ed.). Pegem Akademi.
  11. Creswell, J. W., & Creswell, J. D. (2017). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches. Sage Publications.
  12. Creswell, J. W., & Plano Clark, V. L. (2018). Designing and Conducting Mixed Methods Research (3rd ed.). SAGE.
  13. Eskin, M., Harlak, H., Demirkıran, F., & Dereboy, Ç. (2013). The adaptation of the Perceived Stress Scale into Turkish: A reliability and validity analysis. New Symposium Journal, 51(3), 132–140.
  14. Genç, S. Z., Engin, G., & Yardım, T. (2020). Pandemi (Covid-19) sürecindeki uzaktan eğitim uygulamalarına ilişkin lisansüstü öğrenci görüşleri. In Atatürk Üniversitesi Kazım Karabekir Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi (Number 41, pp. 134–158). https://doi.org/10.33418/ataunikkefd.782142
  15. Gierczyk, M., Gromkowska-Melosik, A., Sam Scott, S., & Parker, C. (2024). The Snowball Sampling Strategy in the Field of Social Sciences. Contexts and Considerations. Przegląd Badań Edukacyjnych, 2(43), 87–104. https://doi.org/10.12775/PBE.2023.029
  16. Göksu, Ö., & Kumcağız, H. (2020). Perceived Stress Level and Anxiety Levels in İndividuals in Covid-19 Outbreak. Journal of Turkish Studies, Volume 15 Issue 4(Volume 15 Issue 4), 463–479. https://doi.org/10.7827/TurkishStudies.44397
  17. Goldie, K., Ironside, R., & Pirie, E. (2023). “It feels real”: Events management and online experiential learning in COVID-19. Distance Education, 44(2), 230–245. https://doi.org/10.1080/01587919.2023.2198490
  18. Hamdan, K. M., Al-Bashaireh, A. M., Zahran, Z., Al-Daghestani, A., Al-Habashneh, S., & Shaheen, A. M. (2021). University students’ interaction, Internet self-efficacy, self-regulation and satisfaction with online education during pandemic crises of COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2). International Journal of Educational Management, 35(3), 713–725. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJEM-11-2020-0513
  19. Husky, M. M., Kovess-Masfety, V., & Swendsen, J. D. (2020). Stress and anxiety among university students in France during Covid-19 mandatory confinement. Comprehensive Psychiatry, 102, 152191. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.comppsych.2020.152191
  20. Işık, O., Tengilimoğlu, D., Şenel Tekin, P., Tosun, N., & Zekioğlu, A. (2021). Evaluation of students’ opinions regarding distance learning practices in Turkish universities during the COVID-19 pandemic. Yükseköğretim Dergisi, 11(3), 607–616. https://doi.org/10.2399/yod.20.006000
  21. Kürtüncü, M., & Kurt, A. (2020). COVID-19 pandemisi döneminde hemşirelik öğrencilerinin uzaktan eğitim konusunda yaşadıkları sorunlar. Avrasya Sosyal ve Ekonomi Araştırmaları Dergisi, 7(5), 66–77.
  22. Özdoğan, A. Ç., & Berkant, H. G. (2020). COVID-19 pandemi dönemindeki uzaktan eğitime ilişkin paydaş görüşlerinin incelenmesi. Milli Eğitim Dergisi, 49(1), 13–43. https://doi.org/10.37669/milliegitim.788118
  23. Pınarcıoğlu, N. Ş., Kanbak, A., & Önver, M. Ş. (2021). Covid-19 pandemisi sürecinde kırsal-kentsel ve sosyo-ekonomik farklılıkların uzaktan eğitime etkisi. MSGSÜ Sosyal Bilimler, 1(23), 28–48.
  24. Prakasha, G. S., Hemalathaa, K., Tamizh, P., Bhavna, B., & Kenneth, A. (2021). Online test anxiety and exam performance of international baccalaureate diploma programme students under e-proctored exams amid COVID-19. Problems of Education in the 21st Century, 79(6), 942–955. https://doi.org/10.33225/pec/21.79.942
  25. Rahman, M. M., Khan, S. J., Sakib, M. S., Halim, M. A., Rahman, M. M., & Asikunnaby. (2021). COVID-19 responses among university students of Bangladesh: Assessment of status and individual view toward COVID-19. Journal of Human Behavior in the Social Environment, 31(1–4), 512–531. https://doi.org/10.1080/10911359.2020.1822978
  26. Savaş, G. (2021). University Students’ Perceptions of their Distance Education Experience during the Covid-19 Pandemic. Yükseköğretim Dergisi, 11(2Pt1), 309–320. https://doi.org/10.2399/yod.20.744889
  27. Son, C., Hegde, S., Smith, A., Wang, X., & Sasangohar, F. (2020). Effects of COVID-19 on College Students’ Mental Health in the United States: Interview Survey Study. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 22(9), e21279. https://doi.org/10.2196/21279
  28. Teo, T. S. H., Kim, S. L., & Jiang, L. (2020). E-Learning Implementation in South Korea: Integrating Effectiveness and Legitimacy Perspectives. Information Systems Frontiers, 22(2), 511–528. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10796-018-9874-3
  29. UNESCO. (2020). Education: From COVID-19 school closures to recovery. Retrieved August 12, 2026, from https://www.unesco.org/en/covid-19/education-response
  30. Uzun Şahin, C., & Serbest Baz, A. N. (2021). Views and anxiety levels of university students regarding distance education during the Covid-19 Pandemic. Yuksekogretim Dergisi, 11(3), 617–624. https://doi.org/10.2399/yod.20.019000
  31. WHO. (2020). Timeline: WHO’s COVID-19 response. Retrieved August 12, 2026, from Https://Www.Who.Int/Emergencies/Diseases/Novel-Coronavirus-2019/Interactive-Timeline#event-52.
  32. YOK. (2020). Çocuk Gelişimi (Fakülte) (EA) Programlarına Taban Puanına Göre Yerleşen Son Kişinin Netleri. Retrieved February 21, 2021, from https://Yokatlas.Yok.Gov.Tr/2022/Netler-Tablo.Php?B=10701.
  33. YOK. (2025). Çocuk gelişimi alanı ulusal çekirdek eğitim programı (ÇGL-UÇEP-2025). Retrieved August 12, 2026, from https://egitim.yok.gov.tr/documentFiles/17594056261.Çocuk%20Gelişimi%20Ulusal%20Çekirdek%20Eğitim%20Programı.pdf
  34. Yang, C., Chen, A., & Chen, Y. (2021). College students’ stress and health in the COVID-19 pandemic: The role of academic workload, separation from school, and fears of contagion. PLOS ONE, 16(2), e0246676. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0246676
  35. Yolcu, H. H. (2020). Koronavirüs (Covid-19) pandemi sürecinde sınıf öğretmeni adaylarının uzaktan eğitim deneyimleri. Açıköğretim Uygulamaları ve Araştırmaları Dergisi, 6(4), 237–250.
  36. Zhou, S.-J., Zhang, L.-G., Wang, L.-L., Guo, Z.-C., Wang, J.-Q., Chen, J.-C., Liu, M., Chen, X., & Chen, J.-X. (2020). Prevalence and socio-demographic correlates of psychological health problems in Chinese adolescents during the outbreak of COVID-19. European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 29(6), 749–758. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00787-020-01541-4
  37. Kürtüncü, M., & Kurt, A. (2020). COVID-19 pandemisi döneminde hemşirelik öğrencilerinin uzaktan eğitim konusunda yaşadıkları sorunlar. Avrasya Sosyal ve Ekonomi Araştırmaları Dergisi, 7(5), 66–77.