Journals / Gazi Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi Part C: Tasarım ve Teknoloji / 2025 / Cilt: 13 Sayı: 4

Geopolymer Resin Injection for Liquefaction-Based Ground Improvement: A Case Study on Ground Improvement Beneath Mosque Foundation

Geopolimer Reçine Enjeksiyonu ile Sıvılaşmaya Yönelik Zemin İyileştirme Uygulaması: Bir Cami Temeli Altında Zemin İyileştirme Vaka Analizi

Bora Arslan(İSTANBUL ÜNİVERSİTESİ-CERRAHPAŞA, MÜHENDİSLİK FAKÜLTESİ)0009-0005-7077-6183
Sadık Öztoprak(İSTANBUL ÜNİVERSİTESİ-CERRAHPAŞA, MÜHENDİSLİK FAKÜLTESİ)0000-0001-5679-8048
Pages
1756–1766
Publication Date
2025-12-30
🏛️Bibliographic metadata and full text access for this article are provided via DergiPark.
DergiPark Record ↗
✨

AI Summary & Key Takeaways

AI Insight
⚡ TL;DR(Too Long; Didn't Read)

In this study, geotechnical characterization of a mosque foundation was conducted, and following the application of geopolymer resin injection on the idealized soil profile, non-linear dynamic analyses were performed using eleven different strong ground motions with Plaxis 2D finite element software and the PM4Sand constitutive model to evaluate the performance of the improvement method under liquefaction conditions.

📌 3 Key Takeaways

🎯
Objective & Hypothesis:Geopolymer resin injection is one of the latest technologies used for soil stabilization and foundation improvement.
📊
Key Findings & Data:This technology was first used in Italy in 1996.
💡
Conclusion & Impact:In this study, geotechnical characterization of a mosque foundation was conducted, and following the application of geopolymer resin injection on the idealized soil profile, non-linear dynamic analyses were performed using eleven different strong ground motions with Plaxis 2D finite element software and the PM4Sand constitutive model to evaluate the performance of the improvement method under liquefaction conditions.
🔬Design:Modeling & Simulation
📍Scope:Comprehensive Sample
⚙️Variables:Sıvılaşma · Zemin iyileştirme yöntemleri · Kil-kum-dolgu zeminler

Abstract

Geopolymer resin injection is one of the latest technologies used for soil stabilization and foundation improvement. This technology was first used in Italy in 1996. Since then, various non-water-based polyurethane polymerization methods and high-pressure injection techniques have been rapidly developed. The technology is fundamentally based on the injection of a two-component polyurethane solution (polyol and isocyanate) into the soil mass to the required treatment depth, mixed in a hydraulic system. The mixture is injected into the ground under pressure through 12-30 mm diameter pipes, with the assistance of a nozzle. In this study, geotechnical characterization of a mosque foundation was conducted, and following the application of geopolymer resin injection on the idealized soil profile, non-linear dynamic analyses were performed using eleven different strong ground motions with Plaxis 2D finite element software and the PM4Sand constitutive model to evaluate the performance of the improvement method under liquefaction conditions.

Özet

Geopolimer reçine enjeksiyonu zemin stabilizasyonu ve temel iyileştirmede kullanılan son teknolojilerdendir. Bu teknoloji, ilk kez 1996 yılında İtalya'da kullanılmıştır. O zamandan bu yana, farklı özelliklere sahip su bazlı olmayan poliüretan polimerizasyon yöntemleri ve yüksek basınçlı enjeksiyon teknikleri hızla geliştirilmiştir. Teknoloji temel olarak, iki bileşenli poliüretan solüsyonunun (poliol ve izosyanat) bir hidrolik sistemde karıştırılarak toprak kütlesine gerekli işlem derinliğine kadar enjekte edilmesine dayanmaktadır. Karışım, 12-30 mm çapındaki borulardan basınç altında, bir tabanca yardımıyla zemine enjekte edilir. Kimyasal reçine enjeksiyonu, kil-kum-dolgu içeren zeminlerde, zeminin şişmesini ve çökmesini önleyerek yapısal bütünlüğü güçlendirir. Bu çalışma kapsamında, geoteknik karakterizasyonu yapılmış bir cami temelinin belirlenmiş idealize zemin profili üzerinde uygulanmış geopolimer reçine enjeksiyonu sonrasında on bir farklı kuvvetli yer hareketi kullanılarak doğrusal olmayan dinamik analizler Plaxis 2D sonlu eleman yazılımı ve PM4Sand bünye modeliyle gerçekleştirilerek sıvılaşma kapsamında iyileştirme yönteminin performansı değerlendirilmiştir.

🔖

Cite This Article

Arslan, B., Öztoprak, S. (2025). Geopolymer Resin Injection for Liquefaction-Based Ground Improvement: A Case Study on Ground Improvement Beneath Mosque Foundation. Gazi Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi Part C: Tasarım ve Teknoloji, Cilt: 13 Sayı: 4, 1756–1766. https://doi.org/10.29109/gujsc.1821886

📄 Full Text PDF Viewer

📄

PDF görüntüleyici hazırlanıyor...

References (15)

  1. Seed, H. B., & Idriss, I. M. (1971). Simplified procedure for evaluating soil liquefaction potential. Journal of the Soil Mechanics and Foundations Division, ASCE, 97(SM9), 1249–1273.
  2. Tokimatsu, K., & Seed, H. B. (1987). Evaluation of settlements in sands due to earthquake shaking. Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, ASCE, 113(8), 861–878.
  3. Ishihara, K., & Yoshimine, M. (1992). Evaluation of settlements in sand deposits following liquefaction during earthquakes. Soils and Foundations, 32(1), 173–188.
  4. Öser, C., Sargın, S., Korkmaz, G., Altınok, E. (2023). “06 Şubat 2023 Kahramanmaraş Pazarcık Mw:7.7, Elbistan Mw:7.6 Depremlerinde oluşan Geoteknik ve Yapısal Hasarlara Ait Bulgular” Tübitak Deprem Araştırmaları Sanal Konferansı.
  5. Chiang, Y. C., ve Chae, Y. S. (1972). “Dynamic Properties of Cement Treated Soils”. Highway Research Record, 379, 39-51.
  6. Gopal Madabhushi, S. P. (2007). “Ground Improvement Methods for Liquefaction Remediation”. Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers-Ground Improvement, 11(4), 195-206.
  7. Huang, Y., Zhang, F., Yashima, A., ve Ye, W. (2008). “Numerical Simulation of Mitigation for Liquefactionİnduced Soil Deformations in A Sandy Ground İmproved By Cement Grouting”. Environmental Geology, 55, 1247-1252.
  8. Pantazopoulos, I. A., ve Atmatzidis, D. K. (2012). “Dynamic Properties of Microfine Cement Grouted Sands”. Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, 42, 17-31.
  9. Hamderi, M., ve Gallagher, P. M. (2015). “Pilot-Scale Modeling of Colloidal Silica Delivery to Liquefiable Sands”. Soils and Foundations, 55(1), 143-153.
  10. Huang, Y., ve Wang, L. (2016). “Laboratory Investigation of Liquefaction Mitigation in Silty Sand Using Nanoparticles”. Engineering geology, 204, 23-32.
  11. Xiao, P., Liu, H., Xiao, Y., Stuedlein, A. W., ve Evans, T. M. (2018). “Liquefaction Resistance of Bio-Cemented Calcareous Sand”. Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, 107, 9-19.
  12. Di Mariano, A., & Simonini, P. (2017). Improvement of foundation soils of historical buildings in Venice using polyurethane injections. Geotechnical Engineering Journal of the SEAGS & AGSSEA, 48(4), 43–54.
  13. Sánchez Lavín, J. R., Escolano Sánchez, F., & Mazariegos de la Serna, A. (2018). Chemical Injections Realized with Null Pressure for Underpinning the Foundation of an 18th Century Building Located in the Historical City of Cuenca (Spain). Applied Sciences, 8(7), 1117.
  14. Uyar, H. K., & Öztoprak, S. (2025). Havzaların Sismik Tepkisinin Modifiye Ricker Dalgacığı ile Nümerik Analizi. Gazi Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi Part C: Tasarım ve Teknoloji, 13(2), 706-717.
  15. PEER Ground Motion Database. 2022. “PEER NGA-West2 Strong Motion Records.” Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center, University of California, Berkeley.